Analyzes in pregnancy planning. What tests do men and women give when planning pregnancy?

What mandatory tests should a woman take when planning pregnancy? What additional tests can be prescribed when planning pregnancy? What tests should men need to take?

The birth of a child is a very serious and responsible step. Therefore, you need to prepare for it thoroughly. Today, many married couples are preparing the foundation in advance to expand their family and come into their life of tiny peanuts. Especially for such responsible parents, family planning centers are created.

In such centers, future mothers and dads teach how to prepare for pregnancy correctly, what tests to pass it the day before, and what research to undergo. In this article, we will try to independently answer all these questions, and help spouses plan the future motherhood and paternity.

Mandatory tests when planning pregnancy, list

Mandatory analyzes in preparation for pregnancy include:

• Bacteriological sowing on flora
• Dad Test - a smear for cytology
• Small infection smell
• General blood analysis
• General urine analysis
• Blood test for determining the blood type and Rh factor
• Blood test for sugar
• Blood chemistry
• Blood test for infections
• Torch analysis - infections
• Colposcopy
• Coagulogram
• Ultrasound of the small pelvis
  

  What tests when planning pregnancy are handed over to a woman?

Now we consider specifically each of the main tests, and also dwell on additional analyzes that are prescribed if necessary.

1. Bacteriological sowing is carried out by taking a smear from a woman's vagina to identify the state of microflora and detect pathogens in it. Such an analysis is carried out both in private laboratories and in women's consultations
2. A smear for cytology is taken from the cervix right in the gynecological chair. The papa test allows you to identify cancer cells or cells located to it on the surface of the cervix
3. A smear on sexual infections will help detect hidden diseases caused by sexually transmitted bacteria (candidiasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, papillomavirus, ureapaplasmosis, etc.) such infections can disrupt the normal course of pregnancy, provoke premature birth or miscarriage, and also significantly slow down the development fetus
4. A general blood test is prescribed to detect inflammations and diseases in the body that are not distinguished by bright symptoms. A general blood test is always given on an empty stomach
5. Urine analysis allows you to identify hidden diseases or infections of the urine system, which can also negatively affect pregnancy. The urine for the analysis is collected with the first morning trip to the toilet in a special container or glass jar (sterilized). Before collecting the analysis, it is necessary to thoroughly wash yourself and it is advisable to close the entrance to the vagina with a cotton wool in order to avoid an extraneous mucus entering the container
6. A blood test for the determination of the Rh factor is required, since only it can identify a possible Rh conflict. This is a phenomenon when the mother has a negative Rhesus, and the fetus has a positive one. At the same time, the woman’s body begins to produce antibodies to the red blood cells of the future baby. Thus, the fetus is rejected. Blood for analysis for Rh factor is taken from vein
7. A blood test for sugar is carried out to detect diseases of diabetes in a woman. Blood for sugar must be taken on an empty stomach
8. Biochemical blood test allows you to create a complete picture of the state of health of a woman (the functioning of her systems and internal organs)
9. A blood test for infections helps to identify diseases such as HIV, AIDS, syphilis, hepatitis B and C
10. Analysis for Torch infections allows you to identify the most severe infections in the woman’s body, dangerous for pregnancy-rubella, toxoplasmosis, herpes, cytomegalovirus and other viruses. The fact is that it is these viruses that can harm pregnancy and in particular the baby. Often, they provoke miscarriages, premature births, as well as the development of deformities and pathologies of the fetus
11. Kolposcopy is a diagnostic method for studying the cervix and vagina using a special apparatus - colposcope. Such an inspection, as a rule, is prescribed for poor analyzes for the cytology or detection of cervical erosion by a gynecologist during its visual examination. Colposcopy allows you to examine in more detail the condition of the walls of the vagina and walls of the uterus and identify the presence of any diseases. Colposcopy is an absolutely safe and painless procedure
12. Coagulogram is a blood test for coagulation. This study is extremely important in order to avoid ongoing bleeding after childbirth
13. Ultrasound of the small pelvis allows us to judge the state of the genital organs of the woman and their readiness to bear the child

In some cases, a woman may be prescribed additional studies associated with long attempts to get pregnant or unsuccessful previous pregnancy (hormonal, genetically tests or compatibility tests).

