What is a metaphor, a detailed metaphor in the Russian language: Examples

This article describes the definitions of the means of artistic expression: metaphor, epithet, comparison, personification.

Content

Epithet, artistic metaphor, personification, comparison, means of expression, hyperbole: what is it in literature, in the poem, stories, speech, 3-5 examples, grade 5
What is a detailed metaphor in the Russian language: definition, essence, analysis
Write out epithets, Yesenin's metaphors: examples
Video: Metaphor. Personification. Musts

The metaphor and other means of artistic expression are literary techniques that help make the text brighter and more expressive. All this is performed by transferring the properties or actions of one object to another. Read more about different literary techniques, including metaphor, read below.

Epithet, artistic metaphor, personification, comparison, means of expression, hyperbole: what is it in literature, in the poem, stories, speech, 3-5 examples, grade 5

These funds are called the means of artistic expression. Their mission is to give a poetic or prose creation, expressiveness, as well as help the author create his own unique way of thought, which he subsequently conveys to the reader.

Means of expression - These are words and phrases in prose, speech, poetry that are called to make the narrative more vivid, deep, emotional. Children in grade 5 begin to study the means of artistic expressiveness in order to understand the beauty of poems, stories in literature, colloquial speech. Below you will find definitions of such techniques, as well as 3-5 examples in order to better understand the material.

The epithet is a figurative definitionwhich creates emotional coloring. In most cases, this is an adjective. However, the epithet can serve as an adverb:

"But I love, spring spring ..." - N. Nekrasov.

In this case, "Golden" It is an epithet.
The author has in mind that this time of the year is very valuable in that allows nature to awaken, and to people gives new hopes.
Therefore, it, in simple language, is more expensive than gold.
Also, such an epithet is interesting in that usually the adjective “gold” is used in relation to the completely opposite time of the year - autumn.
But in the case of autumn, this is understandable. It's all about the foliage painted in yellow-bagar tones.

"Around the grass bloomed so cheerfully" - I. Turgenev.

Epithet "funny" In this case, the author’s emotional color gives the author’s speech.
It is likely that it is about the fact that the grass in the spring began its rapid growth.
By the way, Turgenev also resorts to a certain nonsense, he claims that “the grass blooms”, although in the literal sense it cannot have flowering. Only wildflowers can do this.

"In saucers-ochi of rescue circles" - V. Mayakovsky.

Why do you need an epithet? He expresses the attitude of the writer to what he tells about.
This not only diversifies the text, but also makes it more alive, expressive.
If there were no epithets in the literature, the texts would be “dry” and insensitive.
The importance of the epithet is invaluable - especially given the fact that the reader rely only on the lines on paper, he does not hear the intonations and expressions with which the author himself could read his work.
Accordingly, the epithet puts certain, very necessary accents.

Examples of epithets in prose:

Marmalade mood (A.P. Chekhov)
Churban indifference (D. Pisarev)
Raspberry smile (I. Annensky)

Artistic metaphor The means of expression is called, which is based on a hidden image of a certain object, which is transferred to another. Simpler words are a comparison of two objects, but without the use of familiar words "How", "Like", "Like" etc. That is, the phrase “Your eyes are the eyes of the bottom, like a sea” - is not a metaphor. Here are examples of metaphors:

"In the garden is a bonfire of the mountain ash red". S. Yesenin
“And maybe - at my sunset a sad love flashes a smile of a farewell". (A.S. Pushkin)
“Your courage is dear to us, your soul is full of fire". (M.Yu. Lermontov)
“It was golden, but it was hidden". (A.Kkoltsov)

Personification - This is also a type, a variety of metaphors, projecting the properties of an animated, alive to inanimate. Eg:

U A.S. Pushkin - The storm "how the beast will conquer, then cry like a child." Both the child and the animal are animated creatures. But the storm is a phenomenon of nature, it has no soul, it is not a living organism. But the poet gives him a soul, comparing with living beings;
“And the pond dreams, and the poplar is sleeping” A.A. Fet. The poet endowed the tree and a pond of the properties of animated creatures. After all, the pond itself cannot dream (this is only a decoration of the poem), but the poplar cannot sleep, like a person. However, he can be inclined to the ground, imitating a sweet dream or a senile half -day;
"Longing spills, sadness flows in the middle of Russian land" - "Word about Igor's regiment".

Comparison - This technique implies that the author gives one object the properties of another.

