What is fascism and Nazism? The difference between dictatorial regimes of fascism and Nazism.
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It is harder for the modern generation to break through the veil of labels, cynical statements and incorrect judgments to understand fascism and Nazism, which is common in them and what their differences are. And modern schoolchildren are completely sure that Hitler promoted fascism, and his adherents were fascists. This is the first mistake, since Adolf Hitler preached National Socialism (subsequently his adherents began to be called by the Nazis), which was closer to the communism familiar to us than to fascism itself.
Nazism and Nazism: Definition
Now let's figure it out more detailed with the definitions of fascism and Nazism.
Fascism - This is a political trend that promotes an open dictatorship as a single possible form of government. Fascism took Govinism and Racism as his origins, believed that in the fascist countries there was no word of democracy, as well as that a rigid dictatorship was obliged to have a strong army for aggressive speeches for neighboring states for the purpose of capture and enslavement.
Fascism originated in Italy, thanks to the famous political figure Mussolini. He called his movement to fascism, from the Italian word “fascio”, which literally means a bun, union, ligament, unification.
During the formation of communism, capitalism was the main opposing force, but since the capitalist regime still remembered the people of the young country well, in contrast to communism they began to contrast Italian fascism. At the same time, over the shortest time, the opinion on the territory of the USSR was that fascism was a synonym for capitalism, and this was the first substitution of concepts in favor of a favorable political atmosphere in the country.
National Socialism - This is the official political ideology of Germany during the reign of Adolf Hitler. It is worth noting that he was the founder of ideology, although at the origins of the origin of National Socialism there were still Scottish political figures of the nineteenth century. Despite the fact that for many decades, communism carefully abandoned the general concepts with national socialism, these two movements have a lot in common.
Hitler took the aforementioned fascism, added socialist components, designed with anti -Semitism and racism and received a unique movement that extols his Aryan nation and is cleared due to the complete destruction of gypsies, Jews, Slavs and homosexuals regardless of the race.
The community and difference between fascism and Nazism
If we consider fascism from Mussolini, the fascist doctrine is based on the state. The basis of the political component is the country as a whole and in particular: tasks, goals, direction in the future. In fascism, the personality as such is not even considered, only the absolute power, which does everything possible to create a strong state. People, social groups, etc. They are considered exclusively as useful for the country and absolutely useless without a state.
Once Mussolini said a phrase in which the essence of the political direction was collected: "All in the state, nothing against the state, nothing outside the state!". Thus, it can be understood that fascism is a strong state with a dictator who cares exclusively about the state, without considering citizens as personalities, only as bricks constituting the state.
National Socialism on the contrary, strove to build an ideal society, and the state was considered exclusively as a temporary, transitional period. Please note that utopia about an ideal society was emphasized from the works of Lenin and Karl Marx, which were formed by communism. An ideal society, according to Adolf, is a single, pure Aryan race living in a classless society.
The national and racial approach of Nazism was absolutely opposite fascism. In the case of fascism of Mussolini, the concept of the race was replaced by a “nation”, he implied not a pure race, but the idea of \u200b\u200bfeelings. That is, not only Italians, but also other nations could exist in Italy, if their feelings and thoughts were filled with Italian fascism.
In Nazism, the words were considered obsolete, who lost its original meaning. The race is the source to which you need to return. Therefore, in Nazism there were massive mechanical racial cleaning to create an ideal society on Earth.
Despite the fact that Mussolini urged Italians to respect his race, and considered himself a racist, he was also sure that the purity of the Italian race did not mean the complete destruction of other races. But Nazism went in this way. In addition, Mussolini was the opponent of Eugeniki as a teaching and was completely sure that by the twentieth century not a single race reached clean. And even Jews holding a closed society cannot boast of the purity of the race. Adolf Hitler, on the contrary, was convinced that pure Aryans still remained in his country, and they can be determined by some physical parameters. And it is the remnants of pure Aryans that will give growth to the future ideal society, the rest should be sterilized and not have the right to give offspring.
Also, in favor of the lack of anti -Semitism in Italy, during the fascist regime, the fact that high positions in the country during the reign of Mussolini and other less controversial nations were testified. At the same time, during the Third Reich, only people who proved the purity of their blood could occupy all significant positions. And the above nations, such as Jews, were generally destroyed.
Summing up the results of this topic, it is worth noting that fascism and Nazism are two completely different ideologies that have both general directions and cardinal differences. And despite the fact that fascism and Nazism so actively denigrated communism and acting political trends, these two ideologies have a lot in common with modern ideas of democracy, socialism, etc. Of course, dictatorship, racial purges and many other - worldwide recognized crimes that should not be repeated, but who knows where modern politicians draw their inspiration? Perhaps with the same sources as Hitler with Mussolini?
Video: What is the difference between Nazism and fascism?
