Carriage of currants: dates, trimming scheme. How to increase the yield of currants using trimming in the fall, spring? How to properly care for cropped currants?

In order for currant to give a good harvest it is important to correct it correctly. To do this, study the material.

Content

In order to have thick shrubs of currants in your own garden, it is necessary to use such a strong agricultural technique as pruning. Since it is thanks to the correct pruning that you can form the perfect crown, thereby increasing the number of crop and increasing the quality of future berries. In addition, using pruning, you can avoid the risk of exposing parts of the crown, which are located inside, improve their development, fruiting, the number and quality of the harvest of outdated bushes, and lengthen the time of productive age.

How to properly trim the bushes in spring and autumn? What are the use of schemes to help the old shrub? You can learn about these and many other problems in our material below.

Why should the currant bushes be cut?

Pruning is necessary in order for a beautiful and compact shrub to form, plus the yield increases significantly. A young currant bush, be it red or white - is an unpretentious culture that gives an excellent increase and a wonderful crop. Currant only 3 years after planting can begin to slow down in the development and offer of fruits.

The shrub is able to grow strongly, becomes quite voluminous. But at the same time, the number of berries is significantly reduced. This is because the kidneys that bear fruit are formed exclusively on young shoots, the age of which is no more than 5 years. Those branches that are already old enough begin to suck out nutrient components. Therefore, it is advisable to remove them.

Thanks to trimming, you can:

Significantly increase the number of collected fruits from the bush.
Increase the value of the fruits, their taste features, since the old branches are cut off, which slowed down growth and reduced the yield of young twigs.
Improve the properties of the bush. Sunlight will penetrate the shoots faster, culture yields improve, fruits will receive more vitamins and useful components.
Rejuvenate currant. The fruiting period of culture will increase by about 15 years.
Stimulate the influx of minerals and vitamins to branches with fruits.
Make the prevention of probable diseases, unexpected and undesirable occurrence of harmful insects.
Help culture to develop more actively.
Stimulate the development of the kidneys that are in the ground. From them, with the advent of spring, new shoots will begin to grow, which will develop more intensively, thicken, and the berries increase.

Gardeners advise trimming in the fall. At this time of the year, the currant bush begins to be prepared for wintering, there is no abundant movement of juice. Accordingly, the plant will not be so painfully transferred by the process itself.

Pruning is not considered easy work, especially for novice gardeners. It is important to know every important point.

How to cut currant, given its age?

If you are a novice gardener, you should know that pruning may differ in the age of the seedling.

As a rule, currant seedlings are planted when their age is 1 year. The shoots of such crops need to be shortened by a maximum of 3 kidneys. Subsequent ones 2-3 years It is necessary to make a formative trim, in which you need to remove excess branches pulling from the roots. But at the same time, a couple of the most powerful shoots are left, which are symmetrically to the central part of the bush. Carry out this pruning for 5 years after planting the plant.
The largest fruiting of culture falls on 6 or 7 years. In this period of time, the bush should have no more than 15 branches. But their age should be different. The old shoots that continue to bear fruit, do not completely cut. Just shorten the branches - cut the tops that do not give fruits and do not grow. Such tops can take nutrient components from fruiting shoots. But do not remove all old branches at once. Remove them alternately, wait for young animals to grow up.

When the shrub of currants will be fulfilled 6 years, Cut all the old shoots, removing them to the very root. Thus, you just rejuvenate the culture. Also remove the branches that grow from the neck of the root lying on the ground, dried out, having signs of illness or frozen throughout the winter.

What types of pruning exist?

Conditionally, pruning is divided into several types.

Sanitary

The main goal of the procedure is to remove branches, which during the winter froze, dry shoots, sick. There are also trimming dense shrubs so that the most powerful crops can get more vitamins from soil and sunlight.

For work, be sure to take only well -strained tools. Do not break off the shoots with your hands, do not leave the stump from remote branches. Since the bush can become infected with a rot.

You should also definitely delete:

Shoots that have unreasonable wood. Such branches can be damaged by severe frosts.
Branches that grow far from the central part of the bush or lie on the surface of the soil.
The branches that shade the central shoot or intertwine with other branches.
Infected branches with pests, fungal diseases. After that, urgently burn the shoots so that the disease does not spread to other crops.

Molding

Such pruning will allow you to form a concept of culture, where branches different in age will begin to bear fruit equally well, and the appearance of the bush will be quite attractive. With this method, you will have to remove every unnecessary escape. This is especially true for young cultures.

Thanks to this pruning, the bush will be:

Develop normally.
Bear fruit, even if it becomes old.
Get the same amount of sunlight.
Looking attractive from the outside.

Rejuvenating

The main purpose of such a pruning is to eliminate the old branches that began to pull all the juice and not to give fruits. Try to cut them on time. As a result, the level of crop formation will improve.

