Is it possible to give birth to diabetes? Features of pregnancy in diabetes mellitus

Pregnancy is a long -awaited and happy period in the life of a future mother. The stage is new and responsible, therefore, how its development proceeds and what risks can be, each should know. This article will talk about a disease such as diabetes. What are its signs and how dangerous it is.

• What is this disease and where does it come from? Diabetes mellitus - impaired pancreatic cells that produce hormone - insulin. It affects all metabolisms in the body, contributes to the absorption of glucose organs and tissues, as well as its biosynthesis in the liver
• It is his shortage that develops this disease. It can appear in a woman both before pregnancy and have the second or II type, and at her stage, and be a gestational nature
• The danger of the disease in the high mortality of the mother and fetus, but with the invention of insulin the percentage of this outcome is reduced
• Currently, the number of pregnant women with diabetes is increasing, and no one can say the exact cause of its development

There are factors contributing to its development:
- excess body weight and obesity
- Heredity
- Age over 35 years old
- miscarriage and stillbirth
- gestational diabetes during the first and subsequent pregnancy

Signs of diabetes during pregnancy

If diabetes appeared during pregnancy, then it will not be able to immediately identify it, because its development is slow and unexpressed.

The signs include:
- fast fatiguability
- Thirst
- Frequent urination
- weight loss with increased appetite
- increased blood pressure
- Itching of the skin
- The appearance of pustules on the skin and boil

During pregnancy, doctors of the obstetrician-gynecologists often prescribe urine and blood for tests, because the above symptoms describe the typical condition of the pregnant woman. And only when an increased level of glucose is revealed according to the results, a test with a load is prescribed. It is he who will say whether you are sick with diabetes or not.

Important: with any unpleasant sensations, contact a specialist, and not draw conclusions yourself.

What is the danger of diabetes during pregnancy? The effect of pregnancy diabetes

The danger of diabetes of both gestational and I or II type for the future mother is:

- in the manifestation of late toxicosis
- in the development of urinary and sexual infections (the development of pyelonephritis is especially dangerous)
- in the pathology of the development of the placenta and violation of placental blood circulation
- in the threat of miscarriage, stillbirth and premature birth
- at the birth of a large fetus, over 4,500 kg., Which can lead to birth injuries
- in violation of the work of the kidneys and organs of vision
For the fetus:
- the emergence of malformations
- an increase in growth hormone, the consequences of which are manifested in the immaturity of internal systems and organs, and their inability to function normally
- intrauterine hypoxia of the brain and kidneys
- asphyxia
- hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
- chromosomal mutation, which determines the further development of diabetes in the newborn
- Mortality

Important: all complications can be avoided by normalizing sugar.

Conducting pregnancy and childbirth with diabetes of the I-th type

Type I-th diabetes-insulin-dependent diabetes and the most common. It is detected in childhood during puberty, is distinguished by an unstable and spasmodic course during pregnancy. In pregnant women with this type of diabetes there is damage to the walls of blood vessels due to metabolic disorders and a tendency to ketoacitosis (violation of carbohydrate metabolism).

Important: if a woman is sick with diabetes, then she needs to plan a pregnancy in advance and at the same time undergo a complete medical examination

Pregnancy in type I diabetes

• Firstly, the expectant mother should regularly attend the doctor of the obstetrician-gynecologist and endocrinologist, as well as follow all their recommendations
• Secondly, daily control the level of glucose in blood and ketones in the urine using test strips
• Thirdly, follow a diet and monitor your weight
• Fourthly, use the industry medicine in the due doses and fifthly, undergo a planned examination, which provides for hospitalization Hospitalization takes place in three stages:

I - as soon as the doctor diagnosed pregnancy. It is necessary to find out threats to health and in the ability to continue pregnancy.
II-for a period of 22-24 weeks. New doses of insulin are set, a diet is adjusted if necessary and with the help of an ultrasound, possible malformations of the child are revealed, if any are found.
III-for a period of 32-34 weeks. The term of birth is set, usually 37-38 weeks and decides as a woman will give birth, naturally or with the help of a cesarean section.

