What is human socialization: concept, species, stages, forms, factors. Why is socialization important for a person?

Each person exists in the conditions of society, being a person and representing the unity of individual characteristics. In the process of life of each person, socialization is important. In our article we will tell you what this process is and what features it has.

Socialization is such a process without which it is impossible to live in society. Everyone has certain qualities that he receives in the process of life. They just help him live in society. We decided to figure out what is the process of socialization, as well as what features it possesses.

What is human socialization: concept

Human socialization is a process of obtaining a set of character qualities, without which a full -fledged existence in society is impossible. It takes place when human interaction with the external environment, as well as other members of society.

The result of the process is the transformation of a person into a full -fledged personality. So, during his life, a person accumulates experience and knowledge that make him change and develop his own features and manners of behavior and communication. At the same time, it cannot be said that socialization is a process that has some kind of completion. The fact is that it passes throughout life. Moreover, regardless of age, people tend to overestimate their views.

It is also necessary to take into account the fact that socialization is bilateral. That is, a person not only accumulates certain knowledge and experience, but also ensures the formation of relations between people. In the process of communication, personal addictions and preferences begin to form in people. At the same time, the individual always tries on the functions characteristic of society.

Since people are very rarely alone and live in a collective life, the question of a person’s entry into society never loses relevance. And it is socialization that is the process that allows you to join the existing social groups.

Why is socialization important for a person?

So, human socialization is a process of entering a person into society and becoming part of it. One of the most important aspects is the study of culture, traditions, laws and so on. Socialization is important because without it it is impossible to become part of society. As a rule, people are always susceptible to this process and participate in it without even noticing it. In any case, it will not be possible to completely abstract from society.

Where is the primary and secondary socialization of a person?

There is such a thing as the primary and secondary socialization of a person.

• Primary socialization, as a rule, they are also called nursery. This process occurs unconsciously. It is simply that various factors influence the child and with their help it assimilates certain norms of behavior. At the same time, parents, educators and relatives act in this case. The older the child becomes, the more conscious he becomes. As a result, after reaching a certain age, he can reject some norms of behavior and behave differently than the rest. So, he receives the right to choose his own line of behavior. At the same time, the first place where the first social qualities are formed is the family.
• As for secondary socialization, then this already happens when the child is growing up. In any case, he continues to absorb public norms of behavior. And here secondary socialization begins, when you have to get used to different teams. For example, the child enters the university, where another society and new norms of behavior are already. They have to match. It is much more complicated when a person moves to another country, because in this case you have to change habits and accept new traditions, which is quite difficult. Often people cannot cope without professional help.

How human socialization goes: Stages

Human socialization does not pass immediately. This is a rather complicated process that takes place in several stages. To begin with, social adaptation should undergo. In other words, a person still needs to adapt to the conditions of the social environment in which he is located. In general, it is believed that adaptation takes place in three levels - physiological, psychological and directly social.

• Physiological. At this stage, a person looks at a new environment, begins to enter into some connections and evaluate his own capabilities. All this in the future will help him to realize. At this time, a person actively communicates and gets used to new rules for himself, and then he begins to make some efforts taken in this team.
• Individualization. At this stage, a person already accepts himself as part of society. Actually, at this time a person is already being formed. A person has some of his own beliefs, skills, he begins to evaluate what is happening in his own way. If at the first stage a person learns to be like others, then in the second he is already learning to differ. Although, this process is considered subjective. The fact is that everyone in their own way assimilates general rules and experience. Someone observes them strictly, but someone on the contrary. Some try to overcome stereotypes, and someone even destroy the foundations of the group, as a result of which a person either finds himself outside it or destroys it.
• Integration. This term means that the personality is accepted by other members of society, that is, it becomes a full part of it. Society, as it were, accepts a person and tries to accept him as it is, if he at least lives according to general rules. The process is more successful if a person is useful for society. Then even shortcomings will be forgiven.

It is important to note that the complete absence of inconsistencies is extremely undesirable, at least in developed societies. The fact is that conformism is one of the forms of deviant behavior, because there is no benefit from a person for society. Each society has a certain degree of freedom, but only within the framework of the foundations of the group. However, in undeveloped societies, such behavior is only welcome, and an attempt to behave differently is suppressed.

What is human socialization: forms

It is important to know in what forms the socialization of a person is. In general, two main ones are distinguished.

• Blast. The formation of personality is performed spontaneously when the nearest social environment affects a person. Then a person has certain qualities. Therefore, it is spontaneous. At the same time, relatives, friends and colleagues are the environment.
• Directed. In this case, a special method of influence is provided, that is, people are specially attached to some values \u200b\u200band qualities that are important for society. In particular, this applies to education. Parents from childhood put a certain set of values \u200b\u200band attitudes to children, so that in the future the perception of the world is formed, which allows you to become part of society. In other words, parents prepare a child for life in society.

