Unusual, rare and winged phraseological units in the Russian language: examples with an explanation and origin

The phrases, in which we already habitually perceive words as a single definition, and not by individual units, and in the same sense, with whom the conversation was conducted - these are phraseological units.

Content

Phraseologisms adorn our speech, making it figurative and more emotional. There are many of them, and perhaps even the most experienced linguist will not be taken to list. Therefore, we dwell on the brightest, which have already become, as they say, winged.

Unusual phraseological units in the Russian language: examples with an explanation and origin

Unusual phraseological units in Russian:

Filkina Diplot

This name is of any a document that is essentially not. This may be a fake or inappropriate certificate in this case, a note instead of official paper with seals, something incorrectly compiled and illiterate-in a word, everything that does not represent the true value of the document.
A version of origin is also considered full -fledged, according to which the authorship of this expression belongs to Ivan the Terrible. It was Filka by contempt by Metropolitan Philip, who condemned the oprichnina, and each of his messages - a filkin letter.

Brew porridge, mock porridge

These are two phraseologisms denoting opposite concepts. The first is used when a person with his actions creates some complex problem for himself or others, the second-in the case when the problem is solved.
The origin of these phrases is from the field of cooking. Previously, porridge was called a cereal stew, which is essentially the first, liquid dish, which was both brewed and drained with a spoon. In addition, there was also a colloquial word “mess”, which, again, indicated the confusing problem and at the same time the name of the porridge.

Seven Fridays in the week

So they say about a person who is not conferred by others because chronically changing plans, intentions, unfulfilled promises. Such inconsistence, as a rule, causes irritation, so phraseologism is more likely to negative.
Anyone who violated the obligations and became called a person who has seven Fridays a week. Another version of origin connects Friday with the consonant with the word “back”, to deviate from this promise.

Not at ease

It is used when it is about a person who feels constrained in these circumstances, who is in an uncomfortable position.
This phraseology occurred, according to the Verbacors, from the incorrect translation of the French word. This happened at the beginning of the 19th century, and in those days the educated part of the population objected to such a definition. But phraseologism has taken root in Russian, and today it is clear to everyone.

Sharashkina Office

Phraseologism, denoting some a dishonest company, organization, enterprise. This turnover of a negative shade belongs to vernacular.
The linguists have not yet come to this origin and have not yet come to now. The most accepted etymological basis is the word “sharah”, related to dialects and implying crooks. Thus, literally expression implies a certain enterprise organized by crooks.

Go on the back

The meaning of phraseology is that we are talking about someone who without hesitation, he moves forward, practically at random, not knowing what awaits him at the next stage of the path.
Comes from slang, which were used by the cardigors. They used the term “on the right” game, knowing in advance that all the trump cards are in their hands and the victory in the game is undeniable. As an antonym of this expression, the definition of “striking”, unknown, arose.

The goosebumps ran

It is used in the direct sense of sensations similar to those when an ant gently ran through the body. This may apply to the feeling of cold, fright, experiences.
Its origin has a direct analogy with sensations experienced on himself and noticed people. And the fact that there are similar definitions in other Slavic languages \u200b\u200bsuggests that it appeared in the distant common Slavic past.

Stand as if dug

So they say about a person who practically he froze in place as a result of any shock: shock, surprise, fear.
The origin of the turnover comes from a long -standing type of punishment when a person was dug up for a crime. Naturally, he could no longer do a single movement. The punishment of digging ceased under Peter I, and the memory of him was preserved in the form of phraseological units.

Cut under a nut

Today we understand this expression as "Merciless criticism." And before, its meaning was directly opposite.
There is a turn from argo masters involved in carpentry. It was to create furniture from any tree so that it resembles a nut wood that was considered the highest skill, therefore the direct meaning of the phrase was that the work was done very well.

Hang in the balance

So they say, when a person (or some business) is at risk. Versions of the origin of this turnover vary.
Some believe that the expression has come from the legend by which Dionysius from Syracuse hung over his courtye Dammol A sharply sharpened sword, which kept only with the help of a horse hair. Another version sees the usual use of the concept of “hair” as something fragile, which is easily torn.

Sort out of the hut

Means the legend of the publicity of something personal, which it concerns only close and relatives, discussion in someone else's presence of what is happening in the family circle.
This concept originates from ancient beliefs, which indicated that it was impossible to sweep out the garbage from home to the street, otherwise they can be used to harm the household. The grade only had to be thrown into the furnace so that he burned to the ground.

Bitter a bit

This phrase speaks of someone who stubbornly “oppresses” their line, sometimes even Thus harm to oneself. In this state, a person is no longer able to perceive any arguments, stubbornness comes to the fore.
Of course, the etymology of expression lies in the area associated with horses, riders, cabs. It is customary to call two iron links, which are part of the harness and are laid in the mouth of the horse. If the animal bites them, then he practically does not obey the rider, because he does not feel management.

