What should every woman know about the causes of infertility, problems with conception?

This article describes the possible causes of infertility in men, women, girls.

The lack of pregnancy after one year of regular sexual contacts, with an average frequency of 3-4 sexual contact per week, without any contraceptive methods-is called infertility. This pathology is amazing 10-15% Steam of reproductive age. According to estimates, more than a million couples in Russia can suffer from the problem of infertility. There are two types of infertility: the inability to get pregnant and the inability to bear the child.

Read another article on the site on the topic: "Male infertility - Leocopermia". You will learn whether pregnancy is possible, as well as what treatment of leicospermia exists.

In this article, we will talk about the causes of infertility, problems with conception, that is, about the impossibility of getting pregnant.

Primary infertility: more often in men or women?

The causes of primary infertility can be found in both women and men. Supposed:

• What in 35% cases of the cause of the problem is a woman
• U 35% cases of anomalies lie on the shoulders of a man
• AT 10% Pathology pairs arise in both partners
• AT 20% cases are dealing with the infertility of inexplicable nature

The most common reasons for infertility include:

• Ovarian dysfunction
• Pathologies of the fallopian tubes
• Uterine diseases and its neck
• Deviations in the quantity, morphology and mobility of sperm

We will consider these and other reasons below. Read further.

Video: Female infertility - causes, diagnosis

Violation of ovulation: causes of female infertility

Objects of ovulation are a common cause of infertility in women. It can be caused by different factors. One of them is hormonal disorders, which include abnormal ripening of ovarian follicles, impaired functioning of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. It is necessary to control the indicators of hormones in the blood. But only the doctor prescribes a referral for examination, since he decides what tests should be taken to see the full picture of the disease.

Ovarian diseases in women and girls, cysts: causes of infertility in marriage and not only

Follicles of ovary in women and girls are structures located in the cortical layer of the ovary. Each such cell consists of an immature egg surrounded by granular cells and special liquid. The follicle is a place where the egg matures and then enters the fallopian tube during ovulation. It occurs cyclically, on average every 28 days.

When the maturation of the follicle is impaired, ovulation does not occur and fertilization does not occur. In this case, the doctor will talk about the causes of infertility in a woman in marriage and not only, namely about the disease of the ovaries. An example can serve polycystic ovary syndromewhose symptoms:

• Amenorrhea
• Hirsutism
• Anovulation
• Infertility

This syndrome is characterized by a decrease in production follicle -stimulating hormone (FSG)which is responsible for the maturation of follicles, and an increased level of testosterone. The doctor can also diagnose cysts on the ovaries - large or small.

It is worth noting: Treatment of ovarian dysfunction associated with changes in the endocrine system is the introduction of drugs that stimulate ovulation.

Diseases and disorders in the hypothalamus: the cause of infertility in a woman

The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that sends signals to the pituitary gland. He then sends hormonal urge to the ovaries, stimulating the maturation of follicles. In the case of pathological processes, the course of various diseases and disorders localized in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, the maturation of follicles is disrupted, which can lead to anovulation and infertility in a woman. This is one of the most common causes of infertility for many ladies.

Other ovarian lesions in women, girls: a possible cause of infertility

In addition to hormonal factors, physical damage to the ovaries, for example, during surgery, can also lead to ovulation disorders. This is one of the possible causes of infertility. Many operations, for example, with recurrent ovarian cysts, can damage the ovary capsule. Scars and adhesions formed inside the lesions disrupt the maturation of follicles and prevent ovulation. Inflammatory processes can also affect the ovarian work in a woman, a girl in a similar way.

Tubar factor: the most common cause of pipe infertility in women

The phallopian pipes are a place where the egg is fertilized. Inflammatory processes in appendages and abdominal surgery can lead to the formation of a scar tissue called a adhesive process. This is called a tubar factor. This is one of the most common causes of pipe infertility in women.

Spikes can distort or even block the lumen of the fallopian tubes, blocking the ingress of sperm into the egg and thereby preventing fertilization. Treatment consists in the surgical removal of adhesions or the use of auxiliary reproductive technologies.

Uterine factor, myoma, polyps: a common problem of infertility in women and the impossibility of pregnancy

The fertilized egg moves from the uterine pipe to the uterine cavity, where it is implanted (introduced) into the mucous membrane of this organ. Anomalies such as hypoplasia, double -haired uterus, intrauterine partition, adhesions, polyps or fibroids, can interfere with the implantation process or cause premature miscarriage. This is called the doctors with a uterine factor. Such pathologies are a common problem of infertility in women and the inability to get pregnant.

