What is cryptosporidiosis in a person, cats, dogs, calves? Cryptosporidiosis in adults and children: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

What is cryptosporidiosis for humans and pets? Causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of cryptosporidiosis in humans. Deciphering the analysis of feces for cryptosporidiosis.

Cryptosporidiosis is an infection caused by the simplest parasites of coccidia class cryptosporids. Cryptosporidia, penetrating into the body of the host (person, animal), spend their entire life cycle in it. The danger of this disease lies in the fact that when defending, the owner distinguishes out the oocysts of cryptosporidia, which in the external environment can be in a state of dispute for a long time. Once in a favorable environment, the disputes of coccidia come to life again and begin their vital activity.

What is cryptosporidiosis in a person, cats, dogs, calves?

Most often, people and their pets are exposed to cryptosporidia - cats, dogs, cattle. However, cryptosporidiosis is found even in reptiles, mice and other small animals. The transfer of infectious parasites between animals can be carried out in the following ways:

1. Eating infected meat of other animals
2. Drinking raw water
3. Through insects
4. Using common feeders, trays or bowls
5. Contacts with infected animals (licking, bites)

As for humans, for a healthy animal, cryptosporidiosis is not particularly dangerous. However, for too young or weak health of animals, it can become fatal. The farm is especially suffering from this disease. Farmers are afraid of cryptosporidiosis, as it often causes the deaths of kids of cattle and small cattle.

Symptoms of this disease in animals can become:

• swift weight loss
• refusal of food
• diarrhea
• signs of dehydration of the body

Cryptosporidiosis in adults and children: causes, symptoms, diagnosis

The causative agent of this disease is a controversy of cryptosporidia. As a rule, this parasite prefers to live in the respiratory tract or gastrointestinal tract. That is why doctors classify cryptosporidiosis on intestinal, bronchopulmonary and mixed types.
The disease is transmitted among people with oral-fecal, contact-household or sexually. The main sources of infection of coccidia can be:

• Infected water, food
• Contact with sick animals or people
• Sexual relations between men

Often cryptosporidiosis in the human body manifests itself quite weakly or does not manifest itself at all. The exceptions are cases of infection of this disease of people with weak immunity or HIV-infected patients, as well as young children (up to 2 years old).

In people with a normal immune system, the following conditions can be considered signs of cryptosporidiosis:

• Prolonged diarrhea (5-20 times a day), accompanied by an unpleasant odor
• Abdomen
• The presence of blood traces in feces
• Subfebrile body temperature
  Nausea and vomiting
• A feeling of thirst
  Dry skin
  Convulsions

Since the incubation period of the disease is from 2-4 days to 2 weeks, its main feature (diarrhea) can pursue the patient all this time. Gradually, the symptoms should fade and go to naught.

As for people with immunodeficiency, they have a much more serious picture of the disease:

• Diarrhea a few months long
• Strong dehydration and violation of electrolyte balance
• Subfebril and febrile body temperature
• Nausea and vomiting
• Strong pain in the abdomen
• Headache
• Weakness and aches in the body

In advanced cases, lesions of the bile ducts, cholecystitis, hepatitis, cholangitis may also develop.

With a bronchopulmonary type of cryptosporidiosis in people with immune diseases, states such as:

• Sealness
• The blue of the integument
• Dry, unproductive cough
• Cough with mucous and nuclear separated
• Hoarse in the voice
• Lymphadenopathy

The most dangerous state in the bronchopulmonary type of this disease in HIV-pain is considered cryptosporidic pneumonia, which in most cases leads to death.

• With a more or less calm course of cryptosporidiosis, its treatment is optional. In patients with a normal immune system, this disease takes place by itself. In the case of people suffering from immunodeficiency, diagnosis and treatment are considered vital.
• The main way to detect cryptosporidiosis is the search for oocyst in the feces of the patient.
• In rare cases, an analysis of the membrane of the small intestine is required.
• If the immunodeficiency virus is suspected, an analysis for HIV may be prescribed to the patient.
• Significant, but sometimes necessary for epidemiological analyzes, are immunosorbentity and immunofluorescent types of research, as well as PCR (polymer chain reaction).
• With lesions of the respiratory tract, x -ray and bronchoscopy can be prescribed.
• If it is necessary to diagnose the cryptosporidiosis of the gallbladder, its excessive puncture can also be prescribed.

Kala analysis for intestinal cryptosporidiosis: Deciphering

• The fence of the studied material for analysis for cryptosporidiosis is carried out in standard way As described in the article
• During the analysis in laboratory conditions, feces are stained.
• The decryption to the analysis will indicate whether the oocysts of cryptosporidia were found in feces.

Cryptosporidia oocysts in water: how to protect yourself from infection

• In water and the environment, cryptosporidia oocysts are able to survive up to one and a half years at a temperature above 4 ° C and up to a week at a temperature of -10 ° C.
• Disputes of these parasites are dying at a temperature above 72 ° C.
• Boil water, at the same time, it is necessary for at least a minute.
• Another way to eliminate cryptosporidia oocysts in water is its filtration. However, when choosing water filters, it is necessary to pay attention to the size of their membranes - oocysts are delayed only in the smallest filters. On the label of such filters there should be a mark - 1 micron or an inscription on compliance with the requirements of the National Scientific Fund.
• If there is no way to boil or clean water through the filter, then it is best to use only purchased water.

Cryptosporidiosis in adults and children: treatment

Treatment of cryptosporidiosis in people with normal immunity is only a diet and a plentiful drink.
In cases with young children, the following treatment tactics can be used:

• Diet
• Abundant drink
• The use of rehydration products (regdron, orasan, human, etc.)
• Antiretroviral drugs
• Antidiarein effects
• Enzyme preparations and bifidobacteria

Patients with HIV or other immune diseases are often prescribed antibacterial therapy with macrolide groups, as well as the administration of water-salt solutions intravenously.

The fight against cryptosporidiosis in animals: video