Amoebiasis - symptoms and treatment in adults and children

Amoebiasis is a disease that is excited by parasites. Learn about the process of identification and treatment methods from the article.

Content

Amoebiasis - The disease that arose as a result of the presence of parasitic amoebas in the human body. This disease does not have comforting statistics - the number of people undergoing infection is 10% of the total mass of the population of all countries. Therefore, amoebiasis takes the second place in terms of mortality rate in the list of dangerous infectious diseases.

The occurrence and primary symptoms of amoebiasis in adults

It spreads mainly in countries with hot climate and low level of comfort. Recently, the disease has spread to developed countries thanks to the flow of immigrants. The disease is transmitted by oral and fecal means. The infection enters the human body through drinking water, food, tactile contacts with household items or with non -sterile dishes, as well as with non -compliance with sanitary norms and hygiene - poorly washed hands.

This disease can be expressed in two types:

Intestinal amoebiasis, in which there is an increased amount of daily stool with a bloodstream, pain symptoms, a decrease in body weight, and loss of limb sensitivity.
Extracurricular amoebiasis - characterized by a manifestation of inflammatory foci in tissues of lungs, liver and other organs.

In the human body, there are more than one type of such simple forms and only one of them is pathogenic - the dysentery form of the amoeba . Amoebiasis It has several forms of manifestation in a different symptomatic picture. A more common form of the disease is expressed in the form of dysentery colitis. Amoebic dysentery occurs when infected with a unicellular parasite - histological amoea. The scientific name for microorganism is Entamoeba Histolytica. Most often found in the switches of the colon.

There are two forms of this parasite:

Cyst - Promotes the propagation of infection and is an inactive form.
Trophosotes - accumulates in the intestines. It has an active form only within the framework of the human body, when it enters the external environment, it dies. It can become a pathogen of diarrhea, as a result of which it is excreted from the intestines. In the absence of diarrhea - degenerate into cyst.

The pathogen infection occurs through contact with the carrier of infection or non -compliance with hygiene rules and particles of infected feces in the body. The nature of the disease can be chronic or in the stage of exacerbation. The duration of the incubation period is from a week to six months.

Primary amoebias symptoms:

Abundant stool up to six times a day with mucus elements.
Later, the number of bowel movements and discharge increases more than 10 times a day, while blood impurities are observed in the feces.
The chair becomes jelly -like consistency and loses condensation.
In a severe form of the disease - body temperature rises, spasms in the lower abdomen are increased, nausea and vomiting are observed.
However, in the initial stage of the disease, the human body temperature remains unchanged.

Symptoms of amoebiasis in children

Flow amoebiasis in children It has its own characteristics and some difference between symptomatic signs. In the initial stage, the disease is not diagnosed by an external basis - it is possible to determine the presence of parasites only with a laboratory study of the feces of the child. In the future, the development of the disease gains a more pronounced characteristic.

The disease with amoebiasis causes an increase in temperature to 39 degrees.
There is nausea and vomiting, frequent urge to defecation.
The stool is liquid with the presence of clots of mucus.
The disease in children lasts up to six weeks, after which an improvement can be observed and this condition will last up to several months, and then return to the stage of exacerbation of the disease. Such a course of the disease significantly depletes the immune barrier of the child’s body and causes a breakdown, anemia, and loss of appetite.
Often children indicate unpleasant taste sensations in the oral cavity, burning and pain symptoms of the tongue.
The appearance of the child is expressed by pallor of the skin, loss in weight, lethargy, decrease in muscle tone, dehydration.
Creeping heart rate can be traced.
The children's body is more difficult to cope with a similar disease due to its fragile immunity. If treatment and preventive measures are not carried out in time, an acute form can develop into a chronic form with more complex and prolonged treatment. It is important to accustom the child to hygiene, because the bulk of the infected children occurs due to the lack of elementary skills in this direction.

Extracurricular amoebiasis

This is an advanced form of amoebic colitis, which most often affects the liver tissue.

The liver pathology is manifested by an increase in the size of the organ, yellowing or gray skin tone, fever.
Also, the disease can settle in lung tissues.
It should be noted that the patient develops such symptoms as: difficulty breathing, chills, pain in the chest, the release of sputum with coughing with impurities of mucus and blood. If the zone of amoebiasis is the skin, erosive and ulcerative foci are detected, having a sharp unpleasant odor.
Most often, such inflammations are found in the zone of buttocks, anus and perineum. There is a special type of disease - amoebiasis of the genitourinary zone.
The infection penetrates the genitourinary system through inflammatory manifestations and impaired integrity of the mucous membrane of the rectum. As a result, the disease can provoke the development of cancer in the uterine region in women.
In men, the infection causes ulcerative rashes and warts on the genitals. The most dangerous type of this disease is - cerebral form of amoebiasis.
The rapid development of infection causes severe headaches and high temperature. This form of the disease is difficult to detect during a person’s life and, as a rule, ends fatal. The form of amoebic pericarditis is considered no less dangerous in the disease: as a result of the rupture of the purulent bag, its contents enters the heart of the pericardium and causes the heartbeat.

