Ventricular tachycardia: causes, symptoms, treatment

The ventricular tachycardia is a serious pathology that requires a special approach to treatment. Read more in the article.

Content

Ventricular tachycardia - This is a violation of heart. rhythm in which the heart muscle works incorrectly. The impulses that lead to the fact that the muscles of the heart are reduced, arise inside the muscles of the ventricles, and not in the sinus node, as this should happen. This leads to improper distribution of PS (pulse), the lack of its control and poor heart contraction. Such a violation in the functioning of this body has very serious consequences.

Read on our website another article on the topic: "Anatomy - the structure of the human heart". You will find a scheme with signatures, photos, tables.

Find out who is subject to ventricular tachycardia and what methods of preventing this arrhythmia. Read further.

What the ventricular tachycardia on the ECG looks like: types, rhythm

The ventricular tachycardia is a condition that threatens the patient's life, causes or leads to cardiac arrest. Sometimes such a pathology is light and passes itself - the so -called benign ventricular tachycardia. There are two main types of this pathology:

Monomorphic - The consequence of the defeat of the heart. muscles. It can be manifested in two specific forms - tachycardia from the area of \u200b\u200bthe pancreas and fascic tachycardia.
Polymorphic - The ventricular complexes, which progress all the time, are constantly repeated in the direction and amplitude. It seems that they "spin" around the isoelectric line. This type is also called "pirouette".

That's what it looks like monomorphic gastric tachycardia on the ECG:

Polymorphic gastric tachycardia on the ECG:

Below, the table displays the differential of ventricular and overwhelming tachycardia, and you will also see how the heart rhythm is different in this or that pathology:

Differentiation of ventricular tachycardia

It is very important to know the root cause of such types of arrhythmias and cure them, as this reduces the development of relapse risks. If this does not work, then the patient is introduced subcutaneous cardiover defibrillator, which removes tachycardia attacks or abides the site, which leads to such arrhythmias.

How the ventricular tachycardia arises: signs

In the heart of a healthy man or woman, impulses that stimulate his functioning, originate in the sinus node. From this place they move to the atrial region, and then through the atrioventricular node inside the heart. There through the beams giser fibers and Purkinya Synchronous stimulation spreads through the muscle tissue of ventricles, forcing them to contract.

A similar method of distribution electr. The signal provides the normal functioning of the heart, and its formation in a sinus nodule is important due to the presence of control from the nervous or endocrine systems. How does ventric tachycardia arise? Here are some signs:

The formation of the so -called ecotopic centers is performed, that is, places in the muscle tissue of ventricles, which create electromilia.
Such areas cannot be found in any type of control and lead to muscle excitation only randomly.
If this happens very quickly, ventricular tachycardia develops.

Another mechanism:

The occurrence in the muscle of the left ventricle of a particular area, around which an electrical stimulus is carried out in an abnormal way.
If at this second the impulse begins to “jump”, heart. The muscle is constantly and many times in a row is stimulated, and tachycardia develops.

The appearance of this arrhythmia is dangerous not only due to improper control over the functionality of the heart from the nervous system. This happens because a high heart rate, significantly reduces the effectiveness of the reduction and filling of ventricles with biological fluid during diastole. As a result, the functioning of the heart muscle occurs and the blood flow in the arteries immediately decreases.

Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia of the heart: symptoms, heart

Paroxismal ventricular tachycardia of the heart

The spectrum of symptoms of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia of the heart and their severity are very wide. As already mentioned, such a pathology causes the patient’s loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest.

Here are some more symptoms:

Fainting of incomprehensible genesis or death due to heart failure.
The ventricular tachycardia can be completely safe for the patient, take asymptomatic, quickly begin and end quickly, with the frequency of shock (heart rate) from 150 to 220 per minute. In this case, it always does not last long.
Cardiopalmus.
Pain and burning in the chest.
Sharp dizziness.
Loss of consciousness.
Convulsions.
Weakness.
Anxiety or feeling of fear.

IT'S IMPORTANT TO KNOW: Tachycardia is more likely, more often occurs and has serious complications if the patient has any of the heart diseases listed below.

Sustainable, acute ventricular tachycardia: causes of such arrhythmia

Such a violation of heart. rhythm with stable, acute ventricular tachycardia can lead to many reasons, from very dangerous for life to harmless and trivial, without any symptoms:

Myocardial infarction -ventricle. Arrhythmias, including tachycardia, are often with this pathology. They are both 1-2 hours after the infarction, and within a few days of observation in the hospital. However, thanks to a special invasive cure, arrhythmias are rare for this reason.
IBS - chronic. Ischemia, like a heart attack, can entail ventricular tachycardia.
Dilatation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - These are heart pathologies in which the functioning of the heart muscle is impaired, which may include tachycardia. It is worth noting that in such cases they can be repeated and increased the risk of death.
The body poisoning, such as digoxin, antidepressants.
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy of the right ventricle - Congenital pathology, manifested by impaired heart rhythm, including tachycardia.
Elongated QT interval syndrome, catecholamine-dependent ventricular tachycardia and brugade syndrome -Pathologies are transmitted at birth if they were recorded from one of the family members or even distant relatives. They develop with damage to the carriers of ions. They lead to a violation of the electroactivity of the cells of the heart muscle, which, in turn, causes ventricular tachycardia. These diseases are transmitted to the family from one relative to another, and most often arise in young people. This type of tachycardia can be caused by excessive emotions or physical. loads.
Benign ventricular tachycardia - It appears in people without cardiac pathologies, the causes are unknown. The light course of pathology often causes a rapid heartbeat. This does not increase the risk of ventricular fibrillation and is not life threatening.
Developed heart failure - If you do not treat, it usually leads to ventricular tachycardia.

