Chinese dates of Unabi (Zizifus) - beneficial properties, calorie content, how to grow in the middle lane and what to cook from it?

Unabi is only one of the transcriptions of the name of this many years of thermophilic plant that came to us from Asia, in particular, from the northern provinces of China. You can also hear this fruit called Zizifus, Yuuba or Zhuzhuba.

What does the Chinese date of Unabi look like?

• Unabi belongs to evergreen shrubs from the genus listfall. Its height is on average about 5 m, the bark on the trunk is wrinkled, having a dark gray color. Young shoots often cover hard thorns, but they fall over time, and the cultivated varieties of spikes do not have at all.
• The tree has a spreading, but at the same time quite rare crown, which does not give a thick shadow. The plant is quite resistant to possible droughts, since it has an extensive root system that goes into the deep layers of the soil.
• Dark green leaves with veins have pointed tips, their shape is round or oval, size 3-5 cm. The leaves have a alternate location, attached with short petioles. Open at the very end of spring, and in early June flowering begins with small light green or white flowers With 5 petals similar to stars. The time of fruit is the first half of autumn.
• The fruits of the Chinese date of UNABIA themselves belong to the knuckles and are similar to dates of cultivated species, the fruits of wild varieties are more similar to the olives, since it is much smaller. The mature fruit of Zizifus has brown or reddish skin And light pulp, the structure of which is fine -grained. In the middle of this juicy pulp is a bone with a thickening. The taste of fruits - sweet-sour.

Popular varieties of Chinese date Unabi

There are many varieties of zizifus, about 50, but the most common are 3 basic:

1. Unaby Chinese (ordinary), the appearance of which is described above;
2. A lotus tree that has come from Mediterranean subtropics, which has yellow fruits, the weight of which reaches 40 g;
3. Unabi Mauritan with rounded reddish fruits.

There is a more detailed separation of Chinese dates of Unabi into varieties inside the main, which vary in the time of ripening of the fruits, their size, etc.

Of these, for the middle lane are relevant:

• Chinese 60 -Small, up to 3 m, with fruits of the size of about 10 cm, harvest-September.
• Blue Refers to medium-sized, with small fruits (about 6 cm).
• Finnish It has fruits about 4 cm, which when ripening quickly fall, so the crop should be harvested immediately.
• Mori Jer -With large, up to 25 cm fruits, frost-resistant.
• Hurman -Coated with thorns, fruiting lasts up to 3 weeks, has sweet fruits.
• Candy - A low enough, has a spherical crown, fruit by autumn. The fruits are sweet, red.
• South It has the fruits of pear -shaped shape, which are used mainly for conservation.
• Shirvan It belongs to the mid -season, the fruits have sourness.
• Tavrika - The ripening of the fruits falls on November.
• The first -born It gives a high yield of sweet and sour fruits having a barrel-shaped shape to the taste of sweet and sour.
• I-tsao - An unpretentious variety of medium maturation.
• Absheron - Refers to frost -resistant, has a sweet fruit with a slight sourness.
• Kara-Dag - refers to the varieties of late maturation
• Koktebel - Large fruits also ripen late, while the harvest from one tree can be about 80 kg.

The composition and calorie content of the fruits of the Chinese date of Unabi

• In the fruits of Chinese date, Unabi many amino acids, vegetable fats, sugars. In particular, the pulp contains lemon, sparse, apple, folic, wine and other organic acids; ascorbic, nicotinic acid; flavonoids; vitamins of groups A, B, R and E; alkaloids; Minerals: potassium, copper, sodium, magnesium, iron, calcium, zinc, phosphorus, iodine, manganese; steroid compounds; carotene; triterpene glycosides; Saponins; fixed oils.
• The roots and bark of Zizifus contains tannins, alkaloids, kumarins.
• 100 g of the product contains 1.2 g of proteins, 20.23 g of carbohydrates, 0.2 g of fat. The calorie content of the fresh fetus is the order 80 kcal in 100 gproduct, which is twice the indicator, for example, pears or apples, and corresponds to the calorie content of grapes or bananas. In the form of dried fruits, Unabi has a calorie content of about 350 kcal per 100 g.