Get out of the ground

Get the necessary, no matter what - This is understood this phraseology.
Expression comes from those ancient times when the poor kept money and especially valuable things, buried them in the ground - A more reliable place to protect them from rain or snow, like theft, did not have the peasants.
From here it was, demanding that the tax, the tax collector advised the peasant who was sorry for the poverty, get the hidden money from the ground.

The ends are in the water

In this case, it is about concealing traces of any misconduct or crime.
The origin of this phraseology is attributed to the times of Ivan the Terrible and the oprichnina, when the scale of terror, executions and rigid repressions was such that it had to be hidden.
To reduce the visible number of executed at night A certain number of corpses of victims of the king’s bloody policy began to be thrown into the river. Until the morning, the body was carried away into the distance, and thus in the water literally “hid” all the evidence testifying to the crime.

Rare phraseological units in the Russian language: examples with an explanation and origin

Rare phraseologisms in Russian:

The cat is in the bag

So they say, wanting to emphasize that the acquired thing, a new thing, any product has an incomprehensible quality, which is not possible to check.
A similar phraseology is inherent in many languages, since it comes from the origin of trade relations. People are mostly the same everywhere, and there are enough scammers in any country.
It was they who tried to scoop the gullible buyer instead of the promised hare of the most ordinary cat, hiding him in a closed bag.

Wipe the powder

This is an example of phraseology, which over time fundamentally changed its meaning to the exact opposite. Now, pronouncing such an expression, we understand it as reprisals, destruction.
Earlier, among merchants, especially famous and authoritative, there was a rule - they could provide their honest word as a guarantee of payment. The name of the merchant and the amount that he promised to pay at the specified period were entered on the triber.
If for some reason the merchant did not pay, then the chalk that made the recording was simply erased, turning into powder.

Pull the gimp

Highly tighten with the implementation of any business, This is understood this expression today each of us. When a person does something very slowly, he usually tells him that he "pulls the gimp."
In fact, literally the gimmer is a thin wire of gold, silver or copper, which was used for embroidery. In order to stretch out such a long and thin wire thread, it took a lot of time, since the work required caution and accuracy. Hence the concept of stretching the spikelet, as a leisurely lesson.

Worse than a bitter radish

So we habitually respond to what we i am pretty tired and does not bring pleasure.
And this comparison with a radish was born, which, as you know, has a bitter taste, during the time of Ancient Russia. Then they ate the radish almost daily, and, given that the days of the post were more than two -thirds a year, we can say that this vegetable was a constant dish on the tables, especially representatives of the lower classes.
So radish bored for those who were forced to eat it constantly.

Swallow the tongue

Means stubbornly silent, in spite of any threats, persuasion or attempts to talk a person.
The origin of this turnover also goes into the gray -haired old man, when most of the servants close to the person of the Lord were chosen from among the deaf -mute.
In the event that the messenger was captured, so that he could not give up under torture and tell the contents of the order, he was obliged to bite off his tongue and swallow him. The need for swallowing was caused by the fact that the ancients believed that magicians could force their witchcraft to speak the language itself. Hence the literal concept of a swallowed language and has turned into a stable phraseology.

Not with washing, so skating

The expression denoting The ability to achieve what is desired by any means, often using them in turn, if some “does not work”, does not give the desired result.
This phraseology occurred from washing methods in the old days when linen Not only “washed”, but “katal”, Using the rubbish - a kind of rocking gabs. Thus, if the pollution was not removed with water, it was tried to eliminate it with ribing.

After the rain on Thursday

That is, in fact, never - This is the meaning of the phrase.
Its origin originates from pagan times, when one of the most revered gods was Perun, rushing lightning, sitting at thunder and commanding rains and thunderstorms. The day of Perun was considered on Thursday, and if there was no long -awaited rain on this day, then the ancient Slavs expressed their disappointment and secret hopes that the celestial would still become like this with such a phrase.

Wash your hands

Refuse liability, declare their insoluction - This is the meaning of phraseology.
In ancient times, there was a whole ritual according to which The judge before the trial of the trial carried out the hands of hands, thereby demonstrating his impartiality and non -enhanced.
The same ceremony was often performed by those who acted as an prosecutor at the trial. In addition, the same action, according to the Gospel, was carried out by the prosecutor Pontius Pilate, agreeing that Jesus Christ is executed.

Augean stables

Highly difficult, laborious task, which must be performed at all costs.
This image came from ancient Greek myths, one of the heroes of which, Hercules, performed twelve feats.
Clean the exorbitantly dirty stables belonging to the king named Avgia is an example of one of them. He began to denote the implementation of almost impossible, being understandable to us today ..