Treatment includes surgical or endoscopic procedures.

Cervical factor: one of the causes of infertility in women, diagnostics, treatment, extorporepical fertilization (eco)

The correct amount and consistency of cervical mucus determines the exact movement of sperm in the female genital tract. The inflammatory processes of the vagina, the hormonal ovarian dysfunction or immune factors, change the parameters of the mucus, thereby violating the movement of spermatozoa. This is the cervical factor - one of the causes of infertility in women. Diagnosis includes testing and ultrasound.

The course of treatment includes:

• Anti -inflammatory drugs
• Steroids
• Estrogens
• Intrauterine insemination

In case of inefficiency of the above methods - extracorporeal fertilization (IVF).

Endometriosis: Frequent cause of infertility in women, girls, symptoms

This disease in women and girls is characterized by the presence of pathological cells in the uterine mucosa (endometrium). These cells can also be located in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder, intestines or wall wall. One of the most common causes of infertility. It is worth noting that the cervix or vaginal set can be amazed much less often. There are also cases of endometritis in the lungs and even in the eye.

Symptoms of the disease:

• An abnormally located endometrium reacts to hormonal changes occurring in the menstrual cycle, and periodically exfoliates, causing bleeding.
• This entails an inflammatory reaction, which leads to the formation of scars and adhesions.
• These changes cause pain and make pregnancy make it difficult.
• Painful menstruation, bleeding in the middle of the cycle are the main symptoms of endometriosis.

For women suffering from such a pathology, pharmacological or surgical treatment is used. Pharmacotherapy involves taking hormonal and analgesic drugs. Surgical treatment allows you to remove foci affected by a painful process.

Male factor: signs, causes of infertility in young men, husbands in marriage, prostatitis, treatment

Sometimes it happens that women's pregnancy problems fall on a man. The testicles located in the scrotum are responsible for the production of sperm (spermatogenesis). So that this process proceeds normally, t ° testicular must be 1-2 degreesbelow normal body temperature. It follows that all the factors that increase this indicator in the testicles negatively affect the quality of sperm, and hence the fertility of the man.

• A sedentary lifestyle, work at elevated temperatures, wearing close underwear or a frequent visit to the sauna - All this violates the normal functioning of the epithelium forming sperm.
• This is called a male factor, which is one of the main causes of infertility in young men, husbands in marriage.

There are practically no external signs of male infertility. But, if we are talking about pathologies, such as prostatitis, then the man will be disturbed by difficult urination, pain, etc.

Not only the temperature can affect the process of sperm production. Other important factors affecting its quality include:

• Ionizing radiation
• Chemicals - oil, varnishes, welding gases
• Medicines - some antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, steroids

Diagnostics and treatment:

• It is necessary to analyze sperm to confirm or exclude the role of a male factor in infertility.
• Before passing sperm, abstinence from sex is recommended for 2-3 days.
• The volume of the material should be more than 2 ml. The test determines the number of sperm, their morphology and mobility.

The detection of deviations as a sperm does not exclude the possibility of a couple to have children. Auxiliary reproductive methods in the form come to the rescue extracorporeal fertilization in conjunction with intracitoplasmic injection technique.

Video: Male infertility 1 hour (reasons)

Video: Male infertility h 2. (Diagnosis and treatment)

Idiopathic infertility in men and women: a popular cause of the problem

Approximately at 20% pairs It is impossible to establish a clear cause of infertility. When, despite the presence of regular menstruation, normal ovulation and lack of anomalies in the ovaries, fallopian tubes and the uterus, a woman cannot become pregnant, her infertility is diagnosed for an unknown reason.

In this case, if problems with pregnancy last more than 2 years - Then it is recommended to use auxiliary reproductive methods - IVF, etc.

Problems with bearing a baby, conception

Infertility is not only a problem with pregnancy, but also the impossibility of bearing a baby, conception, which means that the egg will be removed from the uterus to 22nd week pregnancy. Problems such as early miscarriages are most often caused by genetic defects in the fetal egg, hormonal disorders in a pregnant woman and anatomical anomalies, mainly uterus.

Other factors that can cause loss of pregnancy in the early stages include:

• Thyroid disease
• Infections
• Toxic environment
• The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies
• Metabolic disorders
• The age of the woman

It is important to establish the cause of the miscarriage. In some cases, the use of appropriate treatment can completely eliminate the problem of infertility.