Oxygen and ozone in chemistry: molecular formula, difference and similarities in properties, physical, biological properties and chemical activity of ozone and oxygen. Obtaining ozone from oxygen and its use in the national economy

From this article you will learn everything about ozone and oxygen in chemistry, reaction, similarities, differences, equations and so on.

Chemistry is an interesting science. Often, students or senior schoolchildren may need a description of some substances, their properties or they need to bring a molecular formula. Ozone and oxygen are allotropic modifications of a particular chemical element. What chemical and physical properties do these substances have? What are their properties and activity? Look for answers to these and other questions below.

Ozone and oxygen in chemistry: molecular formula, chemical, physical, biological harmful and beneficial properties

Ozone and oxygen in chemistry are allotropic modifications of the same chemical element.

• Molecular formula oxygen consists of two oxygen atoms and when writing is displayed as O2.
• The composition of the ozone includes three oxygen molecules, and the chemical formula is recorded as O3.

Both of these chemicals under normal conditions are gases. Oxygen has no color, but we see ozone in blue, as well as noticeable organs of smell and can be identified by unpleasant odor.

Significant differences in substances:

• Density - at ozone 1.5 times higher than oxygen.
• Still significant differences, when analyzing physical Properties are observed when comparing the melting temperatures and boiling of these elements.
• For oxygen, the temperature indicators of these processes correspond to 218 and 183 degrees Celsius.
• For ozone, the temperature parameters of similar processes are lower, and correspond to 197 and 112 degrees on the Celsius scale.

If speak about chemical properties should be noted the following:

• The chemical activity of the ozone is higher than that of the chemical compared with it.
• The decomposition of ozone is accompanied by the appearance of atomic oxygen, which more actively reacts with other substances.

On the example of a chemical reaction, the high activity of the ozone can be demonstrated using its reaction with silver. This happens according to the following formula:

• 6AG+O3 \u003d 3AG2O

The oxygen reaction with silver will not occur in a similar way. Biological harmful and useful properties of these substances:

• Oxygen is a source for living creatures. There is in an atmospheric layer, a hydrosphere, as part of organic substances and living organisms.
• Ozone is harmful to humans. But in small quantities it is useful, for example, when it is present in the air after a thunderstorm or ozone therapy.

In the atmosphere, the ozone layer protects all living things from the effects of UV rays.

Is ozone oxygen?

Ozone is an allotropic form of oxygen. This is confirmed by the same quality composition, because it contains only oxygen atoms, but each has a different amount.

The structure of the ozone molecule is distinguished by the covalent bonds of two oxygen atoms and has an angular structure, and is polar. Oxygen in its molecule forms only one connection, a linear and non -polar molecule.

Is the same chemical activity of ozone and oxygen?

The chemical activity of ozone and oxygen is not the same, but different, although they are allotropic modifications of one element " O". Both are good oxidizing agents.

• Oxygen among chemical elements in activity occupies the second place after fluorine.
• Ozone shows even greater reactionary ability compared to oxygen. Its reactivity in the decomposition process is due to the formation of molecular and atomic oxygen, which is violently responding with other reagents.

Ozone will oxidize most metals (except gold, platinum and iridium) to metals oxides to their highest degree of oxidation.

Similarities of ozone and oxygen molecules: properties

The chemical element oxygen can be in the form of three allotropic modifications:

• Oxygen O2
• Ozone O3
• Unstable o4 tetraclor

Here are the properties and similarities of ozone and oxygen molecules:

• These are simple substances consisting of one element.
• They are gaseous substances, but differ in density, melting temperature and boiling.
• Oxygen - colorless gas, has no smell and is not toxic.
• Ozone-has in different concentrations the color from dark blue to purple, the smell is sharp. In small doses, it is not toxic, toxicity grows with an increase in dose.
• Oxidize simple substances. Ozone is a stronger oxidizing agent.