The healing properties of Chinese date Unabi

• Zizifus fruits have several actions at once: anti -inflammatory, antioxidant, expectorant (this effect is possessed by plant leaves), hypotensive. The moderate use of this product is both fresh and dried, it is capable of alleviating the condition of intoxication of the body, fever, nervous and physical exhaustion.
• The fruits of the Chinese date of Unabi in a headache are helped, good for activating the work and intestinal motility, normalization of fat and carbon metabolism, and strengthening immunity. The dates are also useful for pregnant women, as it helps with toxicosis, and feeding mothers are often recommended as a factor that helps to produce more breast milk.
• If we talk about leaves, bones, bones, then they also have useful properties, they have long been used by Chinese medicine. They are used to normalize the condition for nervous disorders, sleep disturbances, and headaches and tooth pain symptoms. The raw materials of Chinese date Unabi are also used to treat problems associated with dermatology, at stomatitis, inflammation of the genitourinary system. Zizifus is an excellent diuretic, in addition, ripe dates are usually recommended for constipation, and unripe - on the contrary, will help with diarrhea.
• The Chinese dates of Unabi is also able to facilitate difficult urological problems, for example, helping in reducing swelling, the fight against inflammatory processes, inhibiting the possibility of developing infection. The vitamins contained in the composition turn UNABI into a kind of immunostimulator that supports the body during influenza, respiratory and other seasonal diseases and vitamin deficiency. Doctors can recommend to hypertension up to 20 fruits in a daily diet (of course, in the absence of contraindications). An additional effect of such a “course of treatment” may be an increase in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood, which is relevant for anemia.
• Minerals and trace elements, in large numbers contained in the Chinese dates of Unabi, have a well-absorbed shape, due to which they support the health of the musculoskeletal system, bones, are natural prevention of osteoporosis. By the way, pharmacologists also “adopted” Zizifus, using it in the industrial production of biologically active additives.

Unabi's useful cosmetological properties of Chinese date

• The beneficial qualities of Chinese date Unabi are especially known to solve problems with the condition of the hair and skin. In particular, due to the high content of vitamins and biologically active components, Chinese dates helps in the case of seborrhea, with the development of complete or partial alopecia, prevent possible blockage of the sebaceous glands, and improve blood flow to the hair follicles. In this respect, the crust of Chinese date and infusions made from it are especially useful in this regard.
• Acne and skin rash, oily shine of the skin, acne, pigment spots, wrinkles - Unabi successfully fights with these problems, since the skin of its fruits has an antibacterial and antioxidant effect and is part of some facial masks with a rejuvenation effect. Cosmetologists believe that the most noticeable effect of skin rejuvenation is precisely with the regular use of Chinese date, both as part of face masks and in kind.

Contraindications for the use of Chinese date by Unabi

• The average norm of saisyphus consumption is order 10 fruits per daythat provide the daily norm of beneficial substances and minerals. A larger number for some can pass without a trace, while in others, especially if tolerance is disturbed, it can cause intestinal disorder. Unabi can also have a harmful effect in the case of hypotonic conditions and in some diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: increased acidity of gastric juice, gallstone disease, pancreatitis, etc.
• Another the risk of excessive use of Unabi The fact that it is a potential allergen, so you should get acquainted with these fruits carefully, starting with a pair of things per day and carefully monitoring the reaction of the body.
• Zizifus is not recommended for those who have ulcerative diseases and low pressure, since it helps to reduce it. Overdose It can lead to hypervitaminosis and an allergic reaction in the form of a rash. Some people have discords in the work of the gastrointestinal tract (especially if the fetus is not cleaned from the peel), as well as a small number of people have natural intolerance to zisifus.
• It is better not to give Unaby to young children until 5 years old, and then in small quantities. Pregnant women and diabetes should use fruit and medications, which include zizifus seeds, with caution and only with the permission of the doctor. A strict dosage is necessary for those who seek to lose weight, since Unabi contains a lot of sugar.

Landing of Chinese date Unabi in the middle lane

• It is quite possible to grow zizifus in the middle lane. To do this, you only need to choose the right variety, get acquainted with the features of planting the plant and caring for it.
• As a rule, shrubs or low vaccinated varieties that have a spreading crown take root best in these latitudes. They bloom quite late, somewhere in mid-June, which excludes the possibility of freezing buds and ovaries, since frosts are over-this is how the plant gets the possibility of full pollination and fruiting.
• UNABI Chinese dates are pollinated cross, the color lasts up to 2 months, during which the main part of the flowers is focused on old lateral shoots, a little flowers are formed on new shoots. The plant is fruit september-OctoberThe fruiting lasts up to a month. It tolerates frosts well (up to -30 ° C), can recover after freezing with subsequent fruiting.
• Based on these characteristics, for the middle strip, such varieties of Chinese date Unabi should be selected as “Chinese 60” and “Chinese 93”, “Burnim”, “Sochi 1” and “Temryuk 1”, as well as "Phoenic" and "Friendship". The most adapted to local weather conditions will be a plant grown from a bone.

