Lyme disease: what is it, who is the causative agent, symptoms, forecast

Lima tick -borne is a serious pathology. Read the article to know the symptoms and what forecasts after the treatment of the disease.

Lyme disease - A very serious disease. It is sometimes called tick -borne disease, and this is a chronic disease with a very uncharacteristic course. Lyme disease alternately affects the skin, blood, respiratory, nervous and motor systems. Its treatment requires taking antibiotics, but you can help yourself with the help of herbs and diet, rich in nutrients necessary for more rapid recovery.

What is lime disease in children, adults, tick -borne borreliosis: who is the pathogen, a bite of which tick, photo

Lyme disease, otherwise, chronic migrating erythema or tick -borne borreliosis -according to ICD -10 (international classification of diseases of the 10th revision) belongs to infectious and parasitic diseases.

• Damage to the skin and joints, cardiovascular and nervous system caused by spirochet Borrelia (first isolated and described by Willy Burgdorfer in 1982), characterizes the course of this disease.
• The causative agent penetrates into the human body with a bite of an ixodic tick. Although its source is animals both wild and home.
• The disease has a clear seasonal character (warm season).

Higher in the photo Ixodic tick - The carrier Borrelia Burgdorferi. Lyme disease in children and adults is tick -borne disease. It should be remembered that these arachnids live on low bushes and in the grass.

It is worth knowing: There are a number of tests to identify Lime's disease, but not one of them gives an accurate diagnosis 100%.

Lyme disease - chronic and systemic disease. This means that its effect is felt almost throughout the body. Initially, in some infected people it can cause only a skin symptom, the so -called "Wandering Erythema". Conducting antibacterial therapy at this stage gives a good prognosis. The later the treatment is started, the more organs and tissues will be affected spirochetes lime. The complications that this can lead to are more dangerous than the symptoms of Lime's disease.

This group includes:

• Inflammation of the heart
• Dilatation cardiomyopathy
• Inflammation of the facial nerve
• Chronic encephalitis
• Hearing impairment and arthritis

Another serious consequence of this disease is meningitis. People suffering from a chronic form of Lyme disease experience chronic fatigue, bones and joint pain.

Lyme disease: Stages

Select 3 stages The course of the disease with various manifestations and severity. Between the periods of pronounced clinical symptoms, long relatively calm gaps can be observed. Here are the stages lyme disease:

Stage of local manifestations of infection:

• Arrives after 1-2 weeks After the bite of the tick is characterized by local manifestations of infection - redness in the bite, rashes, itching, and general intoxication of the body, weakness, fever, headache, muscles and bones.
• Rare cases with the lack of symptoms in the first stage of the disease are noted.
• U 20% only erythema (redness) is observed, often undergoing without medical intervention and leaving peeling and pigmentation.
• Despite the external well -being, the lack of treatment leads to the further development of Lime's disease.
• The duration of the stage is from 3 to 30 days.

Stage of early thesis (distribution):

• After 1-3 months Tick \u200b\u200b-borne borreliosis passes into the second stage - the time of active distribution of the pathogen through the human body.
• It is characterized by the simultaneous damage to the bone muscular, nervous, cardiovascular systems and skin.
• The course of the disease at this stage is sufficiently serious with the emergence of life -threatening conditions.

Stage of chronic borreliosis:

• After the lapse of 6 months and the absence of adequate treatment, the third stage develops lyme diseasecharacterized by a chronic form.
• Deep lesions of the joints, internal organs, violations in the functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous system, often cause partial or complete disability.

In addition to the unit at the stage of tick -borne borreliosis, it is classified:

By form on:

• Manifest - with bright clinical symptoms
• Latent - There are no painful manifestations, the diagnosis is confirmed laboratory

By clinical signs:

• Erytematic form
• Ever -eero form

At the place of predominant defeat:

• Organs of the musculoskeletal system
• Skin
• Nervous system
• Hearts and blood vessels
• Combined

By severity:

• On the light
• Medium severity
• Heavy
• Extremely heavy

To make the correct diagnosis and determine what stage the disease is in, only the doctor will be able to. The main thing is to turn to a specialist in a timely manner so as not to launch a pathology, but to cure in a timely manner.