Put under cloth

When we say that, we mean, and the interlocutor understands that we are talking about postponed for an unknown time.
Cloth used to go on the table instead of a tablecloth. When the official worked at the table, then, by putting a folder or separate paper under the cloth of the desk covering the surface of the desk, he thereby cleaned it away from his eyes and safely forgot.

Touch the inner core

Implied causing insult, irritation, spiritual experience with a careless word or a topic affected, which are unpleasant to the interlocutor, or which he does not want to talk about.
There is an expression from ancient times in which it was customary to put a stigma on the body of a slave, burned with hot iron. In addition to the fact that the cauterization process itself was very painful, it was no less pain that brought a random touch to the still not yet healing wound.

Scapegoat

It implies a person on whom The fault is entrusted, the victim actually for no reason.
The roots of expression lie in biblical traditions, where among various rites the ritual of the remission of sins is also described when the sacred face laid the hand on the most ordinary goat. This gesture symbolized the transfer of sins committed by man to the animal. After that, an innocent goat was expelled from the settlement to the desert Dali.

Like water off a duck's back

Phraseology related to those who easily refers to problems, without worrying and not tormenting how to solve them.
This comparison went from the biological characteristics of geese, having a lubricant on their plumage, thanks to which it does not get wet, and the water flows from the poultry of the bird without wetting them.

Not a penny for a soul

This characteristic is often used in relation to poor, sometimes poor person.
We all have a recess on the neck. Previously, this place was considered precisely where the human soul lives. In addition, medallions and bags with money, precious stones or metals, and securities often hid it in it. If a person had nothing to hide in this dimple, then they said about him that there was absolutely nothing behind his soul.

Make a worm

As a rule, they say so About a light snack, in contrast to a full breakfast, lunch or dinner.
The speaker in French, the aristocracy, just so literally translated the expression "alcohol on an empty stomach." It used to be believed that such a technique of alcohol helps to destroy parasites available in the human body.

Reinforced the tail hit

Such a definition can be heard when it comes about reckless actions that are surprising in others.
Initially, the reins in the literal sense was meant. If they fell under the tail, the animal experienced pain, and in order to get rid of it, jumped sharply, blurted out, became almost uncontrollable.

Talk teeth

We say such a phrase when someone begins to talk about objects that are not related to the topic of conversation, trying to take him aside.
And this expression appeared in those days when they really spoke toothache - this was done by healers, reading various conspiracies.

Put the sleeves, after sleeves

Both phraseologisms indicate the method of work. P ervy - zeal and zeal in its implementation, the second - coolness and laziness.
Such a definition has been made from those times when the sleeves of clothing were very long, sometimes much longer than the hands themselves. They hung and interfered with working.
Therefore, it was possible to carry out any work only after they put these sleeves, wrap it. If the work was performed with lowered, hanging sleeves, it was Slow and not effective.

Winged phraseologisms in the Russian language: examples with an explanation and origin

Winged phraseologisms in Russian:

Stay with the nose

Such a figurative comparison means do not get the desired, tolerate.
The nose in this case does not mean part of the face, as we are used to perceiving this word. Previously, they called the offering that they carried an official to ask him about the necessary service, in fact, this is what we call a bribe today.
If the official considered the “nose” too insignificant, he simply rejected him, thereby refusing the requester. Thus, he remained with his “nose”, and the case was not solved in his favor.

Warm bones

So they say when when in the absence of a person, he is gossiped, discussed, we are slandered.
This expression is associated with a long -standing idea of \u200b\u200bghouls. The ancients believed that he could be a deceased sinner, who was also cursed. The legends said that in order to remove the curse, the bones of the deceased had to be taken out of the grave and washed in clean water. This creepy ritual came to us in the form of phraseological unit.

Arshin swallow

So they say about a man who holds so directly that it looks unnatural.
The concept of “arshins” came to us from the Turkish language and means not only the measure of length, but also a wooden ruler, the length of which is more than 70 cm.
Imagine a person, inside of which a line of this length, our ancestors began to apply such a comparison to someone who holds exaggeratedly stiffly and arrogantly.

Belina was overeating

They talk about a person whose the behavior is inadequate, aggressive, unpredictable.
It is also a literal meaning of action on a person of a poisonous plant called Belen. Its seeds make a narcotic effect on people, causing delirium, hallucinations, sometimes leading to death.

Viles Kolomenskaya

So respond about a man of giant growth.
There is such a definition from the pillars that counted the versts on the road to the village of Kolomenskoye, where Tsar Alexei Romanov went to his summer residence in the warm season. The pillars were a great height, which became the “measure” of growth for people.

Drive by the nose

Phraseologism means that A person is deceived for a long time, every time promising and not fulfilling his promise.
This expression occurred from the atmosphere of noisy fairs and booths, during which they drove a bear, holding the ring, which was visited into the nose of the animal. To make the bear more willingly, they showed him the bait, but they did not give it.