The combustion temperature with the participation of ozone is higher than in an atmosphere of oxygen.

How to distinguish oxygen and ozone chemically: signs

If we compare the physical properties of oxygen and ozone, it is worth noting that these gases differ in density, melting and boiling temperatures. Ozone dissolves well in H2O, unlike oxygen. But how do these substances differ in chemically? Here are the main distinguishing features:

• Ozone is more active than oxygen. For example, in a reaction with silver, ozone is easily reacted, and oxygen will not be connected even at high temperatures.
• But at the same time, both ozone and oxygen react equally well with metals.
• With the absorption of energy, the reaction goes when passing an electric discharge through oxygen, for example, during a lightning outbreak. The reverse reaction will be under normal conditions, because Ozone is an unstable substance.
• In the atmosphere of ozone will be destroyed Under the influence of gases that fall into this layer. For example, as a result of man -made activity of people, Freon destroys ozone.
• Ozone has a pungent odor, and oxygen does not smell.
• Ozone is severe, oxygen is easier.
• Another distinguishing method: Ozone reaction with the pastor of Iodida Talia Ki. Ozone is a strong oxidizing agent, and therefore it is easier than oxygen. It performs the oxidation of iodide in the solution to iodine.

Here, for example, the equation of the reaction of ozone with silver: 6AG+O3 \u003d 3AG2O.

How much ozone is in oxygen, how many oxygen atoms are in an ozone molecule?

In its pure form, ozone is a blue gas with a very pungent odor. How much ozone is in oxygen, how many oxygen atoms are in an ozone molecule? The ozone molecule can be represented in the following ways:

• Structures on the left are resonant.
• Each of these figures is only a drawing of a molecule, it does not exist in reality, such as depicted in the diagram.
• This molecule represents something between structures on the left and the structure of the right.

Ozone is oxygen allotop. It is obtained in the process of connecting three oxygen atoms. Oxygen atoms secrete ozone and oxygen. The molecular ozone and oxygen consist of the same atoms, but are different substances. This phenomenon is called allotropy. The amount of oxygen atoms in ozone is also equal 3.

How many oxygen atoms are contained in the ozone molecule?

Molecule ozone consists only from three atoms oxygen and it has chemical formula O3.  Even systematic name u him trijoset. Two connections « Oh " in molecule ozone have equal length 1,278 BUTand located under angle.

Ozone consists from two atoms oxygen, having double covalent connection and one from these atoms it has general covalent connection with others atom oxygen. it does ozone reactive, he easily decomposes with education gaseous oxygen. Now you know, with koloko  atoms  oxygen  contained  in  molecule  ozone.

A mixture of oxygen and ozone substances has a relative density: hydrogen, helium, at a temperature of “0 ° C”

The density of gases for simplicity of use is correlated with the density of hydrogen, because it is the easiest gas and at a temperature of 0 ° C and normal atmospheric pressure 760 mm. RT. Art. It has a density 0.0899 kg/m3.

A mixture of oxygen and ozone substances has a relative density. The relative density itself is a dimensionless value, since it is determined by the ratio of two values \u200b\u200bwith the same dimension.

• Oxygen has a relative hydrogen density: 1,42904:0,0899=15,9011.
• Ozone has a relative hydrogen density: 2,220:0,0899=24,6941.

Similarly, the relative density of gases is determined by helium. To do this, calculate the ratio of molar masses of gas.

• Oxygen has a relative helium density: Dhe (o2) \u003d 32: 4 \u003d 8.
• Ozone has a relative gel density: Dhe (o3) \u003d 48: 4 \u003d 22.

The relative value shows how many times the density of one gas is greater than the density of the other. In the latter case, the relative density of the ozone in helium is equal 22. Obviously, ozone is heavier than Helia 22 times.

Oxygen, hydrogen, ozone: allotropic modifications

Allotropic modifications of oxygen are a double o2 and a three -tower ozone O3. The very phenomenon of allotropy represents two different compositions of molecules of a simple substance. Both are gases at normal temperature and pressure.