Lyme disease: pathogenesis, incubation period

The duration of the incubation period of the disease from 1 to 30 days, More often than one or two weeks. Lyme disease It has a seasonal character and coincides with the activity of ticks that are carriers of Borrelia. Pathogenesis of pathology:

• The input gate of infection entering the body is the skin at the place of bite of the tick.
• Perhaps the penetration of pathogens when crushing insects on the damaged surface of the skin.
• Borrelia, penetrating under the skin of a person with blood flow, quickly spread throughout the body.
• As a result of the partial death of pathogens, endotoxin is released, sometimes causing severe intoxication.
• Spirochet penetrates the joints, internal organs, lymphatic glands, brain shells. At the same time, the production of specific antibodies begins, which causes immune reactions.

Unfortunately, the immune response without the time of treatment may not always protect against flowing the disease into a chronic form. Although, when examining, some people who have not painted borreliosis, the presence of antibodies in the bloodstream is found lyme disease. This indicates a strong protective reaction of the body that can cope with the disease on its own.

Nonetheless until 6 % Boiled by ticks get sick with borreliosis. The generated immunity is not lifelong, a re -infection is possible, after 5-7 years.

Lyme disease: signs, symptoms in people

Symptoms lyme disease People are divided into:

• Skin
• Joint
• Symptoms of damaged organs
• Neurological symptoms (neuroborreliosis)

They are paroxysmal and change over time. Most often, symptoms of different types intersect.

Symptoms lyme disease Very uncharacteristic. Therefore, it is difficult to conclude that a person suffers from this disease. In children, pathology proceeds in the same way as in adults. The difference is only in the severity of symptoms - in children it is somewhat softer.

It is worth noting:

• The first symptom lyme disease Usually it is a migrating erythema that appears in the place where the tick clung to the body.
• The appearance of red, diverging spots on the skin, approximately after 1-3 weeks After a bite.
• This change will disappear in itself approximately after 4 weeks.
• But you should be careful! The absence of migrating erythema does not mean that a person has not become ill with a disease.

The nature of the symptoms:

• Symptoms of infection can manifest itself quickly and widely vary.
• Joint pain can appear, for example, for 3 weeksand then spontaneously diverging, causing discomfort of another system, such as cardiovascular.
• The paroxysmal and tingling in the limbs are also characteristic.

Read more:

Skin symptoms:

• As mentioned above, the first sign that may indicate the disease is the migrating erythema.
• Erythema is a round or oval red ring formation with a diameter about 1.5 cm, appearing at the site of the bite of the tick.
• Contrary to its name, Erythema does not migrate, but only increases.
• In its surface, blisters and even necrotic lesions may appear, from which the skin will become brown.

Other skin symptoms:

• Lymphocytic lymphoma is a painless tumor of red and blue, located in the auricle, on a nipple or in a scrotum.
• Chronic atrophic dermatitis-red-gray spots on the legs, is rare, and with development more often manifests itself in children.

Symptoms of joints and arthritis:

• Arthritis is one of the most common symptoms, sometimes manifested immediately after the appearance of erythema.
• The knee or ankle joint is affected.
• The joint hurts and hardens.
• As a result, the surface of the joints can also be damaged.

Internal lesions:

• Changes in organs are difficult to diagnose.
• Typically, several organs are involved at the same time.
• This condition causes symptoms imitating a cold or influenza.
• There is heat, chills and strong sweating.

In addition, there are still such ailments as:

• Sharp weight loss for no apparent reason
• Limiting the physical preparation and performance of the body
• Numbness of the limbs
• Paralysis of taste sensations
• Muscle tics, for example, on the face

Neurological symptoms - neuroborreliosis:

• Symptoms from the central nervous system appear very quickly.

Neurobiological symptoms include:

• Meningitis
• Inflammation of the cranial nerves - as a result, facial features may change
• Conjunctivitis
• Temporary visual impairment
• Numbness and tingling in hands
• Hypersensitivity to touch
• Chronic encephalomyelitis
• Depression
• Trembling of the limbs and the whole body
• Unusual epileptic seizures
• Violation of concentration
• Psychosis
• Stupor

It's important to know: Changes in the brain are constant and irreversible.

