Stones in the gall bladder: symptoms, signs, causes. Nutrition and menu for stones in the gall bladder

An article on symptoms of gallstone disease, diet therapy with it and methods of preventing the formation of stones in the gallbladder.

Every fourth adult man and every third adult woman in Europe and America suffer from stones in the gall bladder. For many, the disease has been asymptomatic for a long time, and they do not even suspect that they need any treatment.

But if the bubble is inflamed, or the stones begin to move, the patient has pain and discomfort. He has difficult questions: how to cure gallstone disease, is it possible to do this without surgery.

What are the symptoms of stone in the gall bladder?

Stones in the gall bladder are diagnosed in children and adults, men and women, generally healthy or with a "bouquet" of chronic diseases. But, a certain trend is still planned:

• In most cases, gallstone disease is found in people after 40 years
  At this age, more women suffer from a disease than men.
• Usually, stones in biliary are found in full people.

In addition to excess weight, the risk factors for the formation of calculi are:

1. Irrational nutrition. Excesses are harmful in both directions - both overeating and insufficient nutrition.
2. Increased cholesterol.
3. Endocrine diseases and hormonal failures, including during pregnancy.
4. Pancreatic diseases.
5. Hypodynamia.
6. Other.

Important: stones are compacted particles of bile that have different compositions. Typically, they include bilirubin, cholesterol and calcium pigments.

Small calculi can “swim” for quite some time in the filled bubble, without making themselves felt. But only until, due to strong physical activity, during a trip in transport, after a magnificent feast, they will not go in motion. Then:

1. Their sharp ends scratch and irritate the inner surface of the gall bladder, causing its acute inflammation. This is a separate disease, acute cholecystitis).
2. They can advance into the ducts connecting the organ with the liver, calling stagnation of bile and a sharp attack of colic.
3. Inflammation from the gallbladder spreads to the organs - neighbors: pancreas, stomach and intestines.

In many patients, the ailments are manifested unexpectedly, with a sharp pain during an attack of bile colic:

• It hurts in the upper abdomen, usually in the area of \u200b\u200bthe right hypochondrium.
• The pain, as it were, spilles in the body - radiates to the right: in the back, collarbone and hand.
• A bitter taste appears in the mouth.
• Nausea and vomiting begin.
• Pain when touching the gall bladder.
• Yellowing of the eyes and skin.

In the best case, the attack ends with itself when a stone that can pass through the ducts, which is capable of due to its size, enters the duodenum and is evacuated from the body with feces. Too large calculi can block the biliary tract.

Important: there are also certain signs by which it is possible to suspect gallstone disease before the appearance of its symptoms. When they appear, it is advisable to undergo examinations, and in case of confirmation of suspicions, and appropriate treatment.

Such signs are:

• severity under the right edge
• bitterness in the mouth
• heartburn
• bodding
• periodic nausea

Types of stones in the gall bladder and their diagnosis

As mentioned above, calculi in the gall bladder can have different compositions.

Firstly, they can be one-component, but such are extremely rare. These are stones:

1. Cholesterol. They are usually round and small (up to 1 cm). The reason for their appearance is improper nutrition and metabolic disorders.
2. Pigmenting (bilirubin). There are a lot of such pebbles of very small size in the gallbladder and its ducts.
3. Lime (calcifiers). Formed from calcium salts.

Secondly, calculi can be with mixed compositions, and these are found in 80% of patients. Their composition is as follows:

• cholesterol - 90%
• bilirubin - up to 5 %
• calcium salts - up to 3 %
• other substances

Mixed stones are of various sizes, and the more they are, the more dangerous the disease.

Important: medicine is known for cases when the entire cavity of the gallbladder occupied one large calculus weighing up to 100 g.

In shape, stones formed in the gall bladder can be:

• round
• barrel -shaped
• eat
• multifaceted
• other

After examining the doctor - a gastroenterologist who observes the pain of the abdomen in the gall bladder, a patient with suspicions of stones is directed to examinations:

1. Blood tests. The general will show increased leukocytes and ESR, biochemical - increased cholesterol and bilirubin.
2. Holitzess (X -ray examination of bile with contrast).
3. Ultrasound. This method is very effective, with its help it is possible to determine not only the presence of stones, but their number, shape, size and composition.
4. MRI and CT. Modern and very informative methods.