Such studies today are quite expensive, however, in any case, their purpose has a serious help, and it is better to listen to the couples to the doctor’s recommendations regarding their delivery.

Where is it better to take tests when planning pregnancy?

• Many tests can be handed over for women's consultations, maternity hospitals or state medical institutions. In such institutions, the delivery of tests will cost much cheaper than in private clinics. In addition, the results of such studies are considered the most accurate and unmistakable
• If desired, you can take tests in private clinics and laboratories. In this case, research will cost much more. Yes, many commercial institutions boast of the latest equipment and equipment. However, very often their results are not rocked in state institutions, since they are either not licensed or sensitive, which sometimes interferes with a clear picture of the patient's health status
• In general, the choice always remains with you. If you are confident in the reputation of a private medical institution or clinic, you can contact them. If there is no one hundred percent confidence, or bad rumors go about the institution, it is better to take tests in the state institution

Genetic blood test when planning pregnancy

• A genetic blood test is prescribed to the family couples in order to exclude the risks of inexplosive of the child or the birth of the baby with deviations
• Such an analysis includes general clinical studies, such as a biochemical blood test and consultation of a neuropathologist, endocrinologist and therapist
• In some cases, spouses may be prescribed HLA -Tiping (compatibility analysis)
• Before prescribing such studies, the doctor geneticist conducts a conversation with a couple. During the survey, he reveals the presence of genetic diseases in the pedigree of future parents, chronic or other serious diseases in them and their closest relatives, their state of health

There are several categories of pairs that most need genetic analyzes:

• those couples in whose families there are serious hereditary diseases
• spouses who have not yet reached the age of 18, or spouses, who are already over 35
• women whose history of miscarriages or frozen pregnancies are present
• spouses whose previous children were born with certain pathologies or uglies
• those couples that cannot become pregnant for a long time
• spouses who are close relatives to each other

In the process of genetic analysis, the risk level of the birth of an unhealthy child is displayed. If risks make up less than 10%, then parents should not worry, since the likelihood of various kinds of pathologies in their baby is very small.

If the risks fluctuate from 10 to 20 percent, then the baby can equally be born, both healthy and not quite healthy. If the risk exceeds the border of twenty, the doctor may advise the couple to use the services of a sperm bank or a donor egg. However, there are times when even with too high risks the baby is born absolutely healthy.

Compatibility tests for pregnancy planning

• Some married couples on the eve of pregnancy need to undergo a compatibility analysis, or the so-called HLA-type. This procedure implies a comparison of those very HLA men and women
• HLA is a human leukocytic antigen. Each is individual. The main function of this antigen is the identification of foreign substances in the body and their blocking. That is, if HLA has discovered any infection or virus, it immediately gives the body a command to produce special antibodies to combat the threat
• In the process of conception, the unborn baby gets not only the antigens of the mother, but also the father. Therefore, the fetus for the woman’s body is also an alien body. Upon the onset of pregnancy, HLA recognizes his father's HLA and perceives it as something else. Thus, the female body begins to produce antibodies that can withstand dangers. These same antibodies protect the placenta and fruit from rejection
• There are cases, especially if the spouses are blood relatives, when human leukocyte antigens women and men are very similar to each other. In such situations, female HLA does not recognize male HLA as something foreign, and antibodies are not produced. Then the mother’s body begins to reject the fetus, and it dies

Analysis for the compatibility of the pair is usually prescribed in such cases:

1. when a pair for a long period of time is not possible to conceive a child
2. when all previous pregnancies ended with miscarriages or intrauterine death
3. when the spouses are close relatives

Rubelass analysis when planning pregnancy

• Rubricated analysis is included in a comprehensive analysis for torch infection. Rubber is a disease that can extremely negatively affect the development of the fetus during pregnancy or cause its death
• Based on the results of the analysis on rubella, you can judge whether this disease is dangerous for future pregnancy. If during the analysis it is revealed that a woman in the blood has antibodies to the rubella virus, then she can be pregnant and not afraid of this disease. If it turns out that she does not have such protective antibodies, then it is advisable to instill a future mother from rubella
• In deciphering the analysis on rubella, you can find two types of IGG and IgM immunoglobulins. The presence of an IGM immunoglobulin woman in the blood suggests that this virus is present in her body. IGG antibodies indicate that a woman once came across rubella (hurt her or was vaccinated from her), and her body is protected from infection. If there is one and that immunoglobulin, then the woman never contacted the virus at all, and she has no immunity against him