Other symptoms:

• The disease is distinguished by a non -specific course and a huge variability of the clinical picture.
• This is a condition that is disguised by imitating other diseases.

She can cause:

• Chronic fatigue
• Hypersensitivity to alcohol
• Pain in the neck
• Reduced body temperature
• Hearing and vision violations
• Attacks of dementia
• Menstrual cycle disorders
• Impotence
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Hair loss

Spirals first attack the epithelium. For example, skin, gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, then nerve cells, endothelial tissues and connective tissue. Therefore, they quickly spread throughout the body, affecting almost all organs.

What tests should be taken for lime disease: diagnosis, blood test for tick -borne borreliosis

The information content of blood tests for tick -borne borreliosis immediately after infection is negligible. That is why only a doctor-infectious disease specialist can determine the presence of a disease. When conducting diagnostics lyme disease An epidemiological history is very important: the presence of an insect bite, visiting in the warm season of places of possible habitat of ticks. At the initial stage of the disease, the diagnosis is made on the basis of early clinical manifestations - migrating erythema in the area of \u200b\u200bbite and flu -like state. What tests should be taken for lyme disease? What is the diagnosis?

In the presence of stable clinical symptoms to clarify the diagnosis,:

• Blood examination (synovial fluid or cerebrospinal fluid) by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) - is carried out no earlier than 10 days the course of the disease.
• ELISA of blood (immunosorbent analysis) that determines the presence of antibodies to the pathogen - at 3-4 weeks diseases.
• Clinical blood test.
• Blood chemistry.

With the further development of the disease, they can be additionally prescribed:

• Ultrasound of the affected organs
• X -ray of the affected joints
• Electro and echocardiogram
• Electroencephalogram and others

It should be remembered: Antibodies in the blood can be detected not only in patients, but also in healthy people.

The disease may not show any characteristic symptoms. It happens that it resembles an ordinary cold. There is no diagnostic method that would allow 100% Confirm this type of disease. Migrating Erythema is a symptom that helps diagnose the disease at an early stage. Unfortunately, almost 40 percent of peopleLime -infected with spirochetes, do not have a single symptom.

Lyme chronic disease: clinical recommendations

Clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic lyme disease They are developed by leading world infectious disease specialists, for example, the National Institute of Health and the Quality of Medical Assistance (Nice). They contain both general information about the disease, its pathogens and carriers, as well as specific recommendations for diagnosis, including laboratory, treatment with a description of the conduct tactics.

• Russian experts also developed clinical recommendations on lyme disease With information on the epidemiology of the disease, methods of diagnosis, treatment, subsequent dispensary observation and prevention.
• This manual contains criteria for assessing the quality of assistance.
• A separate application provides information about the prevention of the disease.

This is a document describing the disease, methods of penetrating the pathogen into the body, its carriers, and the temporary interval of their activity. Here, recommendations for human actions are also given when ticks are detected.

Chronic lime disease in children, adults: treatment of borreliosis with antibiotics, other drugs

In the treatment of chronic lime disease - borreliosis, in children and adults, the start of treatment is of dominant importance. The early start of therapy helps to avoid the development of complications. Treatment is carried out in the infectious diseases department of the hospital, in mild uncomplicated cases - outpatiently. The treatment should be complex, including not only suppression of infection, but also maintaining the viability and functioning of the affected organs.

Medication treatment of tick -borne borreliosis includes:

• Antibacterial therapy

It is important to start treatment as early as possible. The effectiveness of antibiotics and other drugs in the later stages decreases several times, but remains necessary. In the early stages with manifesting skin changes, antibiotics of a number of tetracyclines are prescribed. With joining lesions of the bone muscular, nervous and cardiovascular systems-antibacterial agents of a number of penicillins and cephalosporins.

If intolerance is noted to the above antibiotics, macrolides are prescribed. In parallel with antibacterial treatment, a course of probiotics is required to restore the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract.