How to plant Chinese dates of Unabi in the middle lane?

• When choosing a place in order to plant the Chinese dates of Unabi, you should pay attention to its openness for the sun and the absence of a shadow. The site should not be blown by winds, undesirable for zisifus and drafts. Soil for planting It can be any, with the exception of clay or too salty.
• Planting is usually carried out closer to the end of spring. If the Chinese dates are planted in autumn, there is a risk that it will not have time to take root and the young plant will suffer from frosts. Planted seeds in the soil to a depth of up to 4 cm.
• Place of landing It should be watered and covered with a film, under which after a month and a half seedlings will be noticeable. There should be a space of at least 25 cm between individual copies, therefore, if necessary, sprouts should be protected. Before winter, the barrels of seedlings are spud, and a year later they can be transplanted to the selected place.

• To plant a seedling, you need to prepare a hole 1 m per 1 m and add fertilizers to it (you can both mineral and organic). A seedling is planted in a prepared and fertilized hole, the roots of which must be straightened and filled with earth. Then you need to compact the soil around the planted plant and mulch it. When preparing the holes, it is necessary to ensure that there is at least 3-4 m between them, since the crown of the Chinese date grows quite strongly. Do not expect the beginning of the growing season in the spring - in Zizifus it begins later.

How to water and fertilize Chinese dates of Unabi in the middle lane?

• Excessive watering for Chinese date Unabi It will become fatal because this culture refers to drought -resistant and does not tolerate excessive humidity. 3-4-fold watering for the entire dry season is considered sufficient, and if the precipitation goes regularly or excessively, the amount of irrigation must be reduced. The date does not need watering and during the formation of fruits.
• But for a better rooting of the seedling, it should still be watered more often. Watering should be stopped before the autumn period - this is how the fetus does not crack, and the shoots will be able to vigor completely. After each watering, do not forget to loosen and mulch the soil around the barrel, not reaching it about 10 cm. During loosening, you should especially carefully carry out this work in the area of \u200b\u200bthe roots-both superficial and departing deep into it.
• Twice during the Unabi season should be fed organic and mineral fertilizers. Experts recommend carrying out spring top dressing with nitrogen compounds, which stimulates the growth of the dates, and the autumn phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, with which Zizifus will successfully winter. As for the number of fertilizers introduced - for young plants it should be smaller than for adults.

How to trim the Chinese date of Unabi in the middle lane?

• The first pruning must be carried out already in the first year after landing - this is how the foundations of the correct formation of the crown of the Chinese date of Unabi are laid. Early pruning will help Unabi until the age of two to reach the age of two years of skeletal shoots of the first order. To do this, lay a stem, cutting off the central conductor to a level of 80 cm, leaving the main shoots of the first order.
• The next year they begin to form second -order shoots, leaving for this purpose 2-4 of the strongest lateral shoots, shortening them on 2-3 kidneys. The branch is shortened on top of 2 internodes. Thus, the correct pruning leads to the fact that 2-4 escapes of the second come from each of the shoots of the first order.
• According to the same scheme, pruning is also carried out in the fourth year of the development of Chinese date Unabi. In addition to the formation of the crown, it is necessary to thin out the shoots for better illumination of the entire plant, as well as be sure to remove the dried, cracked or broken branches, shoots that intertwined.

How to harvest the Chinese date of Unabi in the middle lane?

• Zizifus fruits ripen in autumn and the degree of full maturation is determined by the fact that the fetus is easily separated from the branch, it can also be easily shaken off. Thus, the Chinese dates of Unabi are collected manually, trying not to damage the fetus. If there is no complete maturation before the start of frosts, as often happens in the middle lane, then the fruits of the Chinese date can be collected and decomposed for ripening.
• After gathering the crop, young seedlings can be avoided by freezing insulate, wrapping the trunk with a film or using any other material, and previously hilled it. Thus, the unpretentious, frost -resistant hardy plant of Unabi can easily be planted, raised and, most importantly, to get a generous crop, in the middle lane.

What to cook from the Chinese date of Unabi?

