Diabetes and pregnancy. Gestational diabetes during pregnancy: treatment. The consequences of diabetes in pregnant women

Hormonal restructuring, increased load on the female body during pregnancy, a change in metabolic processes - all these factors can lead to the occurrence of such a disease as gestational diabetes.

This dangerous condition can harm not only a woman, but also a child, lead to the development of pathologies, heavy childbirth and miscarriage.

Signs of diabetes mellitus in pregnant women

• Diabetes can even occur In women who do not belong to the risk group and have no predisposition to such a complex disease
• It is extremely difficult to suspect the occurrence of gestational diabetes, since the disease proceeds slowlywithout showing obvious signs or an acute state
• Mild ailments characteristic of gestational diabetes, a woman can write off on the features of pregnancy

Nevertheless, some signs can be diagnosed on your own:

• lethargy and drowsiness
• a constant feeling of thirst
• fast fatiguability
• frequent urinary urinary urinary urinary
• increased appetite

With planned consultations with a doctor, leading pregnancy, a woman is prescribed tests, among which and blood donation for sugar and urine analysis.

These tests will show an increased blood sugar and the presence of ketone bodies in the urine, which indicate the beginning of the development of diabetes, that is, prediabet.

The causes of diabetes in pregnant women

The specific factor that provokes provokes the development of diabetes in a pregnant woman. Among the assumptions of scientists, the most common is the opinion that this disease is facilitated by the release of special substances by the placenta that Block the absorption of insulin the body of a woman.

Cause such a dangerous process for the body to a greater extent hormones. During pregnancy, a real hormonal explosion occurs, which entails adverse changes in the body of a woman.

The risk group includes women who have:

• overweight
• increased volume of amniotic fluid
• hereditary tendency to diabetes
• statement of an increased level of glucose in the blood before pregnancy (upper boundary of the norm)
• the result of the previous birth was the birth of a dead child
• in previous births, a child with a large weight was born
• gestational diabetes occurred during a previous pregnancy
• the age of the pregnant woman is greater 30 years

It is important, at the first time suspicions of diabetes Take a doctor during pregnancy.

It is also necessary to provide reliable information about your state of health, to emphasize the availability of hereditary tendency To one or another disease.

Hidden diabetes in pregnant women

Before the content of sugar increases in blood tests, the development of diabetes can already begin in the body of a pregnant woman, which is called in medicine hidden diabetes.

This stage of the disease is extremely dangerous, because it is extremely difficult to suspect hidden diabetes, while the body begins be on the excess sugar in blood.

The most pronounced effect of hidden diabetes is on the vascular system, can cause heart failure and vision of the vision of a pregnant woman. A child in the womb can also suffer from excess sugar. This condition is fraught development of pathologies In the early date and large size of the fetus in the late.

In 50% of cases diseases with hidden diabetes there is a risk of its transition to diabetes of the second type.

The course of diabetes in pregnant women

The occurrence of gestational diabetes can not even notice. If it flows In a mild form, then no signs can indicate it and the true picture of the state of health is opened only after the tests.

If such a diagnosis is made, then the woman will be forced until the end of pregnancy give blood For sugar.

In most cases, if you adhere to the doctor’s recommendations, then pregnant women will not notice any concomitant changes in his body, since Frequent urination and light malaise characteristic of all women in their position.

Before childbirth, the question is raised about the possibility natural delivery, because due to excess sugar entering the baby’s body, the child can be large. In most cases diabetes passes after childbirthbut in some cases it flows into diabetes of the second type.

Nevertheless, a woman faced with gestational diabetes, it is necessary to carefully monitor your health, since there is a risk of occurrence diabetes of the first or second type.

Diagnosis of diabetes in pregnant women

The basis for diagnosing gestational diabetes in pregnant women is sugar tests. If during the planned delivery of urine, which is performed at every visit to the consultation, the presence of sugar in the urine is revealed, then the woman goes to a blood test.