• Detoxification therapy

One of the symptoms of borreliosis is the strongest intoxication, due to the poisoning of the body with endotoxins. For their elimination from the body, plenty of drink and detoxification drugs are used.

• Symptomatic treatment

With severe pain, the disease requires the use of analgesics and non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs. With pronounced fever - antipyretic drugs; Allergic reactions - antihistamines, disorders of the nervous system - immunosuppressants.

• General strengthening therapy

To strengthen immunity, vitamins and immunostimulants are used.

Important to remember: In case of disorders of the nervous system - immunostimulants are not used.

As additional treatment - to relieve inflammation in the joints, normalization of blood circulation, and the nervous system, physiotherapeutic treatment is used. The most common, used procedures are:

• Electrophoresis
• Magnetotherapy
• UHF
• Hydrotherapy
• Physiotherapy

Compliance with a special diet is not required.

What after the disease of lime, tick bite: forecasts, consequences in children, adults, is it possible to recover?

Not every tick bite leads to the development of the disease, but any case requires observation. The prognosis of the development of the disease and the consequences in children and adults is directly related to the time of treatment. What after lime illness, is it possible to recover?

• With timely and competently conducted therapy, the prognosis is favorable, and ends with recovery.
• With a protracted start of treatment, it is possible to develop severe lesions of internal organs and systems that lead to disability.

The most common complications lyme disease are becoming:

• Deforming arthritis with degenerative changes in joints
• Decrease in performance
• Memory deterioration, mnestic functions
• Development of dementia
• Manifestation of arrhythmias
• Violation in the work of the peripheral nervous system, up to paralysis

Features of the course of the disease in children:

• The course of the disease in children is distinguished by more frequent damage to the nervous system.
• During illness, babies have lesions of the trigeminal and facial nerves, which leads to severe pain, paresis of the face.
• After recovery in childhood, consequences are often observed in the form of a variety of sleep disturbances and hyper -excitability.

Important to remember: During the first year after recovery, which have been ill with tick -borne borreliosis, should be observed with an infectious disease specialist, undergoing periodic examinations by a cardiologist, neurologist, rheumatologist.

Lyme disease: can you get infected from mice, another sick person?

Ways of infection lyme's disease:

• Directly during the bite, through the saliva of an ixodic tick.
• When combing and random rubbing the feces of the insect.
• If the contents of the intestinal of the insect when it is crushed in the micro wound.
• Rarely, but it is possible to infect in food of raw milk (often goat) from an infected animal.
• Cases of transmission of infection from a pregnant mother to a child (fetus) are recorded.

Tick \u200b\u200b-shaped borreliosis is not transmitted from man to person, excluding the path from mother to fruit. Experts also argue that such a pathology can also be infected from mice that are carriers or can hurt themselves.

Lyme disease: Can you not notice the tick?

Ixodic ticks, falling on the skin of a person or animal, choose a place of suction for a couple of hours. A conventional bite site is the surface of the skin with a surface arrangement of blood vessels.

As a rule, the detection of arthropod occurs after 6-12 hoursWhen there is a feeling of itching and saddiness. The moment of the bite is often not felt by a person, since the tick saliva contains anesthetic substances. Therefore, the tick can not be noticed, but the bite site is then inflamed and itching. That is why, after visiting the forest, it is necessary to conduct a self -examination of the whole body and clothing in order to protect yourself from lyme disease. You should also wash all your bodies and cross your clothes.

Lyme and tick -borne encephalitis: General and differences

By symptoms lyme disease And tick -borne encephalitis is similar, but there are differences. To facilitate comparison, we present a table. Here are the general and the differences of these two pathologies:

Lima tick -borne disease: infection prevention

Specific prevention of infection today does not exist. Therefore, non -specific prevention measures that prevent the suction of ticks, as well as their detection and removal, come to the fore.