• Oxygen in the form of a diradecal contains two non -fan electrons.
• Ozone is less stable than O2, due to weaker common covalent connections and decays faster.
• Its decay is due to the absorption of ultraviolet radiation, which protects the Earth from addiction solar radiation.

Hydrogen exists in two allotropic forms atomic hydrogen and double hydrogen H2. The hydrogen itself has another type of allotropy. It is associated with various orientation of nuclear spins in the molecule. In the molecule of the para-water, the backs are directed in different directions, and in the Orto-Wagon molecule they are directed in one direction.

What gas is absorbed in the process of breathing: oxygen, ozone, nitrogen, carbon dioxide

We breathe air, which is saturated with oxygen thanks to photosynthesis. Plants breathe differently, but also absorb and secrete chemicals. What gas absorbs the plants in the process of breathing: oxygen, ozone, nitrogen, carbon dioxide? Answer:

• Plants absorb carbon dioxide.
• It forms when human breathing.
• Oxygen plants are secreted - this is their product of life.

It is worth noting that photosynthesis is important in the process of carbon cycle in nature.

Non -metals atoms and simple substances: oxygen, ozone, air

All chemical elements are divided into metals and non -metals in the construction and properties of their atoms. Also, simple substances formed by elements are divided into metals and non -metals, depending on their physical and chemical properties. Read more:

• The word "non -metals" makes it clear that the features of non -metallic elements and simple substances appropriate to them are opposite to the properties of metals.
• Non metals atoms are characterized by small radii and the number of electrons at the external energy level from 4 to 8 (Borus has these electrons 3, but the atoms of this element have a very small radius).
• Hence the desire of non -metals atoms to receive the missing electrons, i.e., oxidative properties.
• Among 109 known to date of chemical elements of them 22 Relate to non -metals.
• In the periodical table, non -metals are diagonally B -at And above her.
• The properties of simple substances that are formed by non -metals are widely varied. In this regard, non -metals are difficult to highlight the general characteristics.

Oxygen is attributed to the family p-elements. Electronic configuration of oxygen atom 1S22S22P4. In their compounds, oxygen may have several degrees of oxidation:

• "-2"
• "-1" (in peroxides)
• +2 "(F2O)

It is inherent in the manifestation of the phenomenon of allotropy - existence in the form of several simple substances - allotropic modifications.

Allotropic modifications of oxygen - oxygen O2 and ozone O3. We repeat that in a free state, oxygen is gas without color and odor, poorly dissolving in water, ozone with a pungent odor, unstable.

There are industrial and laboratory methods of producing oxygen. In industry, oxygen is carried out by distillation of liquid air. To obtain oxygen in the laboratory method, a reaction of thermal decomposition of complex substances is used:

• 2KMNO4 \u003d K2MNO4+MNO2+O2?
• 4K2CR2O7 \u003d 4K2CRO4+2CR2O3+3O2?
• 2KNO3 \u003d 2KNO2+O2?
• 2KCLO3 \u003d 2KCL+3O2?

Oxygen shows oxidative properties in all reactions of interaction with simple substances except fluorine:

• 4P+5O2 \u003d 2P2O5 (when heated)
• P-3E \u003d P3+—Theple Oxidation (Restorer)
• O2+2E \u003d 2O2--recovery staple (oxidizer)
• 4LI + O2 \u003d 2LI2O (under N.U.)
• Li-E \u003d Li+-Oxidation stage (Restorer)
• O2+2E \u003d 2O2--recovery staple (oxidizer)

In contact with complex substances, oxides of the corresponding elements are formed:

• 2H2S+O2 \u003d 2SO2+2H2O

Ozone is considered a more powerful oxidizing agent than oxygen. Ozone is sold when conducting a current discharge through oxygen:

• 3O2 ‹-› 2O3-Q

A qualitative reaction to ozone is the interaction of ozone with potassium iodide (this reaction does not occur with oxygen):

• 2ki+O3+H2O \u003d I2+2KOH+O2

It's important to know: The iodine released during the reaction is determined by the seal of starch.

