List of basic diseases of the endocrine system: causes, signs, symptoms. What tests are taken for diseases of the endocrine system?

Endocrine diseases are numerous and diverse, and their course and symptoms are often unpredictable. We will talk about how to determine the disease of endocrine organs and their specifics in this article.

Endocrine system performs the most important function - regulates the work of internal organs through the development of special substances - hormones.

Often in the work of this large and important system there are malfunctions and then arise endocrine diseases. What diseases of the endocrine system are, how do you proceed and what consequences do you learn from this article.

Basic diseases of the endocrine system, list

Hormones play a huge role - They affect the physical parameters of a person, his psycho -emotional state and physiological processes.

If the work of the endocrine system for some reason is violated, then there are pathological processes in which:

• the process of hormone production is violated
• hormones are produced in reduced or increased amounts
• the processes of transportation or absorption of the hormone are violated
• an abnormal hormone is produced
• stability against hormonal action is developed

Any similar failure in the endocrine system leads to the development of the disease. Highlight such the most common endocrine system diseases:

• Hypothyroidism - the disease due to hypofunction of the thyroid gland, when an insufficient amount of hormones is produced. The disease is characterized by a slowdown in metabolic processes, which leads to a number of symptoms, which at the initial stage are written off for ordinary fatigue. Hypoteriosis is more likely to suffer women than men - in the fair sex, ailment is observed 19 times more common
• Diabetes - a disease that develops against the background of a complete or partial lack of insulin, which leads to a violation of metabolic processes. Fat, proteins and carbohydrates are poorly absorbed, incomplete glucose breakdown occurs, which causes hyperglycemia. This leads to related symptoms of diabetes and complications
• Goiter - Violation of the production of thyroid hormones (its hypo- or hyperfunction), accompanied by dysplasia (an increase in a size that is not associated with the occurrence of a tumor). The most common cause of goiter is the lack of iodine foods, which is necessary for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland.
• Thyrotoxicosis - Hyperfunction of the thyroid gland. Many organs and systems due to excess thyroid hormones change their work, which leads to a number of specific symptoms
• Autoimmune thyroiditis - destructive changes in the tissues of the thyroid gland caused by the failure of the immune system in which immune cells destroy the thyroid cells, perceiving them as foreign agents
• Hyporathyroidism - hypofunction of the parathyroid glands, which is expressed in the occurrence of seizures with convulsions
• Hyperparathyroidism - Excessive production of parathormone, which is produced by parathyroid glands. Accompanied by a violation of the metabolism of some microelements
• Gigantism - Excessive production of a growth hormone, which leads to an increased but proportional body development. In adults, the hyperfunction of this hormone provokes an increase in the size of individual parts of the body

Video: Diseases of the endocrine system

Symptoms of endocrine diseases

The endocrine system includes all glands of internal secretionTherefore, endocrine diseases have a wide range of various symptoms.

Some signs of these pathological conditions are often written off to fatigue, stress or overeating, while the disease begins to progress.

The most common symptoms of endocrine diseases:

• fatigue, muscle weakness
• a sharp change in weight (its set or weight loss with a constant diet)
• heart pain, heart heartbeat
• fever, sweating
• unnatural excitability
• drowsiness
• far -hearted urination
• a constant feeling of thirst
• increasing pressure accompanied by headaches
• memory deterioration
• diarrhea

Symptoms of endocrine diseases It is mixed - The patient can suspect a variety of ailments.

Only a professional approach to treatment and the delivery of blood tests for hormones will help put all points over the “i” and establish the right reason for malaise.

Risk factors of endocrine diseases

Endocrine diseases may occur quite unexpectedly For the patient, or may be quite expected. So, there are certain groups of people who have a tendency To one or another ailments of the endocrine system.

Experts distinguish such risk factors:

• Age -Most often, people who have crossed a 40-year line are subject to failures in the work of internal secretion glands.
• Hereditary predisposition - many diseases of the endocrine system are inherited, for example, diabetes are often observed in parents and children
• Overweight - More than 80% of people suffering from obesity are faced with problems in the work of internal secretion glands
• Improper nutrition - an unbalanced diet leads to malfunctions in the work of many organs and systems - endocrine is no exception
• Bad habits - It has been scientifically established that both alcohol and tobacco smoking negatively affect the work of the endocrine glands
• Reduced physical activity - People who move little have a slow metabolism, overweight and poor blood supply to the endocrine glands, which affects their work

Thus, to the development of endocrine diseases Many have a predisposition. But, if there is nothing to be done with heredity and age, then all other factors can easily be changed and protect your health.

Diagnosis of endocrine diseases

Determine the presence of an endocrine disease can only an endocrinologist, Therefore, do not try to make a diagnosis for yourself, and even more so to prescribe any treatment.

In determining the malfunction failures of internal secretion, effective are such diagnostic methods:

1. Visual inspection - Already at the first appointment, the doctor can determine the presence of an endocrine disease according to the patient’s external condition: this will indicate the condition of the skin, the proportionality of body parts, pigmentation of the skin in various places, an increase in the thyroid gland, and atypical grid
2. Palpation - if there are no visible signs of the disease, then the development of such a disease as goiter will be able to determine by probing the thyroid gland
3. Blood test for sugar and hormones - The most indicative diagnostic method. A change in the normal level of hormones in the blood gives the specialist the reason to suggest the presence of any disease, and related symptoms will help to establish the exact cause
4. Ultrasound

In addition to the main methods of diagnosing endocrine diseases, the doctor may also use additional, such as:

• x -ray examination
• cT scan
• auscultation

What hereditary diseases of the endocrine system exist?

