Analysis of urine in a child - norms and decryption of general, biochemical analysis, according to Nechiporenko, according to Sulkovich, according to Zimnitsky: table. Urine analysis for calcium, acetone, with pyelonephritis

You can find out about the health status of adults and children by urine analysis. Unlike blood test, urine fence is painless, and the result of the analysis can tell about a lot.

Content

Analysis of urine It is a qualitative indicator of health and diagnosis of many diseases. Modern analysis forms suggest the presence of a separate column, where the regulatory indicators of each of the sample components are introduced. Thanks to this, you can roughly evaluate the results for inconsistencies to bordersBut to know more than just a comparison, every self -respecting mother should. We will figure it out.

How to collect a general urine analysis in a child

The younger the child, the more difficult it is to cope with this task. In the relief of life to parents, to collect the results of the life of the smallest, a special device was invented, which can be bought at a pharmacy - sterile Mocchonik. They are separate for girls and boys.

You can collect urine in a child with a pot, if it is sterilized before that

So, to collect urine, you need to get acquainted with certain information:

For a general analysis, take the very first morning portion. If the child still goes to the diaper, it is unacceptable to squeeze the contents from him. In this method, particles of fabric, excess bacteria and elements can get into the analysis. Ideally, you need to take an average portion of urine - that is, the first to drain, collect the average and not take the last
After awakening the child attach the Mocomber near the genitals And wait. The process of such expectation, as a rule, is accompanied by resistance from the child - it is not very comfortable with such a device. After a successfully perfect urination process, we pour the contents into the container and denote the fence time
An alternative to the use of Mocomber - planting a child over a bowl Or any other capacity. In this case, worry about the maximum cleanliness of the dishes, lay there a cut sterile bridgeber. It will also be easier to provide genital hygiene

For children who do not go to the pot of alternative, the Mecrican will become — For children who do not go to the pot, the alternative will become a bridge

Boys can be put on a diaper diaper and patiently wait for the urination process. At the most important point, substitute the container under the stream
If the child is already older and familiar with the pot, then it is necessary to ensure the cleanliness of the pot in advance, for this, pave the sterile bridgeon in the cut form

How much urine is needed for a general analysis for a child?

For a general urine analysis, 10-15 ml or about 1 cm in the container is enough. Therefore, there is no need to save urine and gain a full container - this amount is not required when examining.

General urine analysis in children - decryption and norm in the table

The general urine analysis is the most informative for the diagnosis of the general state of health of the child. In case of suspicion of a particular disease, for more accurate conclusion A narrower format for urine analysis for separate components may be assigned.

A general urine analysis will show whether there are any deviations in the work of urination and metabolic processes

In addition, for this type of analysis, you need very little reagents. Consider the meaning Each line of general analysis:

Index	Norm	Note
Color	Light yellow	Urina’s color may be affected by food on the eve. For example, beets and rhubarb cause a change in normal color. The use of some medicines can lead to the same consequences. The dark color indicates the problems of the genitourinary system. It should also be noted that in a newborn child the first 10 days, in connection with the formation of the genitourinary function, the color may vary from transparent to dark orange
Transparency	Transparent	A muddy color occurs after downtime of urine. The diet can also be influenced. But also a muddy color indicates metabolic disorders
Smell	Without smell	Urina of the baby practically does not smell. Only over time does it acquire a specific characteristic aroma. Pretty smell speaks of an infection of the genitourinary system
Density or specific gravity	2 to 12 years old-1002-1025	The low density value indicates possible problems with the work of the kidneys. High can be the cause of diabetes, as well as when dehydration and heat
Acidity (pH level)	Fight-killed 4.5-8	Deviation from the norm may occur as a result of the predominance of fruits in the child’s diet or be a more serious problem - infection of the genitourinary system
Red blood cells	0-2 in the field	Overstated indicators indicate the presence of a viral infection, urolithiasis or toxins poisoning
Leukocytes	0-1 in view	Excess - the cause of cystitis or other inflammatory disease of the genitourinary system
Epithelium	1-2 in view	Exceeding may indicate diseases of the genitourinary system
Protein	no	This is one of the most informative indicators. Its excess is a consequence of cystitis or urethritis. It also indicates the presence of tumors or tuberculosis of the kidneys. Can be high at temperatures
Glucose	no	Availability is a sign of diabetes
Salt	No or insignificant	A small amount of urine sediment does not indicate pathology, but may be the result of an incorrect nutrition of the child
Bacteria	no	The presence of bacteria is an alarming signal of serious problems of the genitourinary system
Slime	No or insignificant

Urine analysis by Nechiporenko: Norm in children

This verification method is one of the clarifying, allowing to determine hidden inflammatory processes urinary system. This analysis determines only three indicators - red blood cells, white blood cells and cylinders. Normative indicators in children and adults are almost the same.

The analysis will show the presence of inflammatory processes in the body

Red blood cells should be no more than 1000 per 1 ml
Leukocytes - no more than 2000 per 1 ml of urine
Cylinders - up to 20 units per 1 ml of urine

Urine analysis by Sulkovich Decryption in children

This method allows you to evaluate only one indicator - the level of calcium in the urine of the child. It is carried out in order to determine the possible presence of a child in a child such as rickets.

The disease occurs due to deficiency of vitamin D. Indirectly, you can also assess the correctness of the selected dose of the aforementioned vitamin. The results of the analysis have only two marking options:

"Minus" - calcium in the urine is absent
“Plus” - if one or two - there is a small amount of calcium, but within normal limits. Three or four "pluses" - a certificate of violation

Sulkovich test shows the content of calcium in the urine

Urine analysis by Zimnitsky Deciphering in children

This type of analysis provides for the collection of material during the day. In addition, you need to calculate the amount of fluid drunk. During the collection period to the laboratory, you need to deliver 8 jars with material, with the interval of the fence every 3 hours.