Rub glasses

Means A deliberate distortion of information in order to present it in a profitable light.
The concept takes the beginning from Wednesday cartepers. “Glasses” in this case are icons placed on playing cards, by the number of dignity of the card. There were always Shulers, so they skillfully, right during the game, could either imperceptibly cover the “point”, or glue the excess, thereby changing the dignity of the map. This was called "rubbing" in the language of the cardigors. Later, the term migrated into colloquial speech and became a synonym for scam.

A goal is like a falcon

Absolutely poor, not having a penny - This value is invested in this image.
There are two versions of the origin of the expression. The first is from the name of the ancient wall gun, which was placed by a stone or wooden wall. Such a falcon was smooth and even, actual - naked.
There is also a version relating to the origins of this phraseological unit to the word “suico” similar in sound. So called the stakes with which the flooding fences and wattle fences supported. In this case, both the peg-support itself and the inhabitant of the house with a frail wattle, were really “naked”. The first is literally, since he did not have a single bitch, but a completely smooth surface, the second - figuratively.

Woe onion

This is how sometimes they respond about a man who is pursued by failures, about a nonsense.
This figurative comparison from the property of the bow has occurred when it is cleaned and cut. Since the chemical composition of tears caused by caustic substances in the bow differs from those that are produced naturally, they are more muddy.
And muddy tears, as a rule, do not cause trust. That is why under Lukov grief is meant not true misfortune, but rather troubles, which do not lead to tragic consequences.

In the bag

In this way, we mean some the case or the problem was resolved successfully.
The most likely explanation for the appearance of such phraseologism is the order in which in Russia officials during trials, it was in their own hats, received offerings and bribes to make a positive decision.
That is how they could answer the question of the state in which one or another thing is, the sides of the process themselves could also name this, hoping that the gift put in a hat would decide the outcome of the case in their favor.

Be in a black body

This literally means strict and almost despotistical treatment.
This phrase comes from Turkic adverbs. If you literally translate the concept - meat with a lack of fat (as horses fed), then we will get the term black meat. It was he who gave rise to an analogue in the Russian language - a black body.

Before white heat

Means that a person It is so angry that he no longer restrains himself.
This is a professional term used by blacksmiths, which, when heating the metal, as temperature changes, see it acquiring various shades. White is a color characteristic of the metal with the maximum permissible heating, a further increase in temperature already leads to melting. From here a comparison was born.

Nick down

The motivation for the thorough memorization of one or another information.
And again the basis for the appearance of such phraseologism was the ancient, long -forgotten meaning of the word "nose". Here, as a basis is the concept of wearing.
It was the nose that called wooden small boards or sticks, which people who were not trained in literacy were held at hand at hand to make their huts designed to remember what needs to be done. This cross is the ancient expression that has come down to us to cut on the nose.

It is not worth it

This expression should be understood in the sense that the efforts spent on one or another matter are not justified, there are too many of them, and the result is scanty.
This phraseologism also appeared thanks to the slang of the cardigors. Earlier in the evening, when long preference took place, the room was lit with candles. In the event that small rates were made, the amount of winning was so insignificant that it did not pay off even the cost of candles purchased in order to light the room and table.

To sing Lazarus

Desire for complaints Call the feeling of compassion, nagging in others.
The expression on the motives of the gospel legends about the poor Lazar, who, leading a beggarly existence, was based on his death in paradise, unlike his Bogach brother. Previously, the songs of alms under the temples often sang a song about this. Thus, they tried to pierce the parishioners.
But, given that both now and then, some of the beggars in reality were not such, but simply looking for an easy way to extract money, then such feigned complaints about life and compassionate songs and began to call "sing Lazarus."

Climb on the rampage

Deliberately take risks, put yourself in danger - This is understood this phraseological turn.
The word "Rozhon" in ancient times belonged to the sharp stake, with which they went to hunt a bear. It was used as a means of angry a predator, and the hunters exposed him forward when the bear was approaching. Putting against this stake, the animal died. This analogy formed the basis of the phrase.

To bring under the monastery

So they say when someone's fault they fall into an unpleasant position, bear punishment.
Linguists disagree on the origin of this turnover. Some believe that this is just a description of the hopeless position in which a person found himself and from which he could only be saved in the monastery. Others see the basis of the appearance of a phrase in military tactics, according to which enemies led to the walls of monasteries, which were real fortresses. Another version is based on the fact that the native women who were subjected to domestic violence could ask for protection to the Patriarch, who referred a tyrant to the monastery, where for six months he was supposed to learn humility.

Put a pig

The value of the turnover is that A person stealthily does something bad with respect to another.
The origin, according to most words, comes from the habits and customs of those peoples that faith does not allow pork to eat. Wanting to laugh at such a person or with the intention of defile his religious views, he could slowly put pork into a plate under the guise of other meat. Thus, the pig, fitting into food, has become a phraseological turn over time.