In itself, such an indicator in the urine does not talk about the presence of diabetes, but only can be a reason for the suspicion of such a disease.

Diabetes analysis in pregnant women

A blood test for sugar is also not a true last instance, because if a woman has eaten before donating blood, then sugar level can be increased.

A normal indicator of blood sugar for a woman in a position is from 3.5 mmol/l to 5.5.

The most effective when identifying diabetes is considered glucose tolerance test. It consists in the fact that a woman takes blood and examines at sugar levels. After that, the patient uses 50 g of glucose And after an hour, the analysis is repeated.

Even if the result of the test does not determine the occurrence of diabetes, but a woman is at risk, then such a test is repeated every four weeks Until the end of pregnancy.

Test results:
— up to 7.8 mmol/l - A woman is healthy and gestational diabetes is not
— 7.8-10.6 mmol/l - an additional examination (a three -hour test for tolerance) is assigned)
— 10.6 mmol/l - The doctor diagnoses “gestational diabetes”

Diabetes of pregnant women: consequences for the child

Diabetes mellitus has a negative effect on the development of the child and delivery. Its occurrence in the early stages has the most unfavorable outcome. During the period when the development of organs and systems of the fetus may occur various pathologies.

The occurrence of diabetes at a later stage in pregnancy leads to increase the size of the fetusthat do not correspond to the deadline.

At the same time, the head of the child and limbs have sizes corresponding to the norm, and the shoulder belt and stomach are significantly enlarged, which can become serious problem during childbirth And with an indication for Caesarean section.

If delivery is a positive outcome, then the child it requires special care. Due to a sharp drop in blood sugar, hypoglycemia may occur, which requires soldering the baby with glucose.

Treatment of diabetes of pregnant women

With gestational diabetes, a woman should constantly control the blood sugar level. For this, analyzes are performed, as well as self -diagnosis with a glucometer. To adjust sugar levels, it is prescribed insulin intake.

If a woman was sick with diabetes before pregnancy, then the dose of insulin is increased, to achieve compensation. Also, if a woman took bull insulin, then she is temporarily transferred to human insulin.

If it is impossible to independently monitor the nutrition and the state of sugar the woman is hospitalized. While in a hospital, a woman receives a balanced diet, the necessary dose of insulin and achieve compensation for diabetes.

Video: How to enter insulin correctly?

Pregnant nutrition for diabetes - diet

The only methods for monitoring diabetes are insulin therapy and Hold a certain diet. Since a pregnant woman needs nutrients, there should not be any strict diets. Nutrition should be non -Codebut contain all the necessary vitamins and trace elements.

First of all, it is necessary to limit the products that contain Carbohydrates of quick assimilation.

These include:

• various sweets and confectionery
• flour products, in particular, white bread
• some fruits
• fast food and quick -cooking products
• sweet soda drinks

It is necessary to exclude from the diet and products, containing hidden sugar. Also, due to the fact that the mass of the fetus is already close to excessive, it should be excluded and give preference to boiled dishes cooked for steam and in the oven.

Diabetes and pregnancy: tips and reviews

Gestational diabetes - The condition is dangerous for the mother and the child in her womb, but this does not mean that serious consequences will certainly arise. If a pregnant woman adheres to all the recommendations of doctors, follow a special diet and controls the state of sugar, it will be possible to avoid danger.

Reviews of many mothers who survived diabetes during pregnancy indicate that most manage to convey the child until the due date and give birth to a healthy baby. After that, gestational diabetes passes.

To avoid the occurrence of such a disease, it is necessary to follow recommendations of doctors:

• during pregnancy planning, it is necessary to adjust your weight
• while in position, avoid the use of sweets in large quantities, limit the intake of carbohydrates into the body
• do not neglect the early registration
• do not ignore the tests and research prescribed by the gynecologist

Do not despair if at the next reception of the gynecologist you will hear diagnosis "Gestational diabetes". This is not a fatal sentence, your pregnancy has every chance of being successful, and the child - healthy.

Video: Gestational sugar diabetes