First aid for thermal and chemical burns. What to do with boiling water, steam, iron, oil, acid at home?

Burn is the most severe form of injury. The most common thermal injuries appear due to boiling water, hot object, open flame. Although there are other reasons why burns arise.

Content

Any burns, whether they are deep, small or large - all are severe injuries. When a person has a strong burn, he needs urgent medical care.

Degree of burns

There are 4 types of burns. They can vary in the degree of depth, severity. Burns of the 1st and 2nd degree are light, only the surface of the skin is injured.

Degree of burns:

The burn of the 1st degree. During thermo -burning of this degree, the affected area swells, covered with red spots, pain appears, the epidermis burns. The temperature rises at the injury site. All of these signs can persist up to 3 daysOver time, disappearing. When the main signs of injury disappear, the epidermis dries, peels off. After another week, this zone outwardly is almost no different from the rest of the skin.
Burn of the 2nd degree. With such a burn appears A deeper trauma. The skin swells, blushes, blisters filled with tissue liquid appear on the site. This liquid over time is filled with leukocytes, becomes like jelly. The liquid and the upper layer of the epidermis protect the affected place from infections, therefore, it is forbidden to pierce and break the blisters received from the burn. The victim is tormented by pain that disappears only on the 5th day.
Burn of the 3rd degree. There appears on the affected area necrosis. It is dry or humid. Wet necrosis occurs if the skin is in contact for a long time with heated steam or hot water. The skin begins to swell, blisters, yellowing tone are formed on it, the epidermis receives pastiness. If necrosis is dry, the epidermis remains dry, dense, brown-black shade. The boundaries of the injured area are clearly drawn. A burn of this degree is he who is he who is on, scars remain on it.
Burn of the 4th degree. It is considered the most difficult, terrible. During the burn, large areas of the epidermis with its mandatory are affected. Large bubbles are connected to one large bubble. The epidermis becomes dark, almost black. A burn of this extent can threaten life.

When any type of burn on a large area appears, an ambulance should be called, since such injuries can lead to more serious consequences, even death.

Thermal burn: First aid

First you need to perform the following:

Direct the victim to a safe place if the burn comes from a stream of hot water or steam.
If a person suffered from fire, the fire should definitely be completely extinguished - with rags, clothes, water, snow or sand.

First aid for thermal burn:

Remove everything from a person smoldering things, jewelry. If necessary, cut the clothes with scissors. Just do not rip off synthetic clothes that have already melted and stuck to the epidermis. Cut such clothes, leave only those areas of things that have already stuck to the wound.
Cool the affected areas. You will need panch pure water. You can also apply a plastic bag or heating pad, filling with snow, pieces of ice or cool water. Thanks to cooling, pain will decrease, the tissues will not be further damaged. Carry out the procedure for at least 10 minutes, but, all this is done while the ambulance is going. If possible, leave the injured places open for about 15 minutes. Do not bandage injuries so that they cool due to air.
Bind injured areas. Take it sterile bandages, They soaked them strongly using an antiseptic solution. If the burns on the arms or legs, divide the affected fingers using gauze separators. If you do not have an antiseptic, then do the dressing with dry bandages. Do not leave the wounds open so that they do not get an infection.
Spend anesthesia. To do this, you can use the simplest analgin at home. You can anesthetize the affected area itself. Use any anti -burning napkins, soaking them with an antiseptic.
Moisture loss correction. If a person is conscious, he is not sick, there is no vomiting, then give him tea or water (approximately 1 liter). If the victim refuses to drink, persuade him. So his body will be replenished with excess moisture, the development of complications will suspend.

First aid for chemical burn

As with a thermal burn, it is important to quickly remove the source from the victim as quickly as possible, which caused a burn. Be careful not to burn yourself.

First aid for chemical burn - Instruction:

If the burn was obtained by acid, then rinse the affected area using a lot of water. If the skin and mucous membrane are affected lime, water cannot be used categorically. In this situation, lubricate the site using A thick layer of fat or oil, remove lime.
Burns that arose due to alkalisEliminate using a weak acetic solution or citric acid.
The burn that was applied phosphorusEliminate hydrogen peroxide. Make sure that the affected place and the phosphorus itself do not light up.
With a burn with acetic acid, do not touch the burn so that the acid does not affect other areas of the skin. It is advisable to carry out such manipulations in gloves.
Freeze a place burn with nicotinic acid, burn with salicylic acid From things, you can cut your clothes with scissors. We do not recommend tearing off.
If the victim has shock, then give him Valerian.
After the first aid, the victim should be shown to the doctor.
Other first aid measures are the same as during thermal burns.

Pay special attention to those burns that arose on the mucous membrane of the eyes, nose, oral cavity. In this case, remove the tool from the affected areas, due to which a burn arose, use water for the procedure. Hard the place for no more than 15 minutes, because after the expiration of this time, even severe burns can harm human health. When perform all these measures, impose a sterile bandage with synthomycin ointment on the wounds.

What to do with a burn with an iron?

After a burn, the victim needs to provide assistance. If the injury is light, insignificant, it can be treated at home on your own.
If a serious injury or a child is burned, then, having provided first aid, the victim needs to be taken urgently to the hospital.

