Human eggs: structure, functions, diseases

Oviduct In mammals in biology, this is a paired organ connecting the cavity of the uterus with the peritoneum. Named after the scientist Anatom from Italy of the 16th century Gabrielle Fallopy, who first described this organ. The phallopian pipes provide the advance of the egg released from the ovary during ovulation, towards the uterus, and the advance of sperm in the opposite direction.

Back view:

Front section:

The uterus is opened:

The eggs in a person look like pipes with a characteristic finger -shaped elongation at one end. The phallopian pipes pass inside the upper edge of the wide ligament and open into the abdominal cavity near the ovaries. Each fallopian tube has a length about 10 cm And one centimeter width. Here is a photo:

The phallopian pipes take eggs fired from the ovaries and transfer them to the uterus. They are also a place where the egg is fertilized by a male reproductive cell, that is, sperm. They allow the egg to go from the ovaries to the uterus, since they are a link between these organs. But this is where their role does not end.

Women's eggs: the structure, of which consists, part, scheme

Above the diagram it can be seen that the right fallopian tube - the egg ovidister - lies near the process, the left, respectively, on the other hand, near the sigmoid colon, that is, one of the parts of the colon. Both are covered with the peritoneum that protects them. The wall of the fallopian tube is designed in such a way as to facilitate the process and safe transfer of the egg to the uterine cavity for implantation. Below are the parts of this organ and the structure.

The wall of the fallopian tube consists of three layers:

1. The mucous membrane external serous membrane.
2. A layer of smooth muscles In the wall of the fallopian tube, it allows rhythmic contractions in the direction of the uterus. It is these movements that allow the egg or embryo to move through the phallopium pipes to the uterus.
3. The walls of the fallopian tube They are lined with cells equipped with cilia, small brush -shaped protrusions that “stretch” the egg to the uterus.

Cells without cilia lying in deep crypts of the inner layout of the phallopium pipes are secreted to power the egg and spermatozoa that passed through the phallopian pipes. The production of uterine fluid begins even before ovulation. It resembles a blood serum, rich in potassium, chlorides and immunoglobulins, which are food for an embryo or egg.

It is worth knowing: The hormones produced by the ovaries affect the mucous membrane of the fallopian tubes, and their activity depends on the phase of the menstrual cycle. For example, progesterone increases the amount of mucus secreted.

Anatomically, each uterine pipe is divided into the following parts:

1. Funnel - This is part, closest to the ovary. It resembles a funnel in shape, but the edges are uneven. That is why they are called the hypers of the fallopian tubes. The gifs wrap the ovaries and swim in the abdominal cavity. The longest of the GIF is connected to the surface of the ovarian with a funnel-ivic bunch. This allows you to capture the egg that was produced, and then released from the ovary, and insert it into the fallopian tube.
2. Bulb - The longest, wide and thick part of the fallopian tube. Here the egg is fertilized most often.
3. Strait - A short and narrow part. He has thick walls. It happens that it is here that the embryo can get stuck and a pipe pregnancy develops with the risk of breaking the fallopian tube.
4. The uterine part - This is the shortest segment of the fallopian tube.

The phallopian pipes have a very rich vascularization emanating from the ovaries and the uterine arteries. These vessels are connected, forming arterial arcs. The vein system that collects blood from the fallopian tube is a mirror display of arteries supplying the fallopian tube.

The phallopian pipes are functions, what does the oviduct do: how is fertilization?

The phallopian pipes transport the egg from the moment of its capture after ovulation before the emrion delivery to the uterus. They are also responsible for the food of the egg during this trip. This is one of the most important functions. What else does the oviduct do, how is fertilization?

• For fertilization, the fallopian tubes also help spermatozoa move to the ovary and egg, and secretory cells feed male gametes.
• They provide them with such an environment that they can prepare for fertilization of the egg.
• This is an important function of the fallopian tubes, because, leaving the male body, spermatozoa cannot fertilize the cage. They should do this only in the fallopian tube.

The process of sperm processing includes, among other things, changes in the structure and chemical composition of the membrane of sperm, which allow it to penetrate the egg.

Fallopiyev pipes: illness, inflammation of the egg

There are many pathologies of the phallopium pipes. Doctors identify several of the most common:

Illumination of the egg:

• Gynecologists call this disease oophorite - inflammation of the fallopian tube.
• It is usually accompanied by bilateral pains in the lower abdomen, which are asymmetric and can be given to the groin and even in the thigh or lower back. Sometimes a high temperature occurs.

Salpingitis:

• The causes are usually infections that fall from the vagina or uterus.
• Frequent causes of this disease are infections such as gonorrhea and chlamydia.
• Inflammation of the ovary affects its outer shell.
• A typical symptom of salpingitis is burning or constant pain in the lower abdomen, around the appendages.
• Additional symptoms of the disease include abundant discharge from the vagina, bleeding, constipation, colic, nausea, vomiting, difficult urinating and increasing body temperature.

The obstruction of the fallopian tubes:

• This is one of the most common causes of infertility.
• There are no characteristic symptoms of obstruction of the fallopian tubes. Usually it is detected only in diagnosis, when difficulties with pregnancy occur.
• Often the cause of obstruction is spikes formed after inflammation.
• These inflammatory processes are also facilitated by the procedures carried out in the area of \u200b\u200bthe fallopian tubes (not necessarily gynecological), in the small pelvis, but also in the abdominal cavity.
• The obstruction of the fallopian tubes is also threatened by endometriosis - a disease in which parts of the uterine mucosa fall into other organs, such as uterine pipes that can literally be clogged.

Pipe hydrocephalus:

• It develops when blocking the outflow of liquid contents in the fallopian tube.
• The accumulation of fluid causes edema.

The abscess of the fallopian tube:

• If the contents of the fallopian tube are purulent, this is not a hydraulic, but an empyema of the fallopian tube.

Hematosalpinx:

• It develops when blocking the outflow of blood in the fallopian tube.

RAC of the fallopian tube:

• A rare malignant neoplasm, difficult to diagnose. Bilateral arises in 10-27% of cases.

Now you have all the necessary information about the anatomy and diseases of the fallopian tubes. She will help make a presentation, message or report. Good luck!

Video: fallopian tube | Elementary histology

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