The deepest point of the oceans is the Mariana cavity. The history of the opening of the Mariana Slok, immersion to the bottom. Does anyone live at the bottom of the Mariana Slot?

From this article you will learn about the Mariana hollow.

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The deepest on Earth is the Mariana cavity that in the Pacific, near the Mariana Islands, south of Japan. In the southeastern part there is the deepest point-10.99 km. We will learn about this place in more detail.

The history of the discovery of the Mariana Slok

The first time the navigation appliance was measured in the Mariana hollow, in 1875. These were the sailors of the British ship Challenger. They set a depth of 8.36 km.

Then, in subsequent years, there were many measurements - and all are different. For a long time it was believed that the depth of the deepest point is 11.02 km, since it is difficult to measure at such a great depth, due to different indicators of sound speed near the surface and at great depths.

According to the latter, more accurate measurements in 2011, the deepest point in the Mariana cavity took a depth of 10.994 km with an accuracy of plus/minus 40 m.

Diving to the bottom in the Mariana hollow

The first immersion on the bottom of the Mariana Slok was made at the end of January 1960. At the bathyscaphe. These were american military Don Walsh And researcher depths Jacques Picar. They visited Ch. 10 km for 3 hours. In the ocean depths of the hollow, they met flat, like flounder, fish. The temperature of the water at this depth plus 2 degrees Celsius.

The third person who descended to the greatest depth on the ground - the Mariana Baby, also on the bathyscaphe, was the famous American director James Cameron. It was in March 2012. He was close at the bottom for 6 hours, took samples of breed and living unicellular animals from the bottom, made shots a modern camera for the future film.

Mariana cavity through the eyes of a geologist

If mentally cut the globe, then the Mariana cavity will look in the form of a V-shaped gutter with steep slopes, which stretches from south to north, 2500 km, in the form of a crescent, along the Mariana Islands. The bottom of the hollow is relatively flat, up to 5 km wide. A groove formed between two large tectonic plates (Pacific and Philippine).

And yet, the bottom and slopes of the hollows are not even everywhere, underwater mountains are also found. In one place, at a depth of 4 km, the current volcano entitled Daikoku. A liquid boiling sulfur with a temperature of 187̊ Celsius is erupted from it. This is nowhere else on Earth, this is the only place.

At a depth, 2 km is close from the surface in the ocean, hot geysers with a water temperature of 450̊c are hit, the water is saturated with hydrogen sulfide. The boiling of water does not occur, since at such a depth the density of water is 150 times higher than on the surface of the ocean. But when meeting hot water with cold, from minerals and hydrogen sulfide, they are formed in hot water black sulfides.

In the northern part of the depression there is a place called scientists "Champagne"where they are erupted from the bottom gaseers with carbon dioxide in liquid formhaving a temperature close to 80̊c.

Does anyone live in the Mariana hollow?

In the Marianic hollow, the most marine inhabitants were met by researchers at a depth between 500 m and 6.5 km. These are various types of fish:

Summing in the dark
Flat
Transparent with translucent insides
One -eyed, reminiscent of a telescope
Small fish, but with a large mouth
Clotted sharks
Sharks-goblins up to 6 m in length

At a depth of 2 km, in the place where sulfides form, Mariana mollusks in the shells were found. And this is amazing, because in other places, in the presence of hydrogen sulfide in the water, mollusks cannot live.

Scientists suggested that the sand lay on the bottom of the Mariana cavity, but it turned out that at the bottom a thick layer of mucus formed from the remains, bones of fish and unicellular animals that settle from the surface. From the animal world, only unicellular (amoebs up to 20 cm in diameter), shrimp, worms and bacteria were met at the bottom.

So, we learned in more detail about the Mariana cavity, and it was studied very weakly, only 5%.