Rare plants of the Red Book of Russia and the world with names, descriptions and photographs are covered, gymnosperms, fern, mossy, mushrooms, lichene, plain -like: lists: lists

Find out which plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia. In the article you will find information for adults and schoolchildren about plants in need of protection.

Content

What plants are listed in the Red Book of Russia?

The plant world on Earth disappears faster than the natural course of evolution. This problem does not bypass the side and Russia. Despite the rich plant world, the flora of our country is poor in the year after year. The reasons for the global destruction and extermination of the plant world are different, for example:

Mastering virgin lands, deforestation.
Drawing swamps and building cities.
Construction of transport highways.
Changing of the climate.

In order to protect the flora, as well as fauna on Earth, a special document was created - the Red Book. It is not in vain that is called, because this color symbolizes the danger.

Important: the Red Book was created in order to regulate the protection of animals and plants at the legislative level, to revive nature, to preserve it as much as possible. The Red Book is available to everyone, it encourages all people to protect living nature.

We have article about rare animals in Russia And the world that have protection status. In this article we want to introduce you to the plant world, which no less than the animal needs a careful attitude. Many do not even think about the security status of a particular plant. Often people cut down trees and shrubs, tear off rare flowers so that they stand for several days in a vase. In the meantime, the number of certain species of plants strives for complete disappearance.

Every year, the list of plants of the Red Book is replenished, but scientists confirm the fact that it is very difficult to observe and keep records of plants. Each region has its own red book, to learn about the security status of plants of its region can be more accurately from regional books. The fact that nature needs to be protected remains undoubted. A person should not only use natural resources, but also take care of living nature. After all, without a plant world, life is impossible. The benefits of plants are primarily in the preservation of pure ecology. In addition, plants give humanity food, building material, medicines, industrial raw materials. It is unacceptable to destroy nature, children and adults should understand this.

An important role in the protection of the plant world has an explanatory work with the population. Familiarization with the species of plants under protection occurs at school age. The sooner a person has a realization that nature needs to be protected, the more chances we have to preserve the plant world.

The Red Book of Plants includes the following plants of plants:

Coaters
Gright -seed
Mokhovid
Fern
Lichens
Plaunovic
Mushrooms

Consider the species of plants listed in the Red Book of Russia.

Video: Red Book Plants

Coaters of the Red Book of Russia: Names, photos, description

Coopers -seeded plants are the largest section of plants that exceeds all other departments combined in number. The most important main distinguishing feature of coated -seeded is the presence of a flower and a closed container in the ceremony, from where the name came from.

Among the covered plants listed in the Red Book, there are a lot of different colors, shrubs, trees. Below are some of them.

Snowdrop

Among the snowdrops, several types are listed in the Red Book:

Folded
Narrow -leaved
Broad -leaved
Snowman Voronova

A snowdrop is a beautiful flower, its name fully characterizes the flower. A white beautiful flower grows literally under the snow. The reduction in the number of snowdrops occurred due to the destruction of colors along with bulbs for decorative and medicinal purposes.

Emergency

Under the security status, the non -summary is bright, magnificent and shadow. Range of growth - Crimea, Caucasus. A plant with a height of 20 cm to 60 cm grows in a mountainous area, in the steppes, in the meadows, in the shade under the trees. The flowers of the non -renunciation appear in the fall, flowering covers August and September. The plant is widely used in pharmacology. The composition includes the substance of colchicin used for skin cancer, stomach, and esophagus.

Bell

The Red Book contains the bell of Othan, Ossetian, cold -loving, Komarov, dolomite. The bell of Zabor can be found in the Krasnodar Territory. The dolomite bell grows only on the territory of the Central and East Caucasus, it is no longer anywhere to meet it. The bell blooms in the middle of summer.

Saffron

Safran valley grows in high -altitude meadows, reaches a height of about 12 cm. Saffron can grow up to 40 cm. Flowering begins in August and can last until October.

The peony is thin -leaved

Flowers of the peonov family with bright red color. The diameter of the flower within 8 cm. The peony of the thin -leaved in the steppe, on the steppe slopes, grows. In the west and in the USA, the thin -leaved peony is very appreciated, it is an expensive flower. It blooms early - in early May. One bush can have a dozen bright colors.

Mack Vostochny

Bright orange, reddish petals appear from the blue box approximately in June-July. East poppy grows in meadows, less often you can find in mountainous areas. A variety of rare poppies is Lapland poppy. The flowers of this species are yellow, and the petals are much smaller than that of the eastern poppy.

Tulip dwarf

The height of this plant is no more than 10 cm, blooms in May. Flowers are different in color, can be white, red, pink.

The lotus is nutty

A water plant with large colors with a diameter of up to 70 cm. The lotus has a weak, but delicate aroma. It is a honey plant, the bees willingly pollinate the plant. At the beginning of flowering, the flowers of the lotus are bright pink, at the end of flowering they acquire white. Flowering falls on the second half of summer. On the territory of Russia, the drill lotus can be found on the coasts of the Azov, Caspian Seas, as well as during the Amur, Ussuri, Bureya, Zeya rivers.

Schmidt birch

A rare tree in Russia can be found in the south of the Primorsky Territory. Birch got its name in honor of the botanist Fedor Schmidt. The tree grows very slowly, but for a long time up to 350 years.

Graduate plants of the Red Book of Russia: Names, photos, description

Growning plants got their name thanks to the seeds that lie openly on the surface of scales. Graduation is the oldest group of plants. The most famous gag -seed are coniferous evergreen plants.

Consider rare types of gymnosperms.

TIS berry

The plant has a different name - the red tree. The plant received this name thanks to the red pins. In Russia, the berry TIS is sometimes found in the Kaliningrad region, in the North Caucasus, in the Crimea. According to some data, TIS can live up to 4,000 years. All parts of the plant are poisonous. Cases of poisoning of both people and animals are known. No wonder in the Greek mythology of the goddess of revenge were portrayed with vi -branches in their hands.

Pine is thick

A rare wood breed in Russia. It is found in the Far East of Russia. The dense pine forms monominant forests with declining deciduous - oak, birch, ash. Previously, the dense pine was cut down, its wood was widely used for the manufacture of furniture. The reason for the reduction of the population also lies in forest fires that occur due to an abnormal heat or herbal collapse.

Coastal juniper, high

An evergreen coniferous tree up to 15 m high with a bluish crown and dark gray bark of the trunk. Places of the population - Crimea, Caucasus. The plant tolerates drought and the scorching sun well. The life expectancy of juniper is up to 600 years. It is a beautiful decorative plant.

Glen spruce

Glena spruce is named after her discoverer, florist Peter Glen. This type of spruce is for the most part in Japan, but also has a protective status in this country. In Russia, Glena spruce is a rarity. You can see the tree only on Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands. Some trees can reach 17 m.

Little larger Olginskaya

The plant grows on steep slopes on sea coasts. Often grows with curved branches and trunks. This is due to sea winds that directly affect the formation of a tree. Rarely Little Little Bank of Olginskaya reaches 30 m, 25 m - the usual height of the tree. Young branches have a thick edge of a reddish-brown color. The needles from below are sizai, on top - green.

Juniper smelly

A feature of this plant is an unpleasant odor that appears when rubbing the needles. The tree reaches a height of 16 m, the crown has the shape of a pyramid. There are separate populations in the Crimea, the Caucasus and Transcaucasia.

Sargent juniper

The plant of the family is cypress. It is undemanding to the soil, grows on sea coasts, on the rocky slopes of the mountains. Height within 1 m, the crown can be formed with a diameter of up to 2 m.

Fern and Mokhovichny plants of the Red Book of Russia: Names, photos, description

The Red Book includes not only flowers and trees. Other plants are also included here, which are less recognizable, but have more than tens of thousands of species. For example, mossy.

Important: a distinctive feature of mosses is that they do not have colors, the root system. Propagated by moss -shaped spores. There are mosses on all continents, even on Antarctica.

The Red Book of Russia includes such mosses:

The hyophilian is concave. It occurs at an altitude above sea level up to 500 m. The habitat is humused areas on the rocks. It has an erect stem and leaves up to 2.5 mm long.
Fosskhrony Alaskan. The place of distribution is the tundra. In Russia there are two places where this type of mosses is discovered-the Chukotka Peninsula and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
Marcupella is changeable. Moch lives in wet areas of rocks, on wet stones located off the coast of rivers. There are known places of distribution in the Khabarovsk Territory, the Chukchi Autonomous Okrug.

Fern plants Not always noticeable, but it is worth knowing that they are omnipresent. Paporotniki in tropics and subtropics are especially common. They love moisture and warmth very much. Paporotniki are the oldest plants, their existence in the Paleozoic era has been proved. At that time there were huge fern trees. Among the fern department there are grassy and wood forms.

