Rare animals of the Red Book of Russia and the world: mammals, birds, amphibians, insects, reptiles with descriptions and photographs. How to explain to children what a red book is?

In this article, you can learn about the rare animals of the world and Russia, listed in the Red Book and protected by law.

Content

The Red Book of Animals of Russia - what is it?

Acquaintance with animals of the Red Book should begin in childhood. Children of primary school age from the very young age will understand that animal destruction cannot be allowed. It should be explained to children that the world of animals should be protected, it is especially necessary to attribute to enduring rare species.

This article is a hint for parents, teachers, older children who want to recognize themselves and tell children about the Red Book, get acquainted with rare species of various animals listed in the Red Book. Brief descriptions, photos of rare animals are presented here.

There are a huge number of animals in the world. But, unfortunately, many of them are at the stage of disappearance. The populations of some species of animals gradually disappear from the face of the globe, many species have already died out.

The reason for the reduction of animal populations is, first of all, human activity. Most often, people can unconsciously harm not only animals, but also plants. This occurs as a result of pollution of the environment atmospheric toxic substances, deforestation, during the development of new lands and other anthropogenic actions. But, unfortunately, some people deliberately destroy animals. Such people are called poachers. For the sake of valuable fur, meat, tusks, poachers destroy animals around the world. The problem of poaching is very serious in many countries of the world.

Currently, the following animals are no longer in nature:

Horse Tarpan
Turan Tiger
Sea cow
Tour

Now these species can only be found on the pages of encyclopedias. But once they existed in our nature, were a large part of the fauna.

Important about: In order to protect animals, it was created Red Book. The book is called this because red color symbolizes danger, anxiety. The book exists to draw the attention of all people to the existing problem of extinction of animal and plant species. Not only animals, but also rare species of plants and mushrooms are included in the Red Book. In our country, there is also a red book of animals.

The pages of the Red Book have their own colors, which mean:

Black - animals listed on these pages have already died out.
Red - denotes animals on the verge of disappearance.
Yellow - rare species of animals that have not yet disappeared.
Green - restored populations.
White - species of animals that are in doubt of disappearance.

For the first time, the Red Book of the USSR appeared in 1978. Since then, the book has been repeatedly complemented by the new animal names. The Red Book and the animals listed in it are protected by law. The Red Book is a state document.

There are regional books, in them you can see rare animals of a certain region. Huge work is carried out to identify rare and endangered species of animals. Some species are called into question, the red book also allows you to maintain the number of rare animals and revive their population. For example, thanks to the protection and custody, a person managed to restore such species of animals as moose, river beaver, beetle, beauty.

Video: Red Book of Russia

Mammals of the Red Book of Russia: Names, photos, description

The list of disappearing animal species is very large. We will list the most famous of them.

Amur tiger

One of the largest representatives of the cat family. In size, only Bengal Tiger is inferior. The Amur or Ussuri Tiger lives in the Far East of Russia. The tiger is adapted to survival in cold conditions thanks to the thick layer of fat. Amur tigers live one by one. Sometimes females can be found in a group. The weight of the animal can reach 250 kg. This type needs a huge territory in which it will be the master (0.5-1 km). In the wild, the tiger lives for 15 years, in captivity lives up to 20 years.

Polar bear

A large predator that lives near the Bering and the Chukchi Sea. The Chukotka area of \u200b\u200bwhite bears is considered the largest in the world. Among the white bears, the high mortality of young animals is widespread. Dies 10-30% cubs, and bears propagate slowly. This makes the form vulnerable. The mass of the male body can reach 450 kg, and cubs weighing 700 g are born. The White Bear is considered a symbol of the Arctic.

Red Wolf

A rare type of dog. The red wolf is largely different from its counterparts - gray wolves. It can be confused with a fox, it is distinguished by a reddish tint of the skin, a fluffy tail. Scientists put forward the opinion that not a person caused the extinction of this species, but nature. It is believed that in the disappearance of their brothers, gray wolves are to blame, with which the Reds cannot compete in strength.