IMPORTANT: With any malaise, pain in the heart and poor well -being, contact the doctor. This will help eliminate the development of unpleasant and life -threatening consequences.

The consequences of ventricular tachycardia

The ventricular tachycardia is dangerous for life for two reasons. Here are the consequences:

Such arrhythmia itself leads to an extensive defeat of the heart, sometimes the contractility is completely “useless” or ineffective, and heart rate ceases to be tangible - this is one of the mechanisms of cardiac arrest.
On the other hand, ventricular tachycardia can lead to ventricular fibrillation, which is also a mechanism for cardiac arrest, and can be very dangerous and even fatal.

Of course, danger can be hidden in other consequences. But the most important danger is a sudden cardiac arrest and death.

Ventricular tachycardia: diagnosis

The ventricular tachycardia is diagnosed on the basis of ECG studies. If there are consistent ventricular contractions with frequency more than 100 beats. in min., The diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia is made. Complement. signs that facilitate diagnosis are the absence cloves p on the recording and duration of the complexes QRS above 120 ms - This is a wide QRS. It is worth knowing:

ECG research helps to correctly classify tachycardia if ventricular contractions occur in the sequence less than 3.
Such a violation of rhythm is classified as a shade of ventricular tachycardia (NSVT), it is easier.
However, if at least 3 ventricular. abbreviations occur sequentially, this sustainable ventricular tachycardia (SVT).

It happens that this arrhythmia becomes the result of excessive physical. loads, then it is found during a study with a load, that is, a test that evaluates the ECG recording during classes on an exercise bike or running on a special path.

Often, when the doctor suspects the presence of such types of arrhythmias and cannot catch them during the ECG, it is worth conducting a holter study, that is, 24. Record Electr. heart activity.

Another technique is an electrophysiological study in which there is an opportunity to find areas responsible for the emergence of rhythm disturbances, and during the same process to “exclude” them from PS circulation. If the procedure really helped the patient, tachycardia no longer bothers.

Diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia should not be limited only to the study of disorders in this pathology. A series of other tests should be carried out to determine its cause. Depending on the alleged etiology, this is:

Echo-coronarography of the heart-visualization of the coronary arteries
Laboratory studies of cardiac resonance

This diagnosis allows you to find the true cause of arrhythmia and successfully treat pathology. If this therapy is selected correctly, tachycardia is no longer repeated. If the cause cannot be determined, the best variation is electrophysiological examination and removal of the focus of arrhythmias or implantation of the defibrillator.

Ventricular tachycardia: clinical recommendations

The main clinical recommendation for ventricular tachycardia is the search for a cause that led to such a state. Diagnostic measures are prescribed depending on the condition of the patient and the preliminary diagnosis. On their basis, an accurate diagnosis is then made and drugs are prescribed to stop arrhythmias.

IMPORTANT: All medicines should only be selected by the doctor! These are complex drugs with their side effects and indications. Their self -enforcement can lead to a deterioration in the state.

Treatment of ventricular tachycardia: first, urgent assistance in arrhythmia, stopping attacks, drugs of choice

Treatment of ventricular tachycardia: first, emergency assistance

Each case of a persistent ventricular tachycardia is an indication for immediate treatment and the diagnosis of its causes. In the most emergency situations, if the pulse is not felt during the railway, the first and emergency care is required in the form of stopping attacks - defibrillation and SLR, as in ventricular fibrillation.

If PS is auditioned with arrhythmias, but a person does not have a reaction or it seems non -viable, a special procedure is required - it is similar to defibrillation, but requires less discharge energy.
If a man or woman is tachycardia with stable symptoms, antiarrhythmic is prescribed. Drugs that inhibit ventricular tachycardia.

Then the treatment of the ventricle. Tachycardia depends on the disease that caused such consequences. In the case of a heart attack and coronary heart disease, coronary angioplasty is carried out, or stenting. If electrolytic disorders or poisoning have led to such a state, these conditions are treated - the missing ions are introduced or toxic substances are removed using droppers.

However, if the reason is unrealistic to eliminate or it is unknown, implantation of the ICD or the cardiverter-defibrillator is required. This is a special device that is transplanted under the skin to perform defibrillation in the case of a serious rhythm disturbance. If the cause can be found during an electrophysiological examination of the heart area responsible for arrhythmia, it can be “disconnected”, this is a procedure for ablation or cauterization of the heart with atrial fibrillation and tachycardia.

Pharmacotics of the pathology itself is less important. However, it should be remembered that it is important to cure the causes of pathology. Although sometimes doctors prescribe medications that suppress the occurrence of this arrhythmia. The preparations of the choice in this case: