Rectum cancer: symptoms and causes, stages, diagnosis, treatment, forecasts

Direct cancer is a very terrible disease, like any type of cancer. Let's find out how to identify and treat the disease in time.

Content

The rectum cancer is considered one of the most commonly encountered and difficult to diagnose at the initial stage of development of the disease. Despite this, this ailment is successfully treated if it is detected in the early stages.

Rectum cancer: symptoms and causes of the disease

In order to quickly react and start effective treatment rectum cancer, you need to be able to recognize its symptoms, and it is very difficult to do this, as mentioned earlier.

It is worth noting that the signs of the disease may differ depending on the stage of its development, the location of the tumor, etc.

Blood discharge from the anus. Such a sign can be accompanied by the disease, both at its initial stage and at a later one. Blood discharge can appear in feces or simply from the anus. Also, together with blood clots, mucus and pus can come out.
Violation of defecation. Often the rectum tumor is manifested by constant constipation and disorders. Also, a sign of such an ailment can be excessive and not controlled gas separation, false urge to the toilet. Over time, periodic abdominal pain and vomiting may appear.
Signal the appearance of the disease can the pain in the anus. Such a sign is called a “sign of a stool”, since a person tries to sit on a chair only one half of the buttock.
Well, and, of course, there are symptoms such as fatigue, weakness in the body, sharp weight loss, pallor of the skin.

Regarding the causes of such a disease as the rectal cancer, it must be said that it is extremely difficult to determine them, just like it is one basic. However, there are factors that contribute to the development of the disease and accelerate the process of its development.

The presence of diseases of the colon. There are a number of diseases, the presence of which in humans increases the chances of occurrence of colon cancer. Among them are colitis, polyps, etc.
Genetic predisposition. People whose relatives were sick with such an ailment are more likely to get sick than those who do not have such heredity.
An advanced age. With age, the general state of health and human immunity becomes much worse, therefore the risk of cancer increases.
Excess meat, flour products in the diet. A large number of such food can provoke problems in the digestive tract
Abuse of alcohol, smoking. Bad habits greatly worsen the state of health and can provoke the appearance of the disease.

Rectum cancer: stages, diagnosis

Treatment of rectal cancer can vary significantly depending on the stage of the disease. Therefore, before starting any treatment, doctors establish the stage of the disease.

There are 4 stages of the disease:

The early stages of the disease. At this stage, the symptoms are so poorly expressed that it is extremely difficult to notice them and recognize them. Most often, at 0 stages of the disease it is found by accident. Forecasts of treatment at this stage are favorable, since everything that is required to eliminate the disease is the removal of cancer cells that do not yet penetrate the limits of their plate of the mucous membrane.
1st stage. At this stage in the human body, there is already a tumor of about 2 cm in size, however, there are no metastases yet.
2nd stage It is characterized by the fact that the disease affects all layers of the rectum wall and begins to spread to nearby tissues.
3rd stage. At this stage, metastases appear, however, the disease does not yet apply to other human organs.
4th stage. This stage is characterized by the fact that the disease begins to develop on other internal organs of a person.

You can diagnose the disease with the help of such examinations:

X -ray examination of the colon with retrograde administration of an X -ray contact drug.
Sectoroscopy. In this case, a special instrument (signs) is examined by the mucous membrane of the rectum.
Colonoscopy. The inner surface of the colon is examined. A special device is used for this - an endoscope.
Biopsy. The analysis is carried out by studying a small fragment of the intestinal mucosa under a microscope.
Analysis for oncomarkers. This analysis makes it possible to evaluate what stage the oncop process is at.
Ultrasound. Ultrasound can be carried out by examining the colon through the abdominal cavity or through the anus.
PET-C. This procedure makes it possible to very accurately determine where the tumor is located, as well as the presence or absence of metastases.

However, before prescribing at least one of the above diagnostic methods, the doctor examines the patient, collects an anamnesis, evaluates his general condition and prescribes general tests

Rectum cancer: treatment, forecasts

As mentioned earlier, the treatment of colon cancer can vary significantly depending on what stage the disease is at. However, even at the 1st stage of cancer, the main treatment is reduced to surgery.

In the early stages of this ailment the operation can be carried out endoscopic. That is, with minimal intervention in the human body, since during such an operation minimal incisions are made
At later stages, treatment is usually carried out complex. Such treatment consists of surgery, chemotherapy and irradiation, which are most often carried out before surgery. In the same case, chemotherapy can be prescribed after surgery
At the last stage of such a disease, treatment lies in chemotherapy, which, if necessary, is supplemented by surgery

As for the prognosis of treatment of colon cancer, they are generally favorable. However, the chance of recovery is much higher if the disease is detected at the very early stage of its development.

In order to reduce the risk of such a disease, experts recommend that at the first symptoms of the disease seek medical help, as well as regularly undergo mandatory medical examinations and take all the necessary tests.