The infection can arrive in the body for a long time, absolutely not showing any signs of existence. It survives due to the absorption of the internal resources of the intestines and other organs: bacteria and varieties of mushrooms.
The trigger for the development of pathogenic form can be all kinds of inflammatory processes: digestive disorders, ulcerative formations or manifestations of gastritis.
All this allows you to penetrate infection deep into the tissues of internal organs and develop parasitic activity. A special composition of the enzymes secreted by amoea is capable of corroding the mucous membrane of the intestinal walls, forming ulcerative foci - in this way the amoeba captures large areas of the tissue for further reproduction.
The regeneration of the intestinal mucosa occurs with the formation of scars at the site of damage, and this leads to the development of false polyps and stenosis. The danger of the disease is that the destructive function of amoeba can lead to the development of intestinal obstruction, oncology and constipation.
Once in the blood, the infection can spread to all organs of the human body, not excluding the brain, and cause irreversible pathological processes there.

General symptoms of amoebiasis

The disease is divided into two groups - ostentatious and asymptomatic amebiasis. Among the general symptoms of the disease, the following can be distinguished:

Inhibition of the immune system, disturbance of digestion and metabolism, as well as the manifestation of intoxication of the body with parasite enzymes.
Increasing temperature, loss of strength, chills, anemia, headache and pain in the lower abdomen
Insomnia, irritability.
Loss of appetite, flatulence and diarrhea.

The temperature rises

Diagnosis of amoebiasis

If amoebiaz is suspected, the disease can only be diagnosed with laboratory tests.

To do this, you need to hand over the following types of tests and undergo the relevant research procedures:

Analysis of feces for amoebiasis.
Materials for the study of affected tissues - biopsy.
The study of the rectal cavity of the rectum and the stroke of the rectal region.
Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and internal organs.
The chest x -ray in case of suspicion of the lung form of the disease.
In the case of cerebral shape - CT of the brain.

In the study of feces for the presence of pathogens - it is recommended to take tests up to six times. This must be done in order to exclude a repeat of the disease.

Methods of treatment with amoebiasis

The patient with amoebiasis needs hospitalization of an infectious hospital department. This is especially true for the severe form of the disease and the extracurricular variety of the disease.

In the treatment, drugs are used for total elimination of the symptoms of the disease. Medicines are also prescribed to restore the level of electrolytes, against dehydration of the body that compensate for the amount of blood lost.
The treatment regimen is established on the basis of complex therapy, in order to avoid the growth of amoeba in other body tissues: the parasite has the ability to hide in various places of the intestine, thereby being outside the area of \u200b\u200baction of some drug. For this, medicine is used in medicine combined treatment practicewhich gives the most effective result in the fight against the amoeba parasite. In case of inaccessibility of drug treatment, surgical intervention is recommended in the presence of abscesses in the body.
This procedure is performed to prevent purulent fluid from the entrance of the human body. If the lesion is small, a puncture is performed using an ultrasound of the technology: after extracting the contents of the abscess, antibacterial drugs are administered into the damage zone.

For ulcerative foci and pathologies of necrosis, a resection is performed on the colon with the subsequent layering of colostoma. Methods and methods of treatment should choose and conduct only a specialist. After the treatment period, it is recommended to repeat the diagnosis after 1-3 months during the first half of the year after the procedures.

Preventive treatment of amoebiasis

The main way to avoid this disease is to observe hygiene. It is especially worth being careful when traveling to exotic countries with a low standard of living: try not to eat street food and not filtered water, wash your hands after each contact with the external environment.

It is useful to eat garlic, sea buckthorn, caraway seeds, hawthorn, bird cherry. It is also useful to use tincture from eucalyptus or black poplar leaves.
It is necessary to monitor the sanitary norm of sewage and wastewater - do not swim in dirty water.

Timely seeking a doctor with suspicious symptoms is also a prevention from complications of the disease. In most cases, regular diagnosis of infection helps to identify the threat of the disease in the early stages, during this period microorganisms are easier to treat and medicine can completely eliminate amoebas.

People living in the absence of sewage, as well as those related to food industry professions, children's institutions, employees of cleaning buildings, volunteers in countries with a low social level are at risk. For prevention, they recommend a systematic medical examination and testing at least once a year.