Primary assistance in a burn with an iron is as follows:

Immediately, as a person burned, cool the damaged place under running cold water. You can apply a cold compress. The duration of cooling should be approximately 10 minutes. Do not use pieces of ice for cooling.
Gently wipe the damaged area on the skin. You can use a weak solution of potassium permanganate for this.
If blisters occur on the skin, wipe the site extremely carefully so that the neoplasms are not damaged. Do not crush, do not burst and do not pierce blisters. If the bliste bursts, an infection will fall on the skin, as a result of which other negative consequences will appear.
Process a burn site Panthenol. Other drugs intended for processing burns are also suitable.
Cover the damaged surface with sterile material. If there are blisters, you can apply a clean bandage.
To reduce the pain, make the victim drink a lot of water.
If the burn from the iron has a 3rd degree, then only cover the injury section with a sterile cloth from a fabric. After that, urgently call an ambulance or deliver the patient to the hospital yourself.
Do not lubricate the injury obtained from the burn with an iron, with different oils. Also, dairy products, raw eggs, various fatty foods are not suitable. Because of them, heat transfer will decrease, which will cause serious complications in the burn area.

What to do with oil burn?

A burn obtained from vegetable oil is a type of pathology, developing as a reaction to external factors. In terms of its spread in the skin and depth, the severity of the injury can be established.

What to do with oil burn? You will need to act as follows:

First, provide first aid. Remember the temperature of the epidermis, quickly remove the film that has arisen on the skin. Hold the affected area for a long time in the water. Instead of smearing oil from oil, you can make a compress-stole the pieces of ice, wrap it in the fabric, apply to the wound. Thanks to these manipulations, you neutralize the pain from the burn.
If parts of things are on the wound, do not tear them away. If you intervene, damage the skin even more. Remove the pieces of fabric if the injury has a slight degree. If the burn is serious, then urgently consult a doctor.
After cooling the injury, remove the liquid from the burn using soft material. Do not use cotton wool. Her pile can penetrate the wound.
If there are on the wound blisters, then it is necessary to apply a sterile bandage. This measure is considered very important, so you protect the burn from infection.

Many are interested, you can smear the burn with sea buckthorn oil? Yes, but only the first degrees, with a more serious burn, this oil should be used only in the complex. And only after consulting a doctor.

You can also use other folk remedies for burning oil:

Fresh potatoes. Grate potatoes, use this mask in the treatment of wounds of different nature. Distribute grated potatoes on a gauze piece. Apply the compress on the burn. Instead of potatoes, you can rub cabbage or carrots.
Tea. Brew strong tea, leave to insist until it cools down. Use the tea leaves as a compress. Moisten sterile tissue in tea, attach to the wound.
Clover. The solution of this crop contributes to reparative processes. To prepare the therapeutic agent, take 3 tbsp. Flower, pour boiling water. Apply the compress to the wound, wrapping in gauze.
Aloe. You can use plant extract, aloe juice or leaves themselves. This culture is considered the best folk remedy for burns. Apply the medicine to a damaged place. To make the wound to heal faster, use the aloe sheet, cutting it. Put the leaf on the skin, leave it until the morning.
A mixture prepared from seasings with St. John's wort. Mix the components in the same quantities, lubricate the burn with this composition. The course of treatment is up to several weeks.
A remedy from St. John's wort. Take 1 \\ 2 tbsp. Plants, pour vegetable oil, insist for 3 weeks. Keep the composition in the place where it is dark, dry. After insisting, strain the product, grease the burn. The wound from hot oil when processing with this composition heals very quickly.

What to do with boiling water?

Only with the correct arrangement of actions, you can provide the victim with first aid. Follow the following instructions with a burn with boiling water:

Quickly remove from the injured thing that hot water hit. So you exclude their harassment to the epidermis, avoid burning.
Place the place of wounds under cold water. So you can relieve pain, suspend the spread of the wound on the skin.
Process the site anti -burn drug Panthenol.
If the burn does not work, tie the area with a sterile bandage. You can also use another fabric, but before that it is thoroughly reward.
If the burn is large, deep, a person is tormented by pain, then give the victim an anesthetic.
When you provide first aid, also evaluate the degree of burn itself. So you will understand what to do with a burn boiling water at home, What ointments and other means can be used.

What to do after a steam burn?

As soon as the victim got burned, give him first aid. To reduce the degree of damage, to reduce the risk of complications after a steam burn, follow the following:

Free the burnt place from things, be sure to remove the accessories.
If clothes stick to the skin, do not remove it sharply, do not tear it off. Cut carefully, remove.
Make sure that there are no tissue pieces, threads and other extraneous objects on the burn that can bring the infection.
Cool the burnt area under running water. Do this within 30 minutes. If you cool with ice, then hold the compress no more than 10 minutes. So you reduce the temperature of the burns, do not allow the injury to penetrate deeper into the skin.

Burn with steam, what to do at home:

Apply an antiseptic agent. Potassium permanganate is suitable. Dilute it in such a proportion - 1 tsp. the drug per 100 g of water. Strain the composition through the thick layer of gauze, treat the wound.
When treated, lubricate the burn with anti -burn ointment or gel, then apply a bandage.
If the formation of pus began on the burn, rinse the wound with furatsilin. Such a tool will wash out purulent discharge, microbes, bacteria.