Rare species of fern:

The bunny is simple. It is known the use of the bunny of simple as a sedative agent for snake bites. It grows in wet meadows, swamps, along rivers. The height of the bunger is about 15 cm. It disappears due to the development of the places of its growth.
Marsilia is bristly. There are data according to which Martian bristles is a completely disappeared look in Russia. This is a beautiful plant with leaves similar to clover. It has a horizontal stem with leaves extending upwards. Grows in water.
Martian Egyptian. An amphibian plant with a thin root system is common in the lower Volga. The cause of extinction of the species is considered to be trampled by cattle and low competitiveness among other plants.
Pirrosion is lingual. Place of distribution - Amur region. The plant can live on the trunks of trees, in the cracks of rocks, in the mountain forests. It does not survive in the neighborhood with flower or other ferns. The plant is rich in beneficial substances, is used in the treatment of rheumatism, carbuncticulosis.
Kostenets Dagestan. A rare grassy fern. Place of distribution - Dagestan. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe spread of this type of fern is about 60 m2. The cause of the disappearance of the species is, first of all, a change in climate.

Mushrooms of the Red Book of Russia: Names, photos, description

Some types of mushrooms are also rare in our country. Among them there are edible and inedible. There are mushrooms of a bizarre shape, you will not immediately think that these are mushrooms.

The griffin is curly

An edible mushroom, which can be found in the Kaluga region. It grows not annually. You can recognize the griffuled griffule by curly fleshy hats. The chicken griffin grows from June to September in broad -leaved forests (oak, beech, chestnut). Often undergoes white rot. The weight of the fruit body of the fungus can reach 10 kg. Among the mushroom pickers, this species is not popular because of its small number. It is known the use of griffins in pharmacology.

The fly agaric is pivot

A variety of a poisonous mushroom, which in Russia can be found only in the Belgorod region. It is found in broad -leaved and mixed coniferous forests. It grows in carbonate soils.

Red Reshece

Inedible mushroom, having a non -standard shape. Mature mushroom has a rounded lattice shape. Extrained fruits of gray-white color, covered with film. It grows almost all year round, except winter. Prefers the remains of rotten wood or fallen leaves of trees. If you break the mature mushroom, there will be a distinct smell of rot.

Chishkogrib is flake -bearing

The shishkogrib hat is covered with dark -colored scales. The edge of the hat has similar scales. The diameter of the hat can reach 15 cm. The pulp has no taste and smell. If you break the mushroom, the flesh will first be orange, and then turns black. A pinschgrib can grow in groups or one by one. It is considered an edible fungus, but has no taste. The mushroom is inherent in fresh taste.

Tempo -lacquered

In Asian countries, the tinder -bearing is known as Linji. In China and Korea, the tinder -worker is called the “mushroom of immortality”, since it has pronounced healing properties. The varnished tower has a shiny varnished hat. Place of distribution - stumps of rotten trees, weakened dying trees. The tower does not grow on coniferous trees, but it can be found on broad -leaved trees. The pulp is solid, has no taste and smell.

Umbrella tinder

It has a bushy shape. Many legs with small hats depart from the base. Mushroom of milk, brownish color. The pulp is white, fragrant. The mushroom is edible, has a pleasant taste. However, this applies only to young mushrooms, old mushrooms have a burning and unpleasant taste. An umbrella's tarnish is rare, the peak of growth falls in August-September.

Zvezdovik vaulted

You can find out the mushroom by its shape in the form of a star. The mushroom at the beginning of ripening has a spherical shape, then its fruit body cracks. It is considered inedible, but has biologically active substances that are used in pharmacology. In folk medicine, Zvezdovik is used as an antiseptic.

Video: rare mushroom-baran

Lichens and plaunish plants of the Red Book of Russia: Names, photos, description

Important: lichens are symbiotic organisms. A combination of mushrooms and algae. The composition of the lichens includes about 20 thousand species. Traditionally, lichens belong to lower plants. Lichens can be of different colors.

Below are species that consider in Russia a rarity.

Leptogium Burnet

The body of the lichen has a rounded shape with a diameter of up to 10 cm. The upper surface of the lichen is matte, the inner surface is covered with white hairs. The color can vary from green to blue. You can see this species on the bark and branches of coniferous and deciduous trees growing in Siberia, in the Urals.