Type I diabetes

If during the pregnancy there are some complications or the fetus has become too large, then the birth will be artificial, by the method of cesarean section. If the condition of the pregnant woman is not complicated, then the birth will be naturally with possible birth stimulation.

Important: to control the sugar level on the day of childbirth, because excitement can cause its sharp rise

Conducting pregnancy and childbirth in type II diabetes

Type II diabetes-insulin-dependent. It develops in women over 30 years old. e
As with type I diabetes, pregnancy should be planned, this will reduce the risk of possible complications for both the mother and the child.

Pregnancy in type II diabetes

As in the case of diabetes I-type, a woman should: regularly visit doctors, observe recommendations and treatment, take insulin in permissible doses and take the necessary tests, such as urine and blood.

But in addition to these mandatory tests, pregnant with insulin-dependent diabetes also measures the level of glycated hemoglobin every 4-8 weeks, controls glycemia up to 4 times a day, passes urine analysis to determine acetone and infections in it.

The pregnant woman is also subject to hospitalization in three stages:

At an early date - for examination, identification of pathologies and possible risks.
21-24 weeks-a thorough examination of the fetus
After 32 weeks - to set the deadlines and method of childbirth.

Type II diabetes

• During childbirth, a woman should determine the concentration of glucose every 2 hours, the fetal heart rate is controlled using a CTG-apparatus and the pressure is controlled
• If the woman in labor is large, to be in the pelvic presentation, it has hypoxia, or there are any complications in the woman, childbirth will be artificially
• With natural births of a pregnant woman, a dropper is installed in the morning for stimulation with a 5% solution of glucose and saline. Insulin is introduced into this dropper every 4-6 hours, depending on the level of glycemia or intravenously insulin infusion at a speed of 1-2 units

Important: for diabetes I and II of the type of childbirth, the birth canal should be prepared - a favorable hormonal background has been created and antispasmodics have been used.

Diet for pregnant women with diabetes

In order for pregnancy in diabetes to proceed safely, a woman needs to follow a diet.
For this, the diet should be observed:

• Do not use easily digestible carbohydrates that increase blood sugar.
  Reduce fat intake
• Increase the use of protein foods.
• Eat more vitamins and foods with a high fiber, except for bananas, grapes and melons

Important: nutrition should be fractional and small portions. The calorie content of the daily diet is 2500-3000 kcal.

Can diabetes mellitus against a background of pregnancy? What is hidden diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and how does it manifest?

The answer to the first question will be - yes, diabetes mellitus can develop against the background of pregnancy, it is called gestational. Its type “hidden” is a mild form of gestational diabetes, which can be found only during a laboratory examination, mainly after 24 weeks of pregnancy. Such diabetes can develop in women who have a location for this: suffer from obesity, over 30 years old or have a hereditary factor.
The development of diabetes is connected:
- with an increase in the level of hormones, such as cortisol, progesterone and estrogen. It is they who affect the production of insulin pancreas
- decrease in physical activity
- Nutrition with high -calorie foods
The “hidden” form of gestational diabetes does not have a significant effect on the condition of the woman, but is at risk of developing the fetus. In general, such diabetes after pregnancy passes and the level of insulin is normalized.

Important: reserves of own insulin can compensate for its lack in the body and thereby not allow gestational diabetes to develop

Features of pregnancy in diabetes: tips and reviews

Each trimester has its own characteristics:

I trimester - Daily sugar control. At this stage, its level decreases, the state of the woman in labor improves, so the dose of insulin should be reduced.
II trimester - The dose of insulin rises, a balanced diet is observed.
III trimester - Due to the appearance of glycemia, the dose of insulin is reduced.
During childbirth, the sugar indicator fluctuates, this is affected by the psycho -emotional state of the woman in labor. Fatigue is also observed, under the influence of which blood sugar is reduced, so the blood for glucose is checked every 2 hours. After giving birth to 7-10 day, sugar levels normalize.

Pregnancy with diabetes for a woman is a difficult step and a serious test, therefore, for a successful course of pregnancy, she must follow all the recommendations of doctors and monitor her diet. Be healthy!

Video: Diabetes in pregnant women