Oak - a description for schoolchildren around the world: types, distribution, interesting facts

Oak is one of the most revered trees in central Russia, symbolizing the heroic power and power. Children get acquainted with its fruits and acorns at an early age, collecting them for their crafts. Oak leaves with rounded teeth are known to everyone. In the second and third grades, children in depth study various plants in the lessons of the world, and the oak does not stand aside.

Read on our website another article on the topic: "A brief description - birds of white owls".

Below in the article you will find a description of different types of oak, and we will also talk about the fruits, leaves and wood of this tree. Read further.

What does green oak look like: photo, a brief description text for children around the world

Oak is a powerful tree, it has a strong trunk. What does it look like? Here is a photo of a green oak:

It stands out with its sprawling crown against the background of relatives.
It grows up to 40 meters in height.
The most popular variety is ordinary or cherry oak.

How long does the oak live? Read more:

Usually the life expectancy of this strong tree is about 300 years. Some species reach more noble age, which is measured in a thousand years.
At the same time, the tree stops growing in height usually after 200 years of life.
In width, the barrel grows constantly - slowly, but all the time of existence. The diameter of the barrel can be more than 1.5 meters.
The bark is very thick and dense, dark, brown shades. It is covered with "wrinkles" and cracks.

This powerful tree cannot do without the sun, it reaches up, reaching it, especially if many other trunks grow nearby. Because of this, the branches grow around, acquiring strange forms. The older the tree, the more bending branches he has.

Types of oaks: description

Each of the types of oaks is very different. Everything will depend on the place and conditions of growth. If this tree costs one and there are no other trunks nearby, then it has a magnificent crown. In Forest, oaks are often growing upward-this is due to the fact that great “competition” and all plants want to be closer to the sun. Below you will find a description of the most popular types of such a tree. Read further.

Oak is ordinary, cherry: Description

Cherry oak (ordinary) - A deciduous tree can grow up to 40 m in height. Actively develops and grows up to 200 years, after which the growth ends. An increase in the thickness of the barrel continues throughout the entire growth period.

The bark of the tree is gray-brown, wrinkled, about 10 cm thick.
In his youth, the trunk is light gray and smooth.
The kidneys are light brown, hemispherical.
Along the edges are scaly, there are hairs.

The crown of the tree is dense, large in width, pyramidal, with powerful branches and a huge barrel.

Swamp oak: description

Swamp oak It grows in moist soils - near the rivers and in a marshy area, there is a lot of it in the North -American. The bark is smooth structure, greenish-brown. The leaves are oblong, with large incisions, but not long-about 10 cm. The bark on the new branches-sinks is reddish. It does not tolerate frosts and prefers a lot of moisture in the soil. This type of tree is used for the decor of streets, squares and parks.

Oak weeping: Description

Harring oak - It has differences compared to an ordinary oak - this is a crown. It is formed using thin branches falling to the bottom. Usually this tree is found in the forests of the North -School. Other plants prevent him from growing. People save him from extinction, landing on their cottages and near the houses.

Red oak: description

Red oak or red -leaved - It is also called Canadian. In the North American, it grows everywhere, it is an evergreen plant. There are many such trees near water, but only if the soil is not waterproof.

The tree is thin and equipped with a chapic crown.
The bark for a long smooth structure. The grooves will appear later when the tree becomes an adult. The color is grayish.
The leaves resemble maple in shape, but only they are more oblong. Their shades vary, it all depends on what time of the year is currently and what age is on the reddish to dark green and brown-brownish.
Excellent tolerates frosts and winds.
It has the ability to fight bacteria, simple fungi.
Under the bark, the layer of the trunk is white. Deeper, by the middle, the color becomes red and more saturated.
The wood is dense, rough and suitable for processing.

Such oaks are used in the production of furniture, as well as finishing floor boards. Red oak is often planted in city squares, decorating streets and parks. This tree has the same properties as absorption of noise.

White oak: description

White oak - A deciduous tree reaching 30 meters in height. Such a tree has been living for more than 500 years. Powerful branches stretch parallel to the soil and form a beautiful crown. The barrel is usually grayish. On top, the trunk is covered with a cracked bark. The leaves on the back are white. This was the reason for the name of this variety.

Rock: Description

Rock oak -They call it differently-Wales. You can meet in the European part of the globe and the central part of Turkey. He is similar to a cherry oak. The only differences are that he has two main roots in the form of rods that are in the soil very deeply. Since it often grows on mountain slopes, this feature facilitates adaptation to life conditions. The structure of wood is softer than that of other species. But still often used in furniture factories. It is worth noting that in places of growth, this species is now less.