Forms of socialization can be connected, but there may be no coordination. If there are contradictions, then they can become an obstacle to the socialization of a person.

What factors of human socialization are known?

There are certain factors by which a person’s socialization passes. They are divided into several large groups. Let's talk about each in detail.

• Macrofactors

They influence either all of humanity, or on some of it most of it. For example, this is a society within the same country. That is, macropactors can be called the Universe, Cosmos, Planet, all human society and, of course, the country. For example, a separate state has its own laws, moral norms and foundations. Each of them differs.

In addition, environmental, demographic, economic and military-political problems can affect society as a whole.

• Mesopactors

In this case, there are conditions within groups that are combined, for example, by nationality, a place of residence, united through a certain means of communication.

Ethnic features regarding socialization can be mental or spiritual, as well as vital and touch, for example, health or physical development.

As for the place of residence, it can be a separate city or village. That is, a particular company lives within the limits of one settlement.

The need for communication forces us to use mass communication. With their help, people form specific groups that help to develop and join society.

• Microfactors

These include small groups of people, for example, it can be a family, a work team or a class at school.

So, in the process of life, a person has to go through several different institutions of socialization.

How do phobias interfere with human socialization?

As we have already said, the process of socialization is quite complicated. At the same time, some people have a lot of problems with him. The fact is that there is such a condition as sociophobia. This is nothing more than a fear of society. Accordingly, when a person falls into any team, he becomes uncomfortable. There are other phobias. For example, demophobia is a fear of the crowd, and anthropobia is a common concept of fear of people. In the latter case, a person is bad not even that in a society of several people, but even one person already causes not the best emotions.

Each of these phobias can lead to the fact that human socialization will take place with problems. He will close and gradually lose all communication skills. For him, any access to a public place will be considered a big problem, but only without communication it is not possible to fully live.

So, each person should not be afraid to express his own opinion and the negative, which may be provided on him. In addition, it is important not to be afraid to come to meetings and not avoid communication by phone. Perhaps at first it will be very difficult, but it is important not to refuse and try to fight it. When people do not communicate with anyone for a long time, then they are not only lost in communication skills, but diction also changes. It is difficult for people to competently build speech. So that this is not a problem, constant communication is required.

How the state affects human socialization: examples

The state is an agent who helps in human socialization. It has great opportunities and affects the introduction of personality to the requirements of society. Moreover, the state regulates this process.

Regulation methods are:

• Ideology. Within the framework of this method, a person rethinks the history of his nation, its place in modern society, as well as problems and prospects. In addition, a person forms such values \u200b\u200bthat are important for the consolidation of the nation and approved at certain stages of development. At the same time, for each member of society, a mandatory system of values \u200b\u200bis a mandatory. They are guided by basic institutions, such as the media, family, education. So, a person, in order to become part of society, must accept all this as his own.
• Institutional. In this case, the state regulates the activities of basic institutions. That is, education systems, parties, the media. This is especially important when moving from a traditional society to a modern one. If the intensity of processes is too high, then a person simply does not have time to adapt.

Thus, the state has a priority role in the process of managing socialization. This is manifested at these two levels. The state forms social values \u200b\u200band develops basic institutions that allow people to absorb these same values.

Family functions in human socialization: Features

Human socialization begins with the family. It greatly affects the physical and mental qualities of personality. The family is one of the main institutions of education. In particular, she lays future personality traits.

The family is a group of people who are united by related bonds. It always has some of its own traditions and foundations. It is the main institution that forms in the child life principles and moral principles.

So, the family contributes to the development of personality, strengthen mental health, develops reliability and confidence in children, and also helps in self -realization and security. In addition, in the family, children learn to show their individuality.

The success of the socialization of the child depends on the structure of his family, that is, it is complete or not, as well as relatives can be engaged in raising a child. When the family is incomplete, there is a decrease in educational abilities. In particular, the child begins to experience a lack of emotions, or too many feelings are manifested towards him. At the same time, socialization is difficult and even violated in dysfunctional families. In this case, ignoring basic family functions, there are shortcomings in education. Hence the "difficult" children.

How many years and how much does human socialization last?

As we have already said, human socialization lasts throughout life. That is, from birth, a person is already involved in socialization and remains in it throughout life. We constantly have to deal with various types of societies that we have to adapt. Even in the elderly, this process arises.

What are people who have not passed the socialization process?

It is important to understand that human socialization is important for becoming his personality. Otherwise, he simply will not be able to become part of the society. For example, remember the people of Mowgli. So, when children fall into the jungle and subsequently find them, they are still able to survive. But from early childhood, they missed the process of socialization, which makes it almost impossible for them to become part of society.