Bison

This huge representative of the greenhouse lives on average 23-25 \u200b\u200byears. Basically, bison live in nurseries. So it is possible to save their population. They are also released. The bison live in small herds consisting of females and calves. Bulls live one by one. The bison, as a rule, does not attack a person, behaves calmly.

Altai Mountain Baran

It lives in the mountainous regions of Altai, in Eastern Siberia. Due to the fact that the species lives in hard-to-reach places, it is difficult to track the number. Often mountain rams are attacked by wolves and other predators, which reduces their numbers. It is famous for its luxurious horns, which is why it becomes tasty prey for hunters.

Snow Leopard

Another name is Irbis. In Russia, an insignificant part of the total number of snow leopards (10-20%) lives in Russia. The habitat in Russia - Buryatia, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Altai, Khakassia. The snow leopard is a flexible large cat with a beautiful smoky gray color and ring spots. Irbis lives in the wild for about 13 years, in captivity, the life span increases to 21 years.

Dolphin Afalin

Afalins are very friendly dolphins. They do not attack a person, on the contrary, show interest. There are cases when Afalin flocks surrounded people in the ring, protecting them from shark. There are also cases when Afalins saved drowning surfers. These are very smart animals. It is proved that in captivity they are often stressed, which affects the life expectancy of their life.

Caucasian European mink

It is a subspecies of European mink. It lives in the Caucasus in small rivers and streams. For a long time, the mink was destroyed in order to extract valuable fur.

Birds of the Red Book of Russia: Names, photos, description

Important: there are a lot of birds in need of protection. Often birds become prey of predators, die. In addition, birds die out due to habitat, deforestation, and drainage of swamps.

Below are several representatives of birds from a large list of dying. It is worth knowing them to protect and help survive.

Red kite

Kite is a predatory bird of the hawk family. This is a medium -sized bird. It reaches about 70 cm in length. Seeing prey, the kite flies down with a stone and grabs it with its sharp claws. In Russia, it lives within the Kaliningrad, Pskov regions, as well as in the Caucasus. The reason for the extinction of kite is the hunt of people for these birds. Kite often hunt poultry, which causes people a negative attitude to species.

Black stork

The bird of the family with a characteristic black color. This bird shunes people, hides, so it is difficult to observe the life of a black stork.

Mandarin

A small forest duck with a bright color. In Russia, tangerine lives on Sakhalin, in the Amur Region, in the Khabarovsk Territory. More often mandarin can be found in reserves and zoos. In the will of the tangerine, the nests in hollows by the water are driven, it lives near the reservoirs. It rarely dives, only if wounded. Chicks are very sensitive to cold, often perish. Often this bird becomes the prey of raccoon dogs and people, which greatly influenced the number of species.

Steppe and stone eagle

These two species are listed in the Red Book of Russia as dying species. This large bird of the hawk family travels on the ground, in small bushes, in the rocks. The nest is rarely on the tree. It feeds on rodents, small birds, carrion. Eagles are dying, especially young animals, as a result of a shock on the wires of power lines.

Owl

A large predator from the owl family. The eagle owl is adapted to life in various areas, but most often settles away from a person. It feeds on mice, hedgehogs, small amphibians and birds. Filin has a kind of voice that changes depending on the situation. Filin often die as a result of a shock on power lines.

Mountain goose

A migratory bird that is famous for a record high flight. The case of the flight of mountain geese was recorded at an altitude of 10 thousand meters. The mountain goose is an endangered view. There are about 1,500 individuals in Russia in Russia, most of the Altai and a small part in Tuva.

White partridge

It lives in the tundra, taiga, forests. White partridge changes its color depending on the season. In winter - it is white, in the summer - brown. Leads a ground lifestyle, takes off in rare cases. When a harsh winter begins in the habitat of the white partridge, it flies into warmer places.

Earth -water Red Book of Russia: Names, photos, description

Earthovodes are similar to reptiles and fish. This is a class of primitive vertebrates of four -legged animals. The number of amphibians is reduced due to contamination of their habitat by man. Meanwhile, amphibians play an important role in nature. They eat insects that can harm both agricultural crops and be carriers of various diseases.