Oak Mongolian: Description

The first data about this type of tree are known from the Mongolian residents, hence the name. It grows in the Far East, in the Amur, East China, Korea, Japan.

The tree is small, often resembles a bush.
It tolerates cold, loves sunlight and is not afraid of strong winds.
The leaves have a high density, in the form of an oval, look like waves around the edges.
Brown branches.
It does not grow fast.
He chooses a rocky place for himself, but useful soil quickly forms under it.

The tree tolerates the move to other places of growth. I took root well in the south of Western Siberia and in the European part of our country. It looks great when decorating streets, pedestrian zones.

Brown oak: description

The oak is chestnut - The name is spelled out in the Red Book. Outwardly has a similarity with a cherry. Only its leaves resemble chestnut leaves. In length, they are up to 20 cm.

The spread area is huge - it is the mountainous area of \u200b\u200bthe Great Caucasus and the south near the Caspian Sea.
Prefers the plains. It quickly reaches up compared to other types of trees.
It prefers shade and is resistant to minus temperatures and dry air.
The wood is good, beautiful, reddish tones. It has a slightly, almost invisible aroma of vinegar.
The tree is strong and is not subjected to decay.
The disadvantage is that the wood is twisted when dried and can even crack.

This type of oak is used in furniture. Different types of finishes are used. It is also used in the production of barrels, veneer and different lumber.

Oak Stone: Description

Stone oak - A plant that is green at any time of the year. It grows up to 25 meters in height. Its natural environment for growth is the countries of southern Europe, North Africa and Turkey.

It grows perfectly in cold and arid places.
Leaflets can have a different shape, but they are prickly.
Crohn in the form of a ball and magnificent.
The bark is smooth and grayish.
The acorns in appearance, like an elongated cylinder and sweet in taste. They are crushed into flour and eaten. If these fruits are boiled with water, such a liquid will be a good disinfectant.
The wood in this tree, like most other species, is strong and durable. Previously, barrels, dishes, various products and tools were made from this material. Such wood was also used for underwater structures.
The carpentry can also be made of the roots of these trees - doors, frames for windows, skirting boards, parquet boards, various fences, platbands, furniture, etc.

Such trees are actively used to create natural fences in areas. If you cut this oak tree, it acquires an interesting and bizarre shape. This makes the landscape more beautiful and attractive. These trees are planted in areas with arid climate to protect other trees from lack of water.

Cork oak: description

In nature cork oakit grows in North Africa and Southwest Europe. Description:

This tree is small - up to 20 m in height.
Leaflets that are always green are oval, with sharp edges, they have a harsh structure.
The acorns can be collected in the first years of growth.
The barrel is overgrown with a dense layer of cork matter. It should be carefully removed at a specific time, when it begins to exfoliate, so as not to spoil the tree itself. The cork is removed every 10 years when it turns 20 years old. The bark is removed carefully - in parts. Then a new layer takes time to grow again.
Eliminated cork material is sorted out. The first variety is sent to the manufacturer of plugs for bottles with wines and cognacs, and other varieties go to the production of building materials.

Portugal in the 1st place in the production of traffic jams. Large areas with such trees are in Algeria, Tunisia, Spain, Morocco, France and Italy.

It is worth knowing: Amur velvet is akin to a cork oak, Grows in our country. The habitat is the south of the Far East, the Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territory on the Amur.

In the 30s. The last century in Primorye harvested the 1st crop of cork substance. But this layer of such a Russian tree is much thinner than the cork layer of its foreign relatives, but quality is not worse in quality. It is used for the production of traffic jams for containers designed to preserve flying gases and caustic liquids. This type of traffic jam is absolutely harmless even when contacting the product, does not decompose under the influence of chemicals, has excellent electrical insulation and sound insulation, and keeps heat perfectly.

INTERESTING: Cork material can be safely called a real natural miracle!

Leaves and acorns of oak: Description

Dube leaves They grow together with the flowers in early May. In September they appear acorns: Their ovary can be found already at the end of August, smooth to the touch.

At first, the fruits become greenish, gradually turn yellow and completely form by the end of November.
The size of the acorns can be from 2 to 5 cm.
Everyone has a “hat”, which is called a plus, helps to protect the fetus.
In the middle of the autumn months, the grip is weakening, and the acorns fall to the ground.
On the basis, this is food for forest residents. Wild wild boars and bears love to enjoy them.

The shape of the leaflets depends on the variety.
Usually they are long with rounded teeth.
That is how they are often depicted in paintings with descriptions of oaks.
On different forms of branches, they appear only in June. Young leaves are often destroyed by caterpillars.