The scheme of trimming of currants of different colors is different:

On black currant, remove all shoots, whose age is 5 years. To quickly begin to develop year -old branches, cut 1/3 of them from them. If there are many 2 year old branches on the bush, cut more than 8, and remove 3 years old.
The red and white -looking bushes are a little longer. The largest crop is capable of bringing 5 year-old branches and 8 year olds. You will have to remove those shoots whose age is more than 8 years. Leave a maximum of 12 shoots on the bush.

Topping

This pruning is only superficial. It resembles forming, but acts on the principle of anti -aging pruning, and sometimes sanitary.

It is used exclusively for pruning blackcurrant, since the formation of a crop on other types occurs on the upper shoots.

Pinching is as follows:

Remove a couple of kidneys from the shoots. The length of the remote part should be no more than 5 cm.
Remove the tops that consist only of stems and leaves.

All described species improve productivity, but they are effective if you do it without fanaticism. Since, due to illiterate, poor pruning, fungal diseases can occur, which in the future will completely destroy the culture.

How to increase the yield of currants using trimming in the fall?

Any variety of currants needs good sunlight. Only in such cases, berries will grow larger and sweeter. As a rule, culture shrubs are cut in the fall. Carry out this procedure until mid -October so that the plant can get stronger to frost. After trimming, weak shrubs do not resist the cold, and simply die.

The autumn trim scheme is this:

The main goal of such a process is that the bush does not thicken, and the shoots can get a lot of light. The bush, whose age is more than 5 years, should have up to 6 adult shoots growing from the root. The age of these branches should be no more than 5 years.
Cut the bushes from the level of the soil - eliminate the old shoots from the age of 6 years. Do not pay attention to the fact that such branches have well -developed side branches. They will still take juices from young branches, and the fruits will begin to give fruits every year less.
The branches that have grown over the current season are removed. Leave them if the bush is already very old. But the most ideal option is to get rid of such a culture at all, cutting cuttings from young twigs.

Cut the lateral branches that you managed to grow over 2 seasons. The main goal of the procedure is to lighten the shrub. Not very powerful young branches, remove too.
Do not remove the tops of the branches, since new buds will form on them. And this, as we know, is considered the basis of the crop in the next season. The ends of the branches can be removed if they are sick or infected with insects. Also cut the very thin branches that are simply not able to survive the winter.

During autumn trimming, press several young branches to the ground, sprinkle with earth and constantly water. The next year, rooted seedlings will arise on the ends of these shoots. Separate them carefully from the mother branch, transplant to another place.

How to increase the yield of currants by pruning in the spring?

In the spring, the planned pruning is not carried out, so that the bushes do not weaken. Otherwise, cultures will begin to develop poorly and will not give a great harvest. Form bushes only when you did not have time to do this before winter.

The main reasons because of which the bush is trimmed in the spring:

This process allows you to achieve the necessary conditions for obtaining a large crop.
The elimination of excess branches will allow cultures to be constantly updated. Since an excellent crop occurs on shoots, the age of which is no more than 5 years. From the 6th year, the number of berries decreases.
Removing outdated shoots stimulates the development of new branches.
This process is needed so that the culture does not weaken. On those branches that are very old, frozen, pests begin to breed faster. These shoots are considered the best environment for the spread of diseases. If you do not have time to cut off the extra branches in the spring, then in the summer the shrubs will thicken, and the rays of the sun will stop falling into the central part of the plant. The shadow that appears inside the bush will negatively affect the ripening of the fruits.

How to properly care for cropped currants?

Make cultures with chemicals and folk drugs. The main task of such a process is to prevent the risk of the formation of diseases and the destruction of harmful insects.

As a rule, currant bushes are subjected to such diseases:

Spots occur on the leaves.
The branches dry out.
The plant gets ill with anthracnosis.
The culture is attacked by powdery mildew.

In addition, such plants are also attacked by pests, for example, aphids or ticks. They are able to spoil the leaves and branches, transfer different diseases from other crops. In order to prevent the infection of currant with diseases and avoid pests, before winter, be sure to cut the bushes. Remove damaged shoots and leaves, weakened or sore branches. Be sure to burn all those places that are infected.

If on the bushes you see signs of an illness or lesion of insects, process culture with any chemical composition, for example, gray or cabofos. Thanks to this processing in the fall, the plant will not become infected in the spring. But professional gardeners spray shrubs in other periods of the year. Basically, they advise such a procedure in the spring so that the plants do not get sick. If necessary, you can repeat the procedure even in the summer.

Cutting currants is an important stage. If you are holding the measures correctly, then your plants will bear the fruits regularly, and the shrub itself will find the crown without unnecessary shoots, on which additional forces and juices are spent. Each branch will have the right amount of light, which reduces the risks of diseases and pests.