The following types of amphibians are entered in the Red Book of Russia:

Kamyshovaya toad

It has coloring from sand to gray-olive. Body length is about 8 cm. You can recognize the appearance by a yellowish strip located along the back. The skin of reed toad is covered with tubercles. In Russia, only one habitat is known - the Kaliningrad region. The life expectancy of this species is about 15 years. The toad lives in lowlands, loves well -warmed areas, bordering on moist places.

Caucasian toad

The largest representative of amphibians living in Russia. Body length is about 12.5 cm. The color of small frogs is orange, adult frogs - brown or grayish. The Caucasian toad settles in the hollows of trees, in the voids of the soil. The threat to the number of Caucasian toads is a raccoon-strip that feeds on this species.

Ussuri Triton

A large caudate triton with dimensions of about 9 cm. It lives in cold streams with a water temperature not higher than 12*s. A prerequisite for the life of the Ussuri Triton is the presence of stones or pebbles on the shore, as well as high humidity of the coast. In case of danger, Triton burrows into the stones. The Ussuri Triton has no lungs, breathes skin, so it does not tolerate drying of the skin.

Triton Karelin

Of the genus of Tritons, Triton Karelin is the largest. Some individuals can reach 18 cm in length. The habitat is the Crimean peninsula. The skin of Triton Karelin is rough, has large granularity. Color is gray, brown with dark spots. A abdomen of yellow or orange color. During the wedding season, males have a comb. Males have been living for 8 years, females - 11 years old.

Ordinary Triton

Males and females can only be distinguished in the marriage period. The male has a comb, it becomes larger than a female in size. An ordinary Triton has a distinctive feature - a longitudinal dark strip passing through the eyes. In captivity, ordinary Triton can live up to 20 years. In the natural environment, the number of newns is reduced due to pollution of water bodies. It is known that in conditions of natural habitat, Triton lives no longer than 6 years.
Syrian garlic. E amphibian, similar to a frog, but isolated into a separate family - garlic. The Syrian garlic has large convex eyes with vertical pupils. On the territory of Russia lives in the Delta of the Samur River.

Insects of the Red Book of Russia: Names, photos, description

In Russia, insects were listed in the Red Book not immediately after the release of the book. Only after 6 years, namely in 1984, a list of insects in need of protection was published. After the October Revolution, agriculture was actively developing, but insect protection stood still. This led to a significant destruction of biotopes.

At the moment, about 100 types of insects are included in the Red Book of Russia.

These include:

The bronze is smooth

A beetle with dimensions of about 3 cm with a beautiful shiny green tint. Sometimes coloring is copper red. It lives on old trees, larvae appear in the hollows of rotten trees. You can meet bronzovka on overripe fruits on trees.

The beetle

The beetle got its name thanks to the peculiar structure of the upper jaws similar to horns. It lives in broad -leaved forests. The reduction in the population of this species occurs due to massive deforestation, as well as the destruction of the species by collectors. Often, beetles are not destroyed on purpose.

The beauty is odorous

View from the clan of the beetle. Unlike many beetles, the odorous beauty flies well, deftly moves along the branches and trunk of a tree. This beetle feeds on caterpillars and dolls. In case of danger, it distinguishes a substance with a strong smell. You can find out this beetle by its color: his head is with a blue tint, and the right-winged-green overlap with a gold overflow.

Polubyanka Filipiev

The type of butterflies, the number of which has reached a critical low level. About 6 habitats of the Dolipiev Polvyanka are known. In Russia, you can find in the south of Primorsky Territory in low shrubs along the river banks. The color of the upper wings is purple-blue, the lower-grayish with black interspersed.

The bee is wax

The type of public bees with a very small habitat in Russia. It lives in the hollows of old trees. The number of wax bees is rapidly declining. There is evidence that there are about 60 families of wax bees in total. Another name is the Chinese wax bee.

Woodcutter

A massive beetle with a large mustache. Dimensions: a female can reach a body length of 6 cm, and males are 4 cm. The largest representative from the genus of shock bugs is a relict lumberjack. The dimensions of males can reach 10 cm. The color is saturated brown. In Russia, such bugs can be found on the territory of the Black Sea coast, as well as in the Caucasus.

