Mongol-Tatar yoke: the dates of the beginning and completion of existence, invasion, the main bouts dates. For what reasons, Rus' fell from the onslaught of the Mongol? What consequence did Rus' expect after the seizure of land by the Tatars? What were the features of the yoke? How was the Mongol-Tatar yoke overthrown?

This article tells about the Mongol tribes that were headed by Genghis Khan and captured Eurasia.

Content

Each person is still familiar with the school bench all the truths and truths that concern Rus'. Among the most important historical facts, it is worth highlighting the time when Rus' was captured by the Mongols.

The main mythology lies in the fact that in the 13th century the association formed among the Mongol tribes, which was headed by Genghis Khan, captured almost the entire territory of Eurasia. After that, the Mongol Empire arose. This empire owned a large number of lands of the Eastern Slavs. Rus was also in the possession.

Mