Implantation of tooths: stages, consequences and methods of the procedure, restrictions, contraindications, possible complications

With age, our teeth have the property not only to lose external attractiveness, but, unfortunately, fall out. And this is not just the aesthetic side, but also the health of the whole organism.

Today we will talk about why it is necessary to maintain a full dentition than implantation differs from other methods (the same inserting jaw or veneers), which are its advantages and disadvantages.

What is a dental implant?

• A tooth implant (or an implant, which is equivalent) is a metal pin or frame. The design is implanted directly into the jaw bone.
• Then, a denture is attached to the implant, as a basis.

Why put dental implants?

There are a number of reasons that prove the need for teeth implantation:

• The threat is excluded that bone tissue will be thinned. And this very often happens when a tooth (or several teeth) does not have a fairly long period. And if the problem is not solved, but to let the bone tissue, thinning, makes the installation of implants more and more problematic.
• The process of dental displacement is prevented. If there is no one or several teeth in the row, then everyone standing nearby begins to change their position in the gums, shifting. So the wrong or weakened bite is formed.
• Diction It becomes more clear and intelligible. Indeed, with each missing tooth, our speech becomes less understandable to others, a whistle appears, hissing instead of a clear pronunciation. Implantation of teeth helps to restore diction.
• Jaw Restores its characteristic functions, in particular, thorough chewing food. This, in turn, removes another problem-violations of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. The implant fills the pass in the dentition, which leaves part of the unit food.
• Aesthetic component. It is closely connected with the psychological. A person with an absent tooth, especially the front, begins to be ashamed of, experience discomfort, his self -esteem decreases. Teeth restoration removes these psychological barriers and complexes.

Implantation of tooths: Stages

The phased implementation of the installation of implants provides high design efficiency.

Dental implantation is carried out as follows:

1. Preparatory stage, it can still be called diagnostic. He can occupy a long time, up to several weeks. Duration depends on the state of the oral cavity. A surgeon dentist examines the cavity and every tooth, finding out which of them are healthy, which need treatment, and which are removing. For this purpose, such examination methods as conducting computer tomography of teeth, performing a jaw panoramic picture. They demonstrate the state of visible tissues and the bone structure, as well as hidden pathological conditions, what can be cysts, granulomas, etc. In the preparatory stage, a reorganization of the oral cavity can also be carried out, during which both teeth and gums are treated, if necessary. If necessary, consultation with related specialists is held. Also at the preparation stage, tests for the maintenance are carried out Glucose, the presence of hepatitis, syphilis and HIV infection. The specialist conducts modeling and development of surgical templates.
2. Second phase, surgical, consists in building bone tissue in the event that we notice its lack or atrophy, provoked most often by a long absence of one or more teeth. The close location of the maxillary sinuses also serves as the basis for building. The extension operation lasts for several hours, and the fabric can take root for a long time-3-4 months. Thus, at the second stage, preparation of bone and healing.
3. Directly implantation of implants. This is essentially implantation for which various technologies can be used. The third stage lasts for several days and for a whole year, while the implant takes root. During the implantation, a cut or a puncture of the gum is carried out, after which the so -called bed is formed in the bone with special equipment, in which the implant is fixed, and the plugs are formed on top. If a cut was carried out, then the gum is sutured after implanting the implant. At this stage, while healing is underway, the diet plays an important role - it should consist of soft food with the gradual introduction of solid foods. This is very important so that the design of the structure does not occur.
4. At the stage of installation of a metal profile, with which it occurs combining the implant with a prosthesis, it takes a little time - up to several minutes.
5. Process removing casts, during which the prosthetist is clarified by the type of structure, material, taking into account solvency and all the wishes of the patient.
6. Sam prosthetics is the final stage. The implants are designed both for the installation of individual, single tooth crowns, and for a full jaw covering the entire tooth row. By the way, prosthetics is possible a couple of days after implants were implanted. The main role in terms is played by the method that implantation is carried out.

Advantages of dental implants

• A prosthesis or bridge that is attached by teeth implantation does not slip and does not shift, which is of great importance in the process of food or conversation.
• Implants more similar to a natural tooth In sensation than a prosthesis or bridge.
• When installing the implant a neighboring tooth does not grindAs this happens during prosthetics.
• An intra -short implant for today is evaluated by dentists as the most reliable in operation.

Disadvantages of dental implantation

• A very significant factor that stops many is high cost Implants compared to other dental replacement operations.
• The presence of a sufficiently large amount contraindicationsbeating both absolute and temporary in nature.

What is needed for dental implantation?

• First of all, for the implantation process, it is necessary gum health and bone volumethat allows you to install the implant.
• Also an important condition is regular maintenance of the health of the oral cavity, as well as mandatory visits to the dentist.

How long do dental implants serve?

On average, the life of the teeth after implantation is from 10 to 20 years. Time depends on the place in which the implant is located, on how carefully the oral hygiene is observed, on the frequency of visits to the dentist.

• Less service life have implants that replacement for chewing teeth molar, because The load on them is large than on the front teeth.
• It should be noted that titanium implants are quite resistant to strong load. If they are installed correctly, then, provided that the oral cavity is daily hygiene can serve as a whole life.

Teeth implantation methods

• Two -stage recovery method, in which the load on the implant begins after complete engagement (osteointegration). On average, this takes from 3 months to six months, depending on which jaw is undergoing surgery (the upper requires more time). Due to the fact that the load on the jaw is absent for a long time, a lifting sinus is carried out, which is an increase in bone tissues near the maxillary sinuses.
• The method of one -stage protocol - This is a quick one -stage method in which dental implantation is combined with the process of tooth extraction. With all its convenience, such a method is not used very often, since after the tooth extraction, the doctor may well detect the presence of an inflammatory process. And, of course, until the complete cure of inflammation, further actions are impossible. If everything is in order, implants are installed. The method of simultaneous implantation in the absence of contraindications and risk factors provides an opportunity to establish an implant immediately after a spoiled tooth is removed, which significantly reduces the risk of bone atrophy, since bone tissues immediately receive the corresponding load.

3. Mini-implantation method, Which is a short -term restoration of a full dentition. Its purpose is to maintain removable prostheses for a certain period. This design uses the compound of the abutment (a kind of adapter connecting the implant and tooth crown) with an artificial root.
4. Basal implantation method It is a complex that allows the installation of about 14 artificial roots in a row.

Implantation methods in the complete absence of teeth

• "All-on-4". The number 4 in the name provides that 4 implants are installed in the cavity, which serve as a fastener for the prosthesis of all teeth. The implants are made of titanium and are ready to carry the load immediately after they were implanted. Installation of a fixed prosthesis occurs immediately. A feature of the method is the location of implants to maintain side teeth: bypassing the maxillary sinuses is an angle of 45 °. They are also consistent with abutments that are also tilted. This method is used if it is impossible to increase bone tissue. Most often, an acrylic prosthesis is installed, but at the request of the patient, a cermet or zirconium made of dioxide can be installed. Implants made of lightweight super -strength materials are put in two: in front and sides, and prostheses are attached with screws or a special cement.

• "All-on-6". This is a more perfect option “All-on-4”. In this method, vertical rods (two of them) are fixed ahead, and four implants are located in the chewing area. Their angle is 60 °. With this installation of implants, the load on the jaw during chewing is distributed more evenly. In this method, acrylic prostheses are also most often used, and after engaging them, they can be replaced with cermet or zirconium dioxide.

• Trefoil. The most modern implantation technology that allows you to restore the lower jaw. During the procedure, a constant prosthesis is attached on the titanium beam, while the basis is fully consistent with the shape of the jaw. Due to the fact that implants are used little, this method is relatively cheaper. They are installed, as in previous methods, prostheses from acrylic, cermet or zirconium dioxide.

What is installed on implants?

1. Installation of crowns. It is produced if implants are implanted for one or two teeth. If the teeth are absent for a long time, this process can stretch for a year, since bone tissue is largely atrophied.

• Having studied the state of bone tissue and checking the contraindications at the preparatory stage, go to sinus lifting. It can be carried out both along with implantation and a separate procedure. This is also not a quick process that can take several months. The next stage - implantation of implants, depending on how dense the bone tissue is, the usual or lightweight method is used.
• For osteointegration It will take an average of six months, depending on the characteristics of bone tissues. And after this, the cast of the oral cavity is made, the shade is selected using a special scanner. The crowns are attached to dental cement or a screw fixation method is used.

2. Installation of bridges. This method is used in the absence of more than 3 teeth. The bridge prosthesis is fixed on the titanium implant. Material for the manufacture of prosthesis - cermet, metal, zirconium dioxide. At the preparatory stage, possible contraindications and the state of bone tissue are studied, if necessary, the lifting sinus is performed, and then the treatment takes a longer time. The number of implants is affected by the size of the bridge, on average it is 2-4. When the design is mounted, the stage of osteointegration occurs.

• After that, implants are supplied with abutment, casts are removed from the jaw and prosthesis are made on it.
• The fixation of the toothbridge is carried out on dental cement.

Indications for teeth implantation

• Lack of teeth (one or more) in the smile area.
• The presence of included (i.e., visible in the middle of the teeth, located both in the front and in the back of the tooth arc) defects in the dentition.
• The presence of end (on the one hand of the dentition) one- and bilateral defects.
• The complete absence of teeth is an obvious indicator for teeth implantation.
• Inability for some reason to establish removable prostheses.

Contraindications for teeth implantation

• The presence of pathological conditions the mucous membrane of the mouth - Contraindication for teeth implantation.
• Available diseases of the circulatory system Due to the possible insufficient influx of oxygen, threatening bleeding, infection and implant rejection.
• Malignant tumors, in which implantation can lead to the progression of the disease and metastasis.
• Availability diseases of the central nervous system.
• Availability diabetes, in which a violation of tissue restoration is possible and, as a result, the implant can take root poorly.
• The patient is sick tuberculosis.
• In an involuntary grinding teeth in a dream - bruxism.
• Immunodeficiency, which arose during the transplantation of organs, due to taking cytostatics, as well as as a result of cancer surgery (chemotherapy, radiation). In this case, various inflammatory and infectious complications are possible.
• Allergic reaction On the introduction of anesthetics - it can cause anaphylactic shock and even lead to death.

Temporary contraindications for teeth implantation

• Period pregnancy and lactation, when the woman’s body absolutely does not need stress, extra drugs and surgical interventions.
• Available violation of the bite. It must first be fixed, after which to implant tooth implantation.
• Inflammation In the oral cavity and in the nasopharynx, which can lead to inflammation of the tissues surrounding the implant, causing perimplant and subsequently rejection of the structure.
• Chronic diseases and infections During the aggravation period, when immune defense decreases and the risk of inflammation and infection is growing.
• Bad habits - drinking alcohol, smoking. Extreme sports are not recommended to avoid the risk of injury.

Complications and consequences of dental implantation

• A complication may be office of implants. Therefore, it is necessary to install them only in specialized clinics, in qualified specialists who carefully study all the characteristics of the body and reveal the probability of rejection at the initial stage of preparation for dental implantation.
• Then the patient will be offered a different way to restore a beautiful smile. If there were no contraindications, but the rejection occurred, the cause may become allergic reaction, surgical trauma, lack of bone tissue, smoking.
• It can develop swellingwhich is most often a natural reaction to tissue damage during the procedure. If the edema remains enough for a long time, a week or more, and besides, hematomas appear, temperature rises, pain appears - you need to consult a doctor.
• Numbness It is quite normal in the first hours after the operation, since it is a consequence of anesthesia. If numbness remains and 5-6 hours after the procedure, it is quite possible that the front nerve is damaged.
• Permissible temperature rise - not higher than 37 ° C for 3 days. A higher or long -term temperature may indicate that the inflammatory process develops.