Below even more interesting information. Read further.

Oak bark: description

Oak bark Very thick and strong, dark shade of brownish tones. It is covered with wrinkles and cracks.

Oak bark has healing properties - removes inflammation.
A decoction is prepared from it, which should be taken with pathologies of the throat and mucous membranes, including the gastrointestinal tract.
The bark is removed in the spring.

Then she is allowed to dry for several days, until the pieces become fragile.

The spread of oak

Oak grows in the north -praisarii All because there are suitable weather conditions for him. A powerful tree has always been revered and was considered sacred in European countries. Under the tree, meetings and various rituals were held.

It is worth noting that most of the oak forests are erased from the face of the earth. People needed arable land and squares for the construction of villages and other settlements. Currently, oaks make up no more than 5% of the total forest belt of Europe.

Climate and soil for oak

Oak prefers a soft climate. Sometimes in the tropical forests it is precisely these strong trees that choose clearing with hills. Oaks do not like a very high t ° air. Soil fertility is more important for such a tree, since it absorbs nutrients. He has good roots. Although oak grows in conditions of moderate moisture, some species grow in the swamps around the forest. You can also see this tree in the arid regions.

The composition of wood and oak fruits - structure: what is the benefit?

This tree is durable. After drying, the quality of the wood does not change. With proper care, it will last about 100 years, will not crack and does not dry out. If the oak is in the water for a long time, it does not deteriorate and does not rot, but only darkens. Such wood is called Morena. Bark trees and its fruits are known for their high content of tannins and beta-carotene. They also contain essential oils and starch compounds.

Where is the oak tree used?

Oak is used in the production of furniture

Due to its strength and fortress and long life, this wood is used in shipbuilding and mining industry. It is distinguished by excellent density, which is also important in construction and decoration. Such wood is also used in the production of furniture, toys and parquet boards.

It can be painted, for example, varnish or a special tonic, creating new shades.
Manufacturers produced different shades of this wood, from light beige tones, to dark brown shades.

The fruits of this tree contain useful components, and therefore are often used in the production of drugs.

How is the oak used in construction?

Oak wood does not rot under water, so it is often used for the construction of structuresthat must be immersed at the bottom of the oceans, seas and rivers, as well as in the manufacture of boats.

The older the trunk, the more rings he has.
This type of oak, with a respectable age, is especially appreciated as building material.
Souvenirs Also made of oak, but from softer, i.e. Young wood. Over time, they become more durable and resistant to corruption and decay.

Oak is used as a building material, because it is considered fire -resistant. Our ancestors were also sure that the name "oak" comes from the ancient Greek word "brios", which in translation means "build". For many centuries before this, the quality of this wood has been highly valued.

How is an oak in industry used?

Oak is actively used in the furniture industry. High strength and durability make it almost indispensable in this industry. In winemaking, it is used to make barrels for storing drinks. Spees for sparkling wines are also made from it. The acorns are often used in the food industry, especially grown in Italy, these fruits are sweetish. From the fruits of varieties of trees that grow in the territory of the Russian Federation, they make powder, which is used as a substitute for coffee.

How is oak in medicine used?

The tannins, which are part of the oak bark, save the body from bacteria and help the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Beta-carotene is useful for heart pathologies and removes toxins clogging the human body.

The oak bark also perfectly removes the inflammatory process.
It is boiled to treat diseases of the throat and mucous membranes, including the stomach. It is necessary to brew a tablespoon of crushed bark with a glass of boiling water, put in a water bath and simmer for 15 minutes. Then cool, strain and drink 1-2 tablespoon 3 times a day after meals.
The bark is removed from young trees in the spring. Then it is dried for several days until it becomes fragile.

The leaves have a calming effect. A decoction of leaves heals frostbite and eliminates burn wounds. You can just brew dry leaves with boiling water, insist and use this broth.

Interesting facts about oak, as a plant and its fruits

Acids do not grow on oak until the tree reaches the age of 20 years. It is worth noting that for every 10,000 fruits falling into the soil, only one new tree grows. Here are still interesting facts about this tree as a plant:

Acorns are nuts. Wild boars eat them to stock up on a layer of fat.
The cost of a mormal oak, which has been under water for several decades, exceeds 300,000 rubles per cubic meter. This is the cost of a tree trunk. The price of lumber is several times higher.

Oak is a strong and powerful tree, its fruits and wood have unique properties, and the significance in architecture, industry and medicine is difficult to overestimate. In our country, it grows everywhere, it can be seen even on municipal and state emblems. In the world there are more than 600 varieties of this plant.