• Since Zizifus is a perishable product, it needs to either quickly eat fresh, or also quickly begin to process it. Usually the fruits of Chinese date Unabi dried, canned, boiled from them compotes, juices or sweet sunset. Dry pulp of zisifus fruits can be added to the dough for baking - If you bake bread from such a test, it does not stale longer than usual.
• Chinese date is also popular as a snack - dried fruits are served with tea or dessert. By the way, tea can also be prepared from Unabi, a dozen fruits with boiling water and insisting them. You can sweeten such tea with honey at will. And the roots of the plant can be used to make a decoction: grind, pour boiling water and insist for about 30 minutes. Zizyphus can also pickle, dry, sluggish ...

Here are a few recipes:

1. Jam from Unabi.This recipe is similar to the famous strawberry jam, which is called "five -minute." For 1 kg of fruits of Chinese date, take 800 g of sugar and a liter of water. They cook the syrup and pour the fruits of Unabi to them. Bringing to a boil, boil for 5 minutes, and then leave to infuse at night. After that, grind the fruits, having previously removed the seeds from them, boil again with constant stirring for 5 minutes. Now we lay jam hot in sterilized jars and roll it up.
2. Drinks from the fruits of Chinese date

• For compote from Zizifus, you will need: 0.9 kg Unabi, 3 liters of water, 2 tbsp. l. honey. In boiling water, fall asleep the fruits of Chinese date, boil for half an hour. Honey is added after the compote cools down a little.
• You can prepare another version of the compote of Unabi, adding ginger and pear to it. For 450 g of Unabi you will need a small piece of fresh ginger and one pear, you can also add a stick of cinnamon. Cut ginger and pear into slices, and cut the dates in half, put everything in a pan, pour about 4 liters of water there and, boiling, cook for 4 hours.

3. Tsukats from Chinese date.For 1 kg of Unabi you need to take 700 g of sugar, 650 ml of water and 5 g of citric acid. In dates, make punctures with a fork, boil water with sugar and, putting a zisifus there, boil for half an hour. Leave everything overnight, and in the morning boil and cook for half an hour again, adding citric acid at the very end. Then cool, throw the dates on a sieve and wait until the syrup is draining. Having laid the fruits on the foil, send them to the oven, warming it up to 130 ° C, for several hours. The process can take two hours, or maybe all 5. Turning over from time to time of the dates, you will see how the liquid leaves them. When it remains about a quarter, the centers can be considered ready.
4. Zizifus jam.800 g of dates will require the same amount of sugar, about 400 ml of water and 10 g of citric acid. Stick the fruits with a fork, boil the water and add citric acid and sugar to it. Let it boil for 2-3 minutes, and then put Zizifus in it. Immediately turn off the fire and leave the pan overnight. In the morning, cook half an hour again, then immediately roll up. In jam, you can, if desired, add cinnamon, and replace part of the sugar with honey.
5. Pickled Unabi.It is necessary to take 2 kg of green dates, 100 g of sugar, 200 g of salt, 200 ml of apple cider vinegar, 120 g of sunflower oil (preferably refined), 6 cloves of garlic, 10 bay leaves, 20 peas of pepper, and a half liters of water. Unabi is well washed and dried. Put spices and garlic in sterilized banks, fill in the containers of dates. Pour the jars with boiled water, and drain after 10 minutes. While the banks are with water, you can do a brine, boiling water with sugar and salt and boiling a couple of minutes, then add vinegar. Pour the dates with a brine so that they are covered and add to the top with sunflower oil. Roll immediately. Such unabi resembles olives.
6. Canned Chinese dates of Unabi.On 600 g of dates, 230 g of sugar, 70 g of salt, 170 ml of vinegar and 5-6 boutons of cloves will be required. Water calculation - 1 liter. Boil water with sugar and vinegar and pour this marinade laid out into the sterilized jars of Unabi, adding to each cloves. Close right away.
7. Slid Zizifus.A liter of water and 800 g of sugar will be needed for 1 kg of Zizifus. Dates are better to take a little unripe. Break each fruit and lower it into boiling syrup. Boil over low heat and cook a couple of minutes. Leave it overnight, then boil again for 5 minutes., Again on low heat. Then repeat the entire process again. After that, Unabi remove, if the liquid remains, let it drain and dry it in a dryer at a maximum temperature of 4 hours, and then reduce the temperature and dry until cooked.

We also consider such useful properties of products:

• Goat milk
• Buzina is black
• Rosehip root
• Bear fat
• Cins

Video: Planting and care for the dates of Unabi