The words “as if”, “like”, “how”, etc. help in this.
In fact, this is a kind of comparison of phenomena and the conduct of parallels between them.
You can compare living with inanimate, animated with inanimate.
This category includes all “typical” romantic phrases like “Your eyes, like two oceans”, “You got up before me like a goddess”, “Golden curls like a waterfall, rolled up on sloping shoulders” etc.

Here are a few more examples of comparisons:

"Like a mother over his son, a cooler groans over a dull plain" - Nikolai Nekrasov.
"What are you standing, how scared?" - I. Ilf, E. Petrov ("12 chairs").
"On Red Square, as if through the fog of centuries, the outlines of the towers are not clear" - A.N. Tolstoy.
"An adult man, and you behave like a small, offended boy" - In colloquial speech.

Hyperbole The artistic exaggeration is called, which the author introduces in order to strengthen expressiveness. As a rule, this means of expressiveness is present in literature, and in colloquial speech, and in oratory:

"We haven't seen a hundred years" (conversational speech) - did not see each other for a long time.
"Scare to death" - Get hung up very much.
"In one hundred and forty suns, the sunset burned" (V.V. Mayakovsky) - bright sunset.
"In a dream, the janitor became heavy, like a chest of drawers" (I. Ilf, E. Petrov) - very heavy, unbearable.

As you can see, there are several varieties of metaphors to enhance the brightness and expressiveness of the text so that it turns out to be more interesting.

What is a detailed metaphor in the Russian language: definition, essence, analysis

If a conventional metaphor implies (often) one association between living and inanimate objects in similarity, then in the case of a detailed metaphor in the Russian language, there may be several. What it is? Here is the definition and essence:

This is an extensive shape of the path in which there is a stronger, powerful comparison of phenomena and objects.
Compared to a conventional metaphor, it has a greater “workload” in relation to the proposal.

The reason for use:

Strengthening the emotionality of speech and a more detailed description of the situation.
We can say that a detailed metaphor is a detailed association, and an ordinary metaphor is an association “in general terms”.

In the case of a detailed metaphor, one association entails new ones that approach it in meaning. Sometimes it gives rise to quite complex designs:

“Here covers the wind of flocks of waves with strong arms and throws them from a scope in wild anger at the cliffs, breaking emerald communities into dust and spray” (Gorky).
“Then the bell hits somewhere far, far, echoingly, the doors of the wagons clap, and a plaintive rumble of a steam locomotive is heard, reminiscent of endless Dali and nights. Something begins to tremble and push under the side. The metallic-ray gloss of the lanterns passes through the glass and goes out. The sofa springs sway more and more evenly, and finally the continuously increasing run of the train again plunges into a nap ” - I.A. Bunin.
“And the clumsy dirty boot of a retired soldier, under the weight of which, seems to crack the most granite, and a miniature, light, like smoke, a shoe of a young lady, turning her head to the brilliant windows of the store, like an sunflower to the sun, and the rattling saber of the executed hopes of the ensign, Conducting a sharp scratch on it - everything takes on it the power of strength or the power of weakness ” - N.V. Gogol“ Nevsky Prospekt ”.

If the authors did not use detailed metaphors in their text, the stories would have turned out to be boring and uninteresting. In colloquial speech, you also need to use the means of expression, and then you will be considered the soul of the company - an interesting person with a bright speech.

Write out epithets, Yesenin's metaphors: examples

Yesenin uses different types of epithets, metaphors, among which there are both musical and color, both determining age and describing the course of time. If the teacher set to write out these means of expression on the house, then these are a few examples:

"Golden grove was dissuaded."
In my fundamental work "I left my dear house."
Yesenin uses color epithets: “Blue Rus'”, “Golden Frog Moon”.
In one of the creations: “I do not regret it, I don’t call, I don’t cry” - “wilted with gold covered”, “on a pink horse”.
"Goy, Rus', my dear." The poet uses such sound epithets as “Fun dance”, “girlish laughter”. This is necessary in order to convey the rollback atmosphere of fun.
A poppy heart in love blooms - "a white scroll and a scarlet sash."
“And snowflakes burn in golden fire” - “Birch”.
“Golden horn floats out of the moon” - “Spring evening”.
“And the Earth smiles to the sky” - “Spring evening”.

Conclusion:

The means of expression are mandatory both in literature and in conversational speech. They enrich the narrative, help to beautifully express emotions and give the story that color that is implied by the author.