Many endocrine diseases occur due to mutation processes in genes. Such a mutation becomes a hereditary factor that is transmitted from generation to generation. Select such hereditary diseases of the endocrine system:

• Popophysar nanism - insufficient products with the hormone pituitary gland, as a result of which dwarfism and insufficient sexual development develops
• Diabetes (both an insulin -dependent form and insulin -dependent)
• Adrenogenital syndrome - insufficient production of some corticosteroids and excessive production of others
• Hypoteriosis - If a woman during pregnancy does not control the level of thyroxine with hypothyroidism, then he can transmit her child

The listed diseases are not necessarily diagnosed immediately at birth. Some of them can manifest itself throughout life and even at old age.

Children's diseases of the endocrine system

Endocrine organs of the child They make up a fragile system that, under the action of adverse factors, can fail.

Since the child’s body grows and develops, the glands of internal secretion change with it, and negative effects from-while for a long time may not have their effects due to specific endocrine compensation mechanisms.

Compensation mechanisms protect the body until a certain time and at any time can be neutralized, which will lead to the development of an endocrine disease.

Children are most often diagnosed such endocrine diseases:

• Diabetes - The most common disease of the endocrine system in children. Of the 70 million patients with diabetes around the world, 10% are children
• Gigantism - non -standard indicators of the growth of the child or individual parts of the body caused by the action of hormones. It is most clearly manifested in adolescence, but can make itself felt before
• Brain gigantism -accelerated growth of the child during the first 4-5 years of life caused by brain disorders
• Dwarf -The slow growth of the child due to the dysfunction of the pituitary gland. The main reasons for the malfunction of this department of the brain are heredity or development of the tumor
• Izenko -Cushing's disease - The pathology of the adrenal glands, in which excessive products of active substances occur - glucocorticoids. The child develops obesity and high pressure.
• Hypoteriosis
• Hyperthyroidism
• Goiter

Treatment of endocrine diseases in children aimed at maintaining vital processes and functions if the disease is incurable or to correction of the condition.

Endocrine system diseases during pregnancy

It was previously believed that pregnancy and endocrine diseases are incompatible. Today, medicine has stepped forward and a woman -patient it may become a mother, if he monitors his health and follow the instructions of the doctors.

Pregnancy with hypoternosis:

1. Before planning pregnancy, a woman should enter the state compensation of the disease
   2. When the pregnancy has occurred, at the direction of the doctor, it is necessary to increase the dose of levotiroxin, usually on 50% of the usual
   3. Endocrinologist must control the condition of the woman throughout the entire period of pregnancy
   4. Idotherapy is shown

Pregnancy with diabetes:

1. Careful obstinate preparation
   2. achievement of compensation of the disease
   3. Frequent insulin control, constant correction of its doses
   4. Specialized assistance in childbirth

Woman with diabetes mellitus should be aware of all the risks of pregnancy With such a complex disease.

Often there are miscarriages, the child is born dead, or after birth he needs special care in order to save life. Do not forget that diabetes is inherited And there is a high probability that your child will also arise.

Tyrotoxicosis and pregnancy:

A woman in a position can continue thireostatic treatment - This will not have a destructive effect on the fetus. Mandatory state control of an endocrinologist and early registration.

Thyroid cancer during pregnancy:

With this disease, it is mandatory surgical interventionwhich is recommended to be carried out on 20-24 weeksfetal development. If the tumor does not progress, then its removal can be carried out after childbirth.

Important: with serious endocrine diseases, it is necessary Discuss the possibility of pregnancy With the attending physician.

If the conception has already occurred, then it is necessary as soon as possible to register In women's consultation - this will help protect the life of the child and your health.

Tests for diseases of the endocrine system

• Endocrine diseases are diverse and very often their diagnosis is difficult
• This happens for the reason that most of the endocrine glands, except for thyroid and testicles, you can neither palpate nor examine
• In addition, a blood test for hormones shows their concentration, but does not say anything about their metabolism, which is extremely important to know to make a diagnosis

For diagnosis of endocrine diseases Analyzes are carried out:

• radiimmune study
• on hormones (determining the content of hormones in the blood)
• on sugar (in blood, in the urine)
• glucose tolerance test

Remember that before the delivery of any analysis is necessary adhere to certain rulesthat can be clarified by the doctor. If they are not observed, the results of the analysis can be false.

The consequences of endocrine diseases

Hormones They play an important regulatory role in the body and if their production is disturbed, then this can carry a variety of negative consequences for the body.

First of all, the work of many internal organs, metabolic processes is violated, functions of the glands of internal secretionSomatic disorders and cosmetic defects occur.

• People suffering from endocrine diseases, sometimes become hostages of their condition. Constant administration of drugs, hormones, supporting therapy sometimes become lifelong
• In addition to the underlying disease, concomitant often arise, which further worsen the well -being and condition of the patient
• Endocrine diseases must be treated, but if a cure is impossible, then correction of the state is always possible and its relief using various drugs
• Do not forget that their appointment is in competence only an endocrinologist and do not aggravate the position by self -medication

Take care of your health!

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