Air is a mixture of mutual gases. The composition of the air contains:

• 78% nitrogen in volume
• 21% oxygen in volume
• 1% noble (inert) gases in volume
• carbon monoxide (IV)
• vapors of water
• other various impurities

Important: Content carbon monoxide (IV), vapor of water and impurities in the air changes in accordance with the conditions.

Carbon dioxide is formed in nature as a result of the processes of burning of plant materials, when breathing living organisms and rotting.

It is worth knowing: A large number of CO2 enters the atmosphere as a result of human activity. Contrary to constant admission CO2 In the atmosphere, its average content in the air is almost always at the level 0,03% in volume.

The content of water vapors in the air varies from several interest shares to several percent and is formed by local conditions and temperature.

What is the relative density of a mixture of oxygen and ozone?

The relative density of ozone in this mixture is determined by the ratio of molar mass O3 To the molar mass O2. This value is constant and derived from the law Avogadro.

• The first consequence of this law states that the molar volumes of all gases are the same, therefore, the ratio of molar masses of oxygen and ozone are also equal to this constant.
• The molar weight of the gases (g/mol \u003d kg/kmol) is in the table.

To obtain an answer to the question posed, it is necessary to divide the molar mass of ozone into a molar mass of oxygen and it turns out (48:32) 1,5. In the end, it turns out that the relative density of ozone in oxygen is equal 1,5.

Are oxygen and ozone isotopes, isomers or allotropic forms?

Allotropy is different forms of the same element in one physical condition. Exists two allotropic forms of oxygen:

• Molecular (double oxygen)
• Ozone (trental oxygen)

Izomers - These are different compounds that have the same chemical composition, but they always consist of two or more elements. Therefore, oxygen and ozone are not isomer.

Isotopes - Different types of atoms of any element. Various atomic masses can affect the interaction of atoms, but do not affect their ability to take various allotropic forms, so oxygen and ozone are not isotopes.

Oxygen turns into ozone under the influence of electricity: how is ozone formed from lightning?

Thanks to the use of electrostatic machines, it became known that oxygen turns into ozone under the influence of electricity. It was these experiments that became the basis for obtaining ozone on an industrial scale. In the form of a chemical formula, the process of obtaining ozone formation can be represented by the following formula:

• 3O2 2O3

Interesting: In this case, the reaction occurs with the absorption of heat, which requires the influence of additional factors for the formation of ozone. In the opposite direction, the reaction proceeds easier, and its course is accompanied by heat release.

The industrial method of obtaining ozone is based on severe ultraviolet radiation of oxygen. In nature, you can observe how ozone is formed from lightning. The process of ozone formation also proceeds in the upper atmosphere, solar radiation contributes to this.

Atomic oxygen, ozone and influence on humans: ozone after a thunderstorm in the forest, video Neumyvakin

Atomic oxygen has simply amazing properties, not only that is able to stimulate the brain and helps to relieve fatigue, and also removes from the hangover destroying poisonous alcohol in the body. But this is not all, this is still the influence of atomic oxygen on a person:

• It is able to increase the performance and tone of the body, as well as rejuvenate the skin. Naturally, thanks to this, the appearance will improve.
• It destroys old cells and participates in the creation of new ones.
• Cornses the resonant frequency of cells, maintaining the immune system while controlling almost all the parameters of the body.
• It is also used to texture polymers and makes them able to grow together with the bone. Polymers usually repel bone tissue cells, but a chemically active element creates an texture that enhances adhesion.

This determines another benefit that atomic oxygen brings-the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Ozone can also be useful:

• It is able to suppress viruses (actually destroy).
• It also strengthens the immune system, normalizes pressure.
• Healed and rejuvenates cells.