Reding Red Book of Russia: Names, Photos, Description

Among the reptiles there are also species that are protected, they cannot be destroyed. These types include:

Far Eastern Turtle

This type of turtles belongs to soft -bodied turtles. In Asia, the Far Eastern Turtle is a common occurrence. It is known that the meat of this turtles is eaten. However, in Russia, the view is listed in the Red Book, you can meet such a turtle in our country in small areas in the south of the Far East.

Gray Haeckon

A very small lizard is not more than 5 cm. In other countries, Gray Haeckon is not a rare species. In Russia, it is believed that gray hexcon on the verge of disappearance or completely disappeared look. The last location of the gray geckon in the territory of the Chechen Republic. Gray Haeckon loves to live in dry desert areas, desert territories or semi -deserts.

The middle lizard

The largest of the kind of green lizards. The body length can reach 17 cm, and the tail length is 25 cm. Young lizards have a brown color, and adult individuals - saturated green with black spots. In Russia, the average lizard lives in two places: Dagestan and the Krasnodar Territory.

Powder

A snake from the genus already -shaped. The Red Book of Russia includes several types of Poloz: Transcaucasian, Aesculapius, Japanese, striped, thin -tailed. Some species in Russia can be found extremely rarely. For example, the Japanese runner lives only in the Kuril Islands. The Transcaucasian outline lives in the Caucasus. The number of gloza is reduced due to the destruction of nests and the destruction of Poloz.

Cat Serpent

The view is already like that. The snake’s pupils are vertical, the head is separated from the body with interception. Color - gray, can be pinkish. The body is flattened from the sides. It lives on the territory of Dagestan. He loves slopes with rare vegetation. It climbs trees, walls well. In the hot season, the activity of a cat snake begins at night.

Gyurza

One of the most dangerous snakes for humans and animals. From the family of Viper Gyurza is the largest representative. Its length can reach 2 m. At the same time, in a dangerous situation, Gyurza can take equal lengths of its body. Even experienced Zmeelovs became a victim of Gyurza. The snake can live in various biotopes, but most often there are near springs, rivers and reservoirs.

Caucasian viper

The poison of the Caucasian viper is deadly for humans. The snake is characterized by a bright color, often black, as well as red and orange. Young individuals are brown. Males are smaller in size than females. The snake lives in broad -leaved forests, lives in vineyards, in gardens.

The squeaky geckkonchik

This is a very small lizard with dimensions no more than 4 cm. The color of the geckonchik is pale yellow with a grayish plaque. The belly is white with lemon. In Russia, you can often find a squeaky gekkonchik in the vastness of the Astrakhan region. It lives in a desert area.

Rain animals of the Red Book of the world: List, Names, Description

Important: the problem of reducing the number of animals is observed all over the world. Despite the prohibitions on hunting and a special attentive attitude to certain species of animals, the number of some species continues to strive for zero. Below is a list of the rarest animals of the world that risk being in the near future only on the pages of encyclopedias and photographs.

The rarest animals of the world:

Florida Puma. According to the latest calculations in the natural environment, there are 230 individuals of this species. Florida Puma lives in the south of Florida in the reserve. The only enemy of the Florida pum is a large alligator. Several factors led to the disappearance of the species: meager genetic material, as a result of which crossing with closely related animals, sports hunting and drainage of swamps in which this animal loves to live.
Hirola. This is a rare type of antelope in Africa. The number of Hirol is negligible, there are doubts about whether chirols exist, or the species is completely disappeared. Hirols have long uneven horns, a long face, a long body. They feed on herbal vegetation. When the grass ends, migrate to another place. For a long time without water due to a decrease in activity. The most active in the morning and evening.
Sumatran rhino. The smallest representative of the so -nasal. There are several populations, keeping records of Sumatran rhinos and it is difficult to monitor their lives due to a single lifestyle of the animal. The Sumatran rhino leads a single lifestyle with the exception of the period of birth and nursing the baby. The habits and lifestyle of the animal are not sufficiently studied, which represents the complexity of the content of this species in captivity.

The list of animals is rather big. But this is only a small part of the animals that are on the verge of disappearance. Some animals disappear due to natural disasters, but most of them, due to human cruelty, too active in humanity. Animals are our smaller brothers, we must protect them.