The subject of analysis is ratio The amount of the drunk liquid bred and the density of each portion.

When studying Zimnitsky, the most important factor is the difference between the volume of the drunk and bred liquid — When studying Zimnitsky, the most important factor is the difference between the volume of drunk and bred liquid

Ideally:

With urine should be derived from 65 to 80% of the liquid used. Moreover, it should be more day, less - at night
The difference in density between portions in the maximum and minimum value should be more than 0.007

Biochemical urine analysis in children Deciphering

This research method is more informative than, for example, a general analysis allows you to identify various diseases in the early stages, diagnose possible complications of kidney work, anticipate problems in the metabolism.

For analysis, collect daily urine and characterize it for such basic indicators as:

Protein - Normally in children under 14 years old - 0.2 g/day. Excess - problems with the work of kidneys, diabetes mellitus
Glucose - up to 1.1 mm/day. Increasing the cause is the same as with an overstated protein
Creatinin - for children up to 1 year - up to 90 mg/day; from 1 to 6 years-270-415 mg/day; from 7 to 14 years old-500-1400 mg/day. If below the norm - pyelonephritis
Uric acid -from 40-80 mg/day in children up to a year, up to 400-1010-in adolescents 7-14 years old
Phosphorus - up to 30 mg/kg/day. Deviation - problems with bone tissue or kidneys
Calcium -2.1 +/- 0.27 mg/kg/day
Oksalates - 8.0- 17.0 mg/day
Potassium -for infants 12-29; Children from 1 to 14 years old-35-78 meek/day. The reasons for deviations can be intoxication, problems with the urinary system
Sodium -children up to a year 6.5-13.6 meek/day; from year to six-51.0-133.0 meek/day; from 7 to 14-87.0-217.0 meek/day

Calcium urine analysis in children - decryption, norm

An analysis of urine for calcium in children can also be carried out on a biochemical analysis of urine and based on a sample on Sulkovich. Calcium - Salmated participant in muscle contractions, blood coagulation. Contained mainly in bone tissue. In a biochemical analysis, it should be 0.25-3.75 mmol/day.

Calcium urine test will show whether vitamin D will be enough in the body

Calcium deficiency indicates about a lack of vitamin D, rickets, bone diseases or hypothyroidism. An overestimated value is about the problems of the endocrine system.

Urine analysis for pyelonephritis in children, decryption

If the child’s kidney disease is suspected, three main types of urine tests will be informative: general analysis, according to Nechiporenko and according to Zimnitsky. General laboratory indicatorsThe following problems in this state of the child are the following:

An overestimated amount of white blood cells
The presence of bacteria in the urine
The presence of protein in the urine
Rarely - blood in the urine

Analysis for acetone in children: decryption, norm

Normally, acetone should be absent in the urine of the child. The presence of one to three positive values \u200b\u200bindicates the severity of the violation of the process of fat metabolism and the assimilation of carbohydrates.

Analysis for acetone can be carried out at home using a strip test — Analysis for acetone can be carried out at home using a test strip

You can find out about whether there is an acetone in the urine of a child yourself. For this, there are special for the sale of pharmacies acetone tests In the form of strips. Having lowered such a strip into the urine, you can install whether acetone is in it even in a small amount. Even a slightly positive result is an occasion to see a doctor!

What does mucus in the analysis of urine mean a child

If you get the results of the analysis, you found the value of "slightly" or "+" In the column "Mucus" - It is not worthwhile to worry significantly. The fact is that the cause of such a situation can be many factors that are in no way related to the state of health of your child. This may be the reason:

Insufficiently thorough hygiene of the genitals before the fence of the material
Insufficient sterility of the capacity for transporting results
Long, more than 3 hours, idle with material in a warm and bright place

Mucus in urine analysis may appear due to improper collection of biomaterial or storage

In order to make sure that the presence of mucus is the result of one from the above points, as a rule, a second analysis is prescribed. If the mucus indicator is “significant” or «+++» And more - this is a symptom of the problems of infection of the genitourinary system.

What does “salt in the analysis of urine in a child” mean?

In the precipitation of urine of the child, quite often found salt. The reason for this can be poorly developed the function of the kidneys to process salt. Quantitative definition in the results of the analysis is indicated from one plus to four.

Availability one or two "+"- It should not cause much concern. Just pay attention to the diet of the child. Three or more pluses, especially regularly - a sign kidney function And problems with the gastrointestinal tract.

What does the urine analysis mean leukocytes in a child?

The norm of the number of leukocytes in urine analysis differs in girls and boys. Girls have 1-8, in boys-5-7 units.

Leukocytes in the urine may indicate the presence of infection

In newborns, leukocytes are often caused by the incorrect fence of the material. If, when re -survey, the number exceeds the permissible values, you need to conduct more thorough research - this may be the reason infectious and inflammatory processes genitourinary system.

What does protein mean in the analysis of urine in a child?

Ideally Squirrel in the analysis of urine should not be. But in a newborn, a small amount is considered the norm, and in children up to 6 months it can be a signal of overfeeding.

Children have a slight concentration - up to 0.036 g/l should not cause anxiety and may be the result of many reasons:

Allergies
Fatigue
Stress
Significant physical activity

If the protein value in the general urine analysis from 1 to 3 g/l, then a more thorough study should be carried out to diagnose the cause of the deviation.

Follow the health of your children, go on time and take tests in order to have an idea of \u200b\u200bthe baby’s health status. Do not neglect the health of the child, because children are the main thing that is in the life of each of us.