After a thunderstorm in the forest, you can also observe ozone. You will smell like freshness, the air will be with blue and clean. This is excellent ozone therapy, which is very useful and necessary for the body.

So, now it is clear that ozone therapy can be obtained in the forest after a thunderstorm. But where to get atomic oxygen? The most interesting thing is that hydrogen peroxide is a source of atomic oxygen. For the first time, Professor Neumyvakin began to talk about this to the general public. He himself was able to be cured by hydrogen peroxide from oncology and now promotes such treatment to the masses. Watch the video. In it, the professor talks about the beneficial properties of hydrogen peroxide, atomic oxygen and how to conduct treatment.

Video: Neumyvakin. Hydrogen peroxide (aqueous solution 3% hydrogen peroxide)

Obtaining ozone from oxygen and its use in the national economy

The purified air is passed through a special camera, where, under the influence of wave irradiation, the air molecule is divided into atoms. As a result of this, ozone appears and ozone atoms and air molecules merge. This is how ozone is obtained from oxygen. Ozone is accompanied by oxygen release.

Also, a chemical element can be obtained using electrolysis:

• This method is used very rarely.
• The output of the resulting ozone is only a small fraction by mass.
• Naturally, this is not enough for effective cleaning in a number of many aspects.
• Using this method, water can be distributed with giant portions of ozone.
• You can make important concentration of ozone in water due to the lack of losses associated with the missing transfer of the mass of ozone from gas to the solution characteristic of the field of obtaining ozone by irradiation or electrolympiches.

A few more important points when using ozone:

• Ozone can be obtained with an electric discharge. This method is rarely used.
• In the national economy Ozone is widely used in many industries: food, rural and others. It is actively used to store meat, fish, dairy and other foods.
• The use of ozone also spread widely and everyday life of a person: for sterilization, bleaching of paper and oils.
• In medicine Ozone is used for ozone therapy.
• In agricultureAs an additive to food.
• At home - for storing vegetables and fruits.

Ionizers are modern devices that are often used at home for air purification.

Obtaining, transforming ozone from oxygen at home - oxygen into ozone: reaction, equation

Ozone is formed in many processes: the decomposition of peroxide, the oxidative process of phosphorus, and so on. In industry, it can be obtained using an electric discharge from the air. When air irradiation with a large UV radiation, ozone is also released. The same thing happens in the atmosphere, where under the influence of sunlight, an ozone layer is distinguished and retained.

Object, ozone from oxygen at home is not performed. This can only be done in the laboratory. The oxygen reaction to ozone can occur with the following processes:

• Electrolysis -As an electrolyte, a strong district of chloric acid is used. The temperatures are low - this will help increase the productivity of the apparatus in which the process occurs.
• Chemical reactions for oxidation. Ozone can form during oxidation, but in small quantities. For example, with oxidation of Pinen (component of turpentine) with oxygen. The result is ozone.
• Sulfuric acid reaction. You can get a small number of ozone if you add a few drops of sulfuric acid to 0.25 g of potassium permanganate. You will get a reaction with the release of ozone.
• Here is the equation: 2kmno ₄ + N ₂So ₄ + 3O ₂ \u003d K. ₂So ₄ + 2MNO ₂ + 3O ₃↑+ n ₂O.
• Reaction with chilled sulfuric acid and barium peroxide. Due to this interaction, ozone will also be obtained. Below is the equation of this reaction.

With all these methods of turning oxygen, together with other substances into ozone, produced in a temperature close to ordinary indicators, a low gas output is characteristic - not more than 15%. This is due to the instability of the compounds.

General characteristics of oxygen and ozone: table

Data on chemicals is needed to prepare for the exam, when performing homework at a school in chemistry in high school or for general development. Below you will find a table with a general characteristic of oxygen and ozone.

Is ozone an allotropic modification of oxygen?