Rules to provide maximum protection against tick lyme disease:

• Avoiding visiting the habitats of ticks - with high grass and thick shrubs, especially in May and June.
• The use of repellates containing DET.
• When visiting the forest, it is recommended to wear clothes with long sleeves, trousers tucked in socks.
• Clothing is preferable to light color for light detection of insects. Be sure to clean the hair under a headdress.
• Constant examination of clothing for the detection of ticks.
• Carrying out the inspection of the body and the scalp of the head when returning from the forest.
• Mandatory change of clothing with its subsequent inspection, shaken and washing in hot water.

If a sucked tick is detected, it must be removed as quickly as possible, since the probability of infection depends on the duration of its suction. The place of the bite must be treated with a disinfectant. And see the doctor urgently.

Lyme disease in dogs: how to treat?

In nature, it is the vertebrates who are natural owners Borrelia Burgdorferi. It is both wild - deer, birds, rodents, and domestic - cattle, dogs, cats, rabbits. And although beloved pets can get sick with tick -borne borreliosis, a person cannot become infected from them even with close contact. The exception is cases of removal of ticks from the hair of the dog. This is necessary to do this, observing precautions and always in gloves.

• With a disease, the dog may have severe lesions of the musculoskeletal and central nervous system.
• Dogs, unlike people, are at a greater risk of infection, since human preventive measures are not applicable to them.
• Plus, it can be difficult to detect a tick on this animal with thick and long wool.

Even a very attentive owner can be difficult to understand that the animal fell ill. The incubation period is about 2 months, and the first stage lyme disease, often proceeds asymptomatic. The second stage lasting up to six months is characterized by:

• The oppressed condition of the dog
• High temperature
• Loss of appetite

Leads to such factors:

• Lameness
• Dermatitis
• The occurrence of subcutaneous tumors
• Meningitis and encephalitis
• Renal failure

The third stage lyme disease leads to irreversible changes in the heart and central nervous system. Like a person, the prognosis depends on the start time of treatment. Therapy is carried out by antibiotics and non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs.

Prevention measures for dogs from tick bites:

• Special collars - validity from two to 6 monthsThe wearing is continuous.
• Drops on the withers - validity up to 1 month.
• Sprays of short -term action.

Prevention measures are selected taking into account the characteristics of the animal. But, none of the measures guarantees complete protection. And in the warm season, it is necessary to carefully examine the dog after each walk, paying special attention to the ear areas, areas of the neck and armpits.

Famous people with Lyme's disease: Avril Lavin, Justin Bieber, Bella Hadid, Ashley Olsen, Billy Ailish

Unfortunately, lyme disease A fairly common disease and many celebrities met him. Some famous people talked about their illness.

• Justin Bieber

The singer said that it was Borreliosis that caused a pause in work, poor appearance and well -being.

• Avril lavigne

In her interview, the singer said that for several months during her illness she did not get out of bed. After the victory over the disease, the artist organized a assistance fund for those suffering lyme's disease.

• Ashley Olsen

The actress hid her illness for a long time. But in 2015, information appeared on one of the influential sites that Ashley had an advanced stage of the disease. So far, it remains unknown whether Ashley managed to completely overcome the disease.

• Bella Hadid

In August, the model shared the history of her illness. Borreliosis has been pursuing her for 8 years, Bella has not yet been able to defeat him completely.

• Bella's mother and sister Gigi Hadid

During the long time, they suffered from a disease, but after a long treatment they were able to overcome the disease - remission occurred. Mother said that Lyme's disease is pursuing their family, her brother Anvar is also treated from her.

• Billy Ailish

The young singer, as well as a fan of Justin Bieber, the Internet networks also attribute Lyme's disease that her idol suffers. The girl herself does not comment on this yet. According to her, she suffers only to the syndrome of Tours.

Remember that Lyme's disease is not a sentence, do not delay a visit to a doctor and treatment. Your health is in your hands, remember this. Good luck!

Video: if the tick is bitten: emergency prevention of lime disease

Read on the topic:

• Why does a tick bite scratch?
• Tick \u200b\u200bbites: symptoms, tips, prevention
• Vaccination from tick -borne encephalitis: vaccination scheme
• Demodecosis - lodging tick in a dog
• The dog was bitten by the tick: the first signs