Hormones tests when planning pregnancy

Hormones tests are designed to outline the state of the hormonal background in the woman’s body and to identify the lack or excess of one or another hormone. For pregnancy planning, the levels of the following hormones are very important:

• progesterone - hormone responsible for pregnancy
• testosterone is a male hormone, the high level of which in the female body is able to actively prevent pregnancy or its normal course
• estradiol is a hormone responsible for the readiness of the uterus for pregnancy
• FSH (follicle -stimulating hormone) is a hormone responsible for the development of a follicle
• LH (hormone -hormone) is a hormone responsible for the maturation of the egg in the follicle and for the formation of the yellow body
• DEA-SUFATE (Dehydropiandrosterone)
• prolactin - a hormone responsible for ovulation and for the production of milk during breastfeeding
• T3 (Triidotironin)
• T4 (thyroxine)
• TSH (teriotropic hormone)

Hormonal studies, as a rule, are appointed to women during the period of pregnancy planning in the following cases:

1. if the couple cannot get pregnant for a long time (more than a year)
2. if a woman is more than 35 years old
3. with an irregular menstrual cycle
4. if a woman has an increased level of male hormones on her face (body hair hair, obesity or acne by male type)
5. if a woman has a history of miscarriages and frozen pregnancy

Blood for analysis for hormones is taken from a vein.

Analyzes when planning pregnancy to a man

When planning pregnancy, not only a woman will have to undergo a number of studies. From a man, some tests will also be required. Here is their list:

• general blood test - allows us to identify the presence of inflammatory processes in the male body
• general urine analysis-indicates diseases of the urine system
• blood test for infections - analysis for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B and C
• blood test to determine the Rh factor-allows us to exclude Rh conflict
• fluorography - to exclude tuberculosis. Also, the results of fluorography may need a man in the Rodzal if he decides to attend birth

In addition to the above, analyzes to a man, if necessary, may be prescribed other additional studies:

1. biochemical blood test can be prescribed when a high blood sugar is detected
2. hormonal tests can be prescribed if the couple cannot get pregnant for a long time, and all female tests are normal
3. ECG is prescribed for men over 40 years old
4. Ultrasound of the organs of the peritoneum and chest can be prescribed for men with poor health
5. the spermogram is assigned to the spouse when his woman is absolutely healthy, and conception does not happen
6. sexual infections are shown in the event that such were found in a woman
7. studies of the secretion of prostate gland can be prescribed if a man is suspected or problems with a prostate are discovered or have been discovered

What tests should be taken when planning a second pregnancy?

• If the first pregnancy ended successfully, the baby was born healthy and during the time preceding the second pregnancy, none of the future parents was significantly ill, then when planning the second pregnancy, only mandatory tests indicated in the first paragraph of the article can be taken. Rhesus factor analysis can be ignored
• If at the time of the planning of the second pregnancy, future parents reached 35 years old, fell ill with some serious diseases, the woman has miscarriages, frozen pregnancy, stillborn children or children with pathologies, then they should contact the district gynecologist for consultation. Perhaps in this case you will need to undergo additional tests and research (genetic, compatibility, hormonal, etc.)

Analyzes when planning pregnancy: tips and reviews

• Young people who have encountered the problem become pregnant or those who were born not quite healthy children, recommend future parents not to ignore the stage of preparation for pregnancy. For your own calm and well -being, it is better to surrender at least mandatory tests before pregnancy. Their results can protect spouses from unsuccessful attempts and despair, as well as from torment and empathy for their sick baby
• As for the financial side, almost all mandatory analyzes can be passed for free or at a symbolic price in state institutions. Therefore, the planning of pregnancy will not require unnecessary costs, but it will save a lot of money and nerves in the future

Video: Pregnancy planning