One of the allotropic modifications of oxygen is ozone Lake. In its properties, ozone is very different from oxygen - it has higher melting and boiling temperatures, has a spicy smell from here its name. Allotropic modification of oxygen - ozone LakeAs a very strong oxidizing agent is used to disinfect the premises, disinfect air and purify drinking water. A small admixture of ozone in the air creates a feeling of pleasant freshness and has a beneficial effect on a person’s condition, especially pulmonary patients.

In general, there are several famous oxygen allotles. The most famous of them is molecular oxygen ( O2), present at significant levels in the atmosphere of the Earth and also known as dioxygen or triplet oxygen. Others are highly reactive ozone ( O3).

• Trekhomal oxygen ( ozone, O3), a very reactive allotop of oxygen, which is destructive to materials such as rubber and tissue.
• It can also damage lung tissue in humans.
• Traces of this substance can be found in the form of a sharp, chloride smell. For example, from electric engines, laser printers, and copy apparatuses.
• Ozone is thermodynamically unstable to a more common dioxigenic form.
• It is formed as a result of the O2 reaction with atomic oxygen formed during splitting O2 UV, radiation in the upper atmosphere.
• Ozone absorbs ultraviolet and functions as a shield for the biosphere from mutagenic and other damaging effects of solar UV radiation.

Ozone is formed near the surface of the Earth as a result of photochemical disintegration of nitrogen dioxide, for example, from exhaust gas gas. Squirrel ozone is an air pollutant. This is especially harmful to older people, children and people with diseases of the heart and lungs, such as emphysema, bronchitis and asthma.

Find the composition of a mixture of oxygen and ozone: Formula

Oxygen and ozone are two substances, but at the same time the element is one. Historically, it was formed that the chemical element and one of the elementary substances formed by atoms of this element have a common name - oxygen. Since there is a fundamental difference between these concepts, one should clearly distinguish between what is about - oxygen, as a chemical element or a simple substance.

• Simple substance oxygen exists in the form of molecules. The oxygen molecule consists of two atoms of the chemical element of oxygen, so the chemical formula of oxygen as a simple substance - O2.
• In addition to oxygen, there is another simple substance, the molecules of which consist only of oxygen atoms. This is an ozone whose molecule contains three oxygen atoms, its formula - O3.

It is also worth noting the following:

1. The chemical element oxygen forms two simple substances - oxygen O2 and ozone O3.
2. If we are talking about oxygen, as a chemical element, implies oxygen atoms O.
3. When they talk about it as a simple substance, they mean a substance consisting of molecules and having a formula O2.

Remember: xO2 + YO3 - The formula for the connection of oxygen and ozone.

Ozone breaks up into oxygen after how long: how quickly does this happen?

The ozone molecule is unstable. In contact with the air, one atom of oxygen cleanses, and ozone capable of quickly turning into ordinary oxygen. Ozone breaks up into oxygen after how long: how quickly does this happen?

• Ozone entering the air is safe for mankind to the range to 0,0001mg/l.
• In the air under normal conditions after 10-15 minutes The concentration of ozone decreases, forming oxygen and water.
• In laboratory conditions at air temperature +20 degrees The half -life of the ozone is three days.
• At a temperature +120 ° C Half -down time 1,5 hour, and at +250 ° C Perhaps a phenomenon in 1.5 seconds.
• The colder the temperature, the longer the decay period.
• The speed of half -life depends on the humidity of the air, the amount of ozone and the composition of the contacting chemical elements and the main factor is the air temperature.

Half -life of ozone for oxygen:

• -50 ° C -3 months
• -35 ° C -18 days
• -25 ° C -8 days

The breakdown of ozone is accelerated due to the presence of active coal catalysts or metals based on manganese and copper. Thanks to this composition, ozone easily turns into oxygen when it enters the atmosphere.

Video: Chemistry - Grade 8. Ozone. Allotropy of oxygen. Air composition. Combustion

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