How do stones from the gallbladder come out?

If the stone has a significant size, its exit from the gallbladder is accompanied by a colic attack.

1. The calculus driven by bile enters the mouth of the duct. Clogging and violation of the outflow of bile occur.
2. Under the action of the calculus and pressure of the bile, the mouths of the duct stretch, which causes a person a sharp pain.
3. The stone is pushed through the ducts and enters the duodenum. Pain releases a person, he feels relief.
4. The calculus comes out with the feces.

Gall bladder stones during pregnancy

In pregnant women, gallstone disease is found quite often. Because:

1. During this period, a woman undergoes a thorough medical examination. She had stones before, but did not make themselves felt. Unfortunately, few young women examine the body for preventive purposes, so no one suspected the disease before pregnancy.
2. Pregnancy provoked the formation of calculi. The fact is that during the bearing of a baby in a woman’s body in increased quantities, the progesterone hormone is produced, one of the functions of which is to relax the smooth muscles. The outflow of bile under its influence becomes slower, due to its stagnation and stones are formed.

The doctor prescribes a woman who was diagnosed with gallstone disease during pregnancy.

• diet therapy
• spasmolytic type No-shpa
• lightly choleretic, if the stones are small

Important: when blocking the duct with a concrete during pregnancy, it is possible to conduct laporoscopic removal of stones from the gallbladder.

Is it possible not to perform surgery for stones in the gall bladder?

If stones are detected in the gall bladder, the doctor will immediately say an operation to remove them and the bubble itself. Of course, such a prospect is scary. You can try to cope without it.

Important: the operation can be postponed only if the disease proceeds asymptomatic, there are few stones in the bile, their size is small.

In this case, it is necessary to dissolve and remove the stones with the help of drugs and folk remedies. Read more about this in the article " Treatment of stones in the gall bladder.»

If the operations cannot be avoided, most often cholecystectomy is performed by laporoscopy, which is considered the least traumatic. But sometimes classic open operations are carried out.

VIDEO: Laparoscopy: Operation Removing the Gallbutor

Food menu for stones in the gall bladder: what is possible and what cannot

Patients with gallstone disease show the therapeutic diet No. 5. Its basic principles are as follows:

1. Fast food and snacks Forbidden.
2. Sdoba, confectionery It must be limited to a minimum.
3. Soda, low -alcohol and alcoholic drinks, coffee is prohibited.
4. Recommended There are warm first dishes. If they are on meat broth, the meat should be low -fat, and the broth should be second.
5. Vegetables are also the basis of the diet. You can eat everything except raw cabbage and legumes.
6. Necessary consumption of fresh fruits and berries. These are apples, bananas, melon, strawberries, so on.
7. Sharply limited The intake of fried and fatty foods, in particular, animal origin, which is a provocateur of increase in cholesterol and, as a result, the formation of stones in the gall bladder.
8. Recommended Fractional and frequent food consumption, from 4 to 6 times a day. Thus, optimal movement of bile is ensured.
9. Regarding consumption Food: fats need to be reduced. The norm of carbohydrates (complex) on diet No. 5 - up to 350 g, fats and proteins - up to 90 g.
10. Reduce the daily norm The calorie content of the diet is not necessary. With stones in bile, a person should consume about 2500 kcal per day. If he has excess weight, this moment is stipulated with a doctor.
11. Doctors also advise Introduce fiber and healthy fats in the form of bran, food supplement omega3.

VIDEO: Diet for gallstone disease

Gall bladder prevention

The health of all digestive organs, however, the whole organism is interconnected. Therefore, the prevention of the formation of stones in the gall bladder is the general healing and strengthening, which includes:

• healthy diet
• gradual weight loss if necessary
• sufficient physical activity
• timely detection of health problems and their correction

VIDEO: Cholecystitis. How to prevent the formation of stones in the gall bladder?