What tests should be taken to check the kidneys?

The kidneys belong to the vital organs that affect the work of the body as a whole. They take part in the filtration processes of blood plasma, in the endocrine system, in metabolic and regulatory processes.

The causes of kidney diseases can be infections and intoxication, tumors and hypothermia, etc. Timely diagnosis of kidney diseases is of great importance, so laboratory studies are necessary.

What tests should be taken to check the kidneys?

The tests must be taken to check the kidneys - they include:

• A general blood test that determines the level of calcium, phosphate, creatinine, electrolytes, urea.
• Biochemical blood test that reveals a possible increase in urea, creatinine, uric acid.
• A general urine analysis shows the level of protein, glucose, salts, etc.
• The urine test along Nechiporenko, which is able to detect a hidden infection on the concentration of leukocytes, red blood cells and protein formations.
• Determination of the level of C-reactive protein.

If necessary, urine analysis can also be prescribed (demonstrates urine density), biopsy and several instrumental methods: ultrasound, angiography, scintigraphy, computed and magnetic resonance imaging.

In the general analysis of urine, the norm indicators are the following:

• Solo-yellow color
• Transparency
• Less than 0.1 g/l or complete lack of protein
• Lack of glucose, bilirubin, urobilinogen, ketone bodies, nitrites, blood reactions
• The epithelium is flat for men-0-9 cages/μl, for women-0-15 cages/μl
• Leukocyte asterase for men-0-16.5 cage/μl, for women-0-27.5 cages/μl
• Red blood cells 0 - 11 cage/μl.

Reference values \u200b\u200bfor a general blood test are:

• Leukocytes:

up to a year-6-17.5*10^9/l;

from 1 to 2 years-6-17*10^9/l;

from 2 to 4 years-5.5-15.5*10^9/l;

from 4 to 6 years-5-14.5*10^9/l;

from 6 to 10 years-4.5-13.5*10^9/l;

from 10 to 16 years-4.5-13*10^9/l;

over 16 years old - 4 - 10*10^9/l.

Increased indicators of leukocytes indicate infections, inflammations, oncology, reduced - about possible autoimmune diseases.

• Erythrocytes:

Up to 1 month-3.3-5*10^12/l

6 months-3.9-5.5*10^12/l

1 year-4,1-5.3*10^12/l

6 years-3.7-4.9*10^12/l

12 years-3.9-5.1*10^12/l

18 years old-4.2-5.6*10^12/l (for young men) and 3.9-5.1*10^12/l (for girls)

45 years-4.3-5.7*10^12/l (for men) and 3.8-5.1*10^12/l (for women)

Over 65 years old-3.8-5.8*10^12/l (for men) and 3.8-5.2*10^12/l (for women)

• Hemoglobin:

1 month-107-171 g/l

6 months-111-141 g/l

1 year-113-141 g/l

5 years-110-140 g/l

10 years-115-145 g/l

18 years old-117-166 g/l (for young men) and 117-153 g/l (for girls)

45 years-132-173 g/l (for men) and 117-155 g/l (for women)

Over 65-126-174 g/l (for men) and 117-161 g/l (for women)

Pregnancy in women can become such a factor can become an impact on the result of the analysis: smoking, taking in sports, taking certain drugs.

• The manifestation of disturbance of excretory function is expressed in increased urea in the blood and metabolic acidosis, the ratio of electrolytes also changes. The density of urine and how it changes throughout the day, can demonstrate whether there are violations in the properties of the kidneys to concentrate or breed urine. If the glomerulus apparatus of the kidneys is damaged, then the tests will show a change in the amount of electrolytes in the blood, leukocyturia, erythrocyturia, and proteinuria.
• An increase in the number of leukocytes in the urine and blood indicates acute inflammation. An increase in the content of urea, creatinine or potassium, like the loss of a beam and sodium, may indicate developing renal failure, tumor, urolithiasis, etc.
• A comprehensive analysis when checking the kidneys is necessary not only to diagnose any acute or chronic renal disease, but also in order to evaluate the threat to this organ in the case of other system diseases. Also, by analysis, differential diagnosis of existing urinary tract lesions is carried out and, of course, a comprehensive examination, evaluation and monitoring of the condition of the kidneys.

For the analysis, blood is used, daily urine or an average portion of morning urine.

In order for the analysis to reflect the real condition of the kidney, it is necessary to adhere to the following rules before it is passed:

• Do not take alcohol a day before the analysis.
• In 12 hours, there is nothing or drink, with the exception of unspoken water.
• To coordinate with the doctor the cancellation of the intake of diuretic drugs in two days.
• During the day, stop taking any drugs.
• Urine analysis is not recommended during menstruation.
• Avoid stress and physical stress, and also not to smoke half an hour before analysis.

Analysis for biochemistry needs to be taken on an empty stomach, and the last meal should be 8 hours before blood sampling for analysis.

Such analyzes are necessary in order to check what condition your kidneys are in. They will help to take all measures in time in order to prevent the disease from developing. The more information the urologist has, the more suitable and targeted treatment he will be able to choose.

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Video: signs that you need to check the kidneys