What is a rhyme in literature, rhyming words, types of rhymes?

A person usually begins to perceive rhyming lines even earlier than prose or ordinary conversational speech. The child from birth hears lullabies from adults, becoming a little older, he is read by children's poems, and, having barely learned to read, many children are already read on their own children's poetry of Samuel Marshak and other poets writing for children.

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Many rhymed lines from these, in general, uncomplicated creations, crash into human memory for life. Let's talk more about rhyme.

What is a rhyme and how does it affect a person?

If the poetic lines end in the words similar to the sound, then this is called rhyme. This term has a Greek origin, talking about proportionality, rhythm. Rhymane words indicate the boundaries of the lines, and poetic stanzas end in rhyme in pairs of rhym.
If we consider rhyme from the psychological side, then we can say that it affects a person in two different ways - shape and content.
In poetic speech, a new pattern comes into force, which is more easily than prose, perceived by ear. It may seem that poetic stanzas are divided by each other, but, nevertheless, this is not so, consonance unites them into a single whole. The rhyme is very similar to the rhythm, which contributes to the dismemberment of poetic units. However, the rhyme is given to them also poetic consonancewhich consists the artistic impact on a person.

The rhyme combines individual representations and connects the rhythmic ranks of the poem. And if the listener, or the reader, falls into the unison mood of a person who wrote poetic lines, then, having caught the expected rhyme, he is able to sincerely enjoy it.
At an unconscious level, the second rhyme causes the first rhyming word in our memory - this is how the content of the poem and its internal connections are fixed. The poet requires a rhyme of significant words of the poem, since with unpretentious and insignificant words you can simply “kill” the work. In this case, a person will experience disappointment and dissatisfaction. Also, the same word in the end of rhyming stanzas should not be repeated often, because the rhyme has a different goal - to combine different things, and not repeat the same thing.
The rhyme acts as an element that must be tied together with several disparate performances, so the distance between the two rhymes should not be made too large. After all, consciousness also has its own boundaries, and it may simply not notice rhyme. If you can still take a look at the rhyme at large distances, then it is quite difficult to catch it with an ear.

How should words rhyme?

The rhyme, according to universal and invariable conviction, is like a musical phenomenon, and therefore it is perceived more with hearing than visually. For this very reason, the rhyme should be selected by starting from pronunciation, not a drawing. “Many - this”; "We need - reliably" - This is not at all a rhyme, although, it would seem, in writing, all this rhymes. In poetry, on the contrary, some deviations from the rules are allowed, because human hearing perceives them perfectly, for example: “Mighty - twist”; "Crowning - sound" - Rhymes can be selected for different words endlessly.

The rhyme also holds on shock syllables in the sound appearance of words - they must certainly coincide. Remember how, in the fairy tale of Nosov, Dunno, trying to comprehend poetic skills, came up with the word rhyming with the word "Venik" - "gingerbread". But the fact that these both words have endings - “nickname” does not yet speak about the presence of rhyme, because they are completely different shock vowels. For complete clarity, you can choose rhyming words that would rhyme with the word “broom” - this is a price tag, a physician, a dunge, a captive, and even training - this row can be continued further, because it all depends on your imagination.
I also remember from childhood how the word “Pakly” Dungeon stumbled with the words “rvakly” and “zhmakl” - everything is right, they will rhyme. Only now the trouble, such words simply do not exist in nature. But Paklya - pterodactyl can be struck.

The history of the concept of "rhyme"

Rhythm can be attributed to the young cultural phenomenon of mankind. Studying the letters of the ancient peoples, scientists could not identify the lines, even vaguely resembling rhyme.

In the Sumerian, Akkadian and Early Indian Epic poems There are rhythmically structured works, but there are no rhyming lines in them. Rhythm and sound They were also present in the works of pre -Christian Greece, but there was no rhyme in them.
Scientists concluded that the Chinese became the discoverers of a full -fledged rhyme system. The Great Confucius compiled a collection called Shitzin, which included more than 300 poetic works of ancient China.
The rhyme sounds in the oldest Arab poetry - back in the pre -Islamic period, nomadic peoples used it in their songs.
The rhyme in the early Eastern Middle Ages spread widely: in the III-VII centuries Rhymised double -playing arose and quickly improved.
Over time, this eastern tradition has spread to Western countries, and at first the early Christian, and later monastery European culture was recruited with rhymes. Soon, “right” versification of many europeans began to consider the mandatory presence of rhyme.
In Russia, a folk verse rhymed - the so -called paradise, but more ancient written monuments - military novels, epics and legends of rhymes in their texts did not contain. The rhyme entered the culture of Russia along with baptism; Secular literature was enriched with rhymed lines only in the IVI-IVII centuries.

Rhyme in the literature: types of rhymes

All professional poets know that rhymes differ among themselves:

The number of matching sounds (accurate or inaccurate rhyme). The rhyme is accurate (when the majority of sounds in words coincide, for example: friend - circle), or but inaccurate (when phonemach is few coincidences: a circle - honey).
Number of wordsthat are part of rhyming phrases (simple or complex rhyme). A simple rhyme can be called a rhyme of individual words (fungus - tooth). If you rhyme a group of words (on the leg - in the hearth) or the only word and a group of words (flowers - you will be), then this rhyme is composite or complex.
The total number of syllables (equal or unequal rhyme). If in a pair of rhymes each word consists of the same number of syllables (Ma-ma-yes-ma), then such a rhyme is called equally complicated; If from different ones (Ma-ma-Te-le-gra-ma)-then unequal;
Shock syllable (We are talking about male, female or dactilic rhyme). If rhymeing words have stress on the last syllable (hello - answer), then this is a male rhyme; on the penultimate (grinding - stabbing) - female; on the third and further (environment - detection) - dactilic;
Phonetic features (We are talking about a truncated, replaced or iodized rhyme). The truncated rhyme is when in the word there is a truncation of sound or syllable (fun - words). The rhyme is held by the shock syllable "LO", and the ending falls. There is also a truncated rhyme in the iotated form, only in it the letter “y” “disappears” at the end of one paired word (the bottom - a groovy). Substitution involves a change in the word of one sound to the other - at its beginning (night - point), in the middle (flock - pile) or the end (fence - slaughter).

About rhyme methods

Classical versification is texts, as if divided by quatrains - this striphy is most common in poetic Russian literature.
Poets have the right to dispose lines with rhymes in quadruple, using parallel (pair), ring (encircling) and cross techniques.

Examples of all 3 types of quatrains:

Usually in one poem they do not use all types of rhyme - this is very difficult, especially for beginner poets. But the true genius is on the shoulder: the Pushkin novel “Eugene Onegin” can serve as an example, in which the famous author used a new type of stanza with three quatrains invented by him - he used different types of rhyme, and the final two -winged crowned them. Over time, the stanza created by Pushkin began to be called "Onegin".

The current poets increasingly began to resort to white poems, or, as they are also called, verlibram - there is a rhythm in them, and rhyme is usually not used.

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