• Bleeding, if it is a small, quite possible reaction to the implantation procedure. If the blood cannot be stopped, the reason for this may be its low coagulation, increased pressure. It is better to contact a cardiologist.
• Perforation (piercing) the cavity of the nose and bottom of the maxillary sinus. This can happen if implantation of the upper teeth occurs in the event of an inaccurate breakdown of the partition between the two cavities. The hole must be restored.
• Possible seam divergence. The reason may be a doctor’s mistake during suturing or elementary non -compliance with the requirements.
• An inflamed gum - Frequent condition in the first three days after the procedure. If the temperature rises, the gum changes color, and well -being worsens, most likely we are talking about infection.
• Strong pain. Most often this happens if implantation was carried out on the lower jaw, and may be due to the fact that the facial nerve is suffered. An increase in and not passing in 2-3 days is a reason to seek help from a doctor.
• Periiimplantitis It is inflammation both in soft tissues and in bone. This can happen both as a result of the inconsistency of the size of the crown, and due to improper closure of the wound and non -compliance with hygiene.
• Inflammatory process It can lead to the formation of swollen abscess. When distinguishing pus from it, there is a danger of infection entering the body.
• In rare cases, with insufficient observance of oral hygiene, a consequence of implantation on the upper jaw may become sinusitis, in which the subordinate sinuses of the nose are inflamed.
• If the chewing load is incorrectly calculated and the implant is not complied a interruption of a pin. In this case, implantation is carried out again.

What to do so that there are no complications after teeth implantation?

• First of all, it is necessary to carefully and strictly observe all the recommendations that the doctor gave to you during teeth implantation.
• Before the procedure, you must be comprehensively examined to find out about possible contraindications, as well as prevent possible severe bleeding if you have increased blood pressure or poor blood coagulation.
• After the implantation procedure, it is necessary to apply compressesthat will help reduce pain and reduce swelling.
• For prevention of inflammation It is necessary to take drugs that the doctor will write out, including special dental pastes, antibiotic and anti -inflammatory drugs, antiseptics.
• It is not worth it, until I got the seam, drinking coarse, too cold or hot food.
• Do not touch the wound so as not to infect it or provoke damage to the seam.
• Avoid strong loads, temporarily postpone a visit to the sauna so that no external influences affect the seam healing process.
• In the event that any complication is still present, in no case do not try to treat it yourself. You must consult a doctor.

Restrictions for dental implantation

• The implantation of tooth implantation is not carried out to children until the age of 18 is reached, since the formation of bone tissue has not yet been completed.
• But the upper age threshold is not limited - it all depends on the condition of the patient.

Implantation of tooths: reviews

• Anna, 20 years: It's a shame at the age of twenty to lose a tooth! But this happened to me. Considering all prosthetics, I preferred implantation. And I do not regret it: the tooth looks like “native”, and externally, and to the touch. I liked the result so much that I could not resist and conducted my teeth whitening. Now I smile openly and try to do it as often as possible.
• Sergey, 35 years old: I had to change the entire upper jaw. The process was quite long, but nevertheless the result is worth it. For several months, of course, I was tormented, but now, without fear of gear, apples and chew the meat. At first I was afraid, but now I practically do not feel the difference between the upper and lower jaw, despite the fact that one of them is “non -native”.
• Andrey, 50 years: My teeth are strong enough, but the age affects, and now one “failed”. I immediately refused the thought of the bridge, because I did not want my teeth to grind nearby, because they are still good and healthy. Therefore, I stopped at the installation of the implant. Everything went well, fast and painless. Implant survey was also quick. The main thing is that after implantation I do not experience the slightest discomfort.

Articles about the teeth on the site:

• The best tablets from toothache
• 5 best ways to whiten teeth naturally at home
• White plaque in the gums after removal
• Is it necessary and dangerous to remove wisdom tooth
• Healthy tooth hurts: causes

Video: All about teeth implantation