Lobaria pulmonary

Scientists have revealed that the cause of the disappearance of pulmonary lungs is air pollution. The lichen grows on broad -leaved trees, such as oak, beech. Lobaria pulmonary has use in medicine. Based on it, drugs are prepared for the treatment of lung diseases. Grow lung lungs in the laboratory are grown.

Brioria Fremont

A feature of this type of lichen is its edibility. Brioria of Fremont grows on the branches of coniferous trees. The length of the lichen can be 15-30 cm. The layer is brilliant, the reddish-brown color is characteristic. Brush lichens, including Brioria of Fremont, loves good light. In Russia, Brioria Fremont was discovered in the Murmansk region, in the Urals, Siberia, in the Far East.

Flyary Fox

Flying Fox has a poisonous substance that is deadly for wolves and foxes. It grows on the rocks of coniferous trees. You can recognize a lichen by seeing a hanging bush of yellow-green color in size about 10 cm. In Russia, single copies of Flying Flying in the Krasnodar, Stavropol Territory, in Kabardino Balkaria were discovered.

Umbilicaria edible

In Asian countries, after proper culinary processing, Umbilicaria is consumed. The area of \u200b\u200blocation is located in China, Korea. In Russia, the area of \u200b\u200bthe range is observed. The number of this type of lichen has not been established, from the complex of security measures, it is provided for the search for new locations in the country.

IMPORTANT: Plainer plants are similar to mosses, ferns. These are perennial evergreen plants. Since the department is subject to disappearance, the species are listed in the Red Book.

Representatives plaunovic plants The Red Book of Russia is half -wishes. These are grassy plants that can grow under water and go beyond it. In appearance, the half -spaces are similar to the Zhelakovs, although they have nothing to do with them. Rare types of half -shutters:

The half -wire lake
Half -wire sea
The Half -School of Asian
The half -wire is bristly
Half -wires are demanding on the purity of water.

Raise plants of the Red Book of the World: List, Photo, Description

Rare plants are in all corners of our planet. Some of the rare plants bloom once in a life, and can rightfully be called the lucky one who saw such a rare occurrence with their own eyes.

Franklin tree

The plant was openly at the brothers-Botaniki from Philadelphia. In honor of a close friend Benjamin Franklin, the plant got its name. Franklin tree blooms with fragrant white colors. On Earth there are several places of natural growth of this plant, a Franklin tree is cultivated in the Botanical Garden of New York. It is difficult to grow a plant due to whimsicality.

Venus Shoe

This plant is called a wonderful creation of nature. Due to the unique shape of a flower in the form of a shoe, the plant has become so popular. A plant is found in Europe. Plant population came to a reduction due to the fact that people wanted to plant a Venus Bashmachk in their homeland, the plant was taken out of the area of \u200b\u200bgrowth, but it is not easy to grow in natural conditions. Currently, the plant has protection status in all European countries.

Magnolia is large -leaved

The distribution range is North America. It is a tree with white-cream flowers. Flowers have a pleasant aroma, can reach a diameter of 30 cm. Magnolia grows large -leaved in secluded places of mountain rivers and mountain slopes. Blooming of large-leaved magnolias falls on May-June.

Kadupul

A unique flower that blooms only one night. This amazing phenomenon collects many tourists who want to see and capture the flowering of a rare cadupul flower. The birthplace of the flower is the island of Sri Lanka. This flower has its own legend. It is believed that on the night of his flowering, the demigods descend to the ground to disrupt and give a beautiful flower to Buddha. Kadupul has thin white petals, exuding a thin aroma.

Palma-samobitan

This plant was found on the island of Madagascar. For a long time, local residents paid no attention to a giant palm tree until it bloomed. Many scientists watched this large tree. At first, sprouts appeared, from which multi -colored flowers with the current nectar and aroma then blossomed. This attracts a lot of insects to the tree. After flowering, the tree began to die, it spent so much effort on flowering. Currently, there are about 100 such palm trees on the island.

Risantella Gardner

This is a flower that blooms underground. In 1928, the plant was discovered in Australia. The farmer heard a pleasant smell emanating from the ground. It turned out that there was a fragrant and unusual flower underground. The plant is also known under a different name - the Western underground orchid.

Rare plants are in a vulnerable position. The protection of nature and the plant world should become part of the culture of each person. As well as animals, rare flowers, shrubs, trees requires a careful attitude. You should not destroy such plants in vain for the sake of minute joy, because in the near future these plants may not be on planet Earth.