In what cases is a person called a victim of socialization?

It happens that a person’s socialization goes far enough and he becomes her victim. Of course, everyone is able to create his own life and set certain goals, and therefore a person can be considered as a subject of socialization.

When a person becomes a victim of socialization, he has internal contradictions. That is, successful socialization is when a person has effectively adapted in society, and is also able to resist him to some extent. More precisely, to fight with those conflicts that do not allow to develop normally and assert themselves. However, this conflict should be balanced. Then adaptation is considered successful.

If a person fully accepts society as it is and he has no conflict, that is, he is a conformist, then he may well be considered a victim. Such can be called a dissident or dissenter who is not adapted to society. That is, he constantly evades the norms accepted in society.

In each society there are such sacrifices. For example, a democratic society contrary to its attitudes most often produces victims. At the same time, a totalitarian society makes conformists appear.

Socialization of people with disabilities: Features

The socialization of a person with disabilities is a complex process in which he has to master the accepted norms of behavior and stereotypes. The difficulty lies precisely in the person’s position, because a person is disabled who has certain deviations in a physical or psychological plan. Accordingly, he needs special care. In addition, he needs support from the state and society as a whole.

Among other things, socialization involves obtaining certain skills and knowledge, as well as values \u200b\u200bthat it is quite difficult for disabled people to absorb. So, the disabled of one of the forms of socialization has constant training. With its help, a disabled person can participate in such processes as:

• Compensation of psychological defects. For example, a person has some problems with the psyche that make him differ in some ways from the rest
• Formation of positive attitudes
• The development of other abilities that were lost, for example, a person lost the ability to walk due to an accident. Then you need to help him learn how to go again, if possible

Training always concerns the development of behavior and the environment. Often, when disabled people are not treated like others, then it becomes not very comfortable for them. In this case, the help of a psychologist is required, and a person’s training in such a way that he could interact with others and it was not noticeable that he is not like that. In addition, adaptation and participation in public or social activity is important to disabled people.

Of course, the socialization of a disabled person has certain features. In this case, it all depends on the pathology itself, for example, a lag in the development or loss of some functions. In addition, gender and age are important, as well as the initial position in society, family, state. There are people who simply do not notice and their socialization is not important to anyone. It is much more complicated, because in addition to their features, they are isolated from society.

For example, disabled people who have mental retardation can achieve independence, but for this you need to constantly work and memorize each action. Today there are even special trainings.

Disabled people aged 16-25, in addition to the fact that they have restrictions on life, may experience difficulties in communicating with peers. This exacerbates the situation. However, in some cases, disability is the main obstacle and not even for the person himself, but for others. This can lead to the fact that a person will close or begin to behave asocially. So the training programs must necessarily take into account all the restrictions of the disabled person.

Socialization of the elderly: Features

Socialization of an elderly person is currently one of the most pressing problems. The fact is that it is difficult for older people to maintain interaction with society and self -realize.

As in other periods of life, the period of late growing up is determined in different ways. Most scientists are of the opinion that it occurs at 60 years old, but in fact, in women it can occur before, at about 58 years old. A change in psychosocial status is different in that the possibilities are already limited. The process takes place in two stages - the onset of old age and retirement.

As a rule, satisfaction from life and a successful adaptation is largely determined by health. As a rule, the negative effect is reduced by comparison. In addition, the financial situation and the adoption of the change itself are important. When a person retires, he wants to quit his job. However, it is necessary to perceive this process as an opportunity to do something interesting, for which ahead of time was not enough. It is important for each person at an older age not to lose social activity. There are many interesting things for pensioners - they can visit special clubs, societies.

Often the elderly has such a problem when people seem to fall out of communication. So they need to try not to lose it. So, for example, the circle of communication is often narrowed and the need for friendly connections and friendly contacts arises. Anxiety and concern appears. Accordingly, the lack of communication can lead to the development of depression.

It is also important to take into account that values, standards and traditions cannot be considered separately for the elderly, because they are all parallel and depend on each other.

At the same time, problems in communicating with generations are due to the fact that values \u200b\u200bdo not coincide. Older people can perform the social roles of pensioners, but other group norms are already a little lost.

Therefore, it is important to understand that the socialization of older people depends on how much a person is involved in the communication process and how he interacts with certain social and age groups.

Differences in the socialization of a growing and adult: Features

The socialization of an adult and growing man is different. This is manifested in several factors:

• In adults, socialization consists in changing external behavior. Moreover, children are adjusted in children basic value orientations
• Children often have only two concepts - good and bad. As for adults, they always understand that there are many “shades of gray” between these two concepts.
• The socialization of the adult is that he master certain skills. Moreover, in children, socialization forms for the most part the motivation for their behavior

This is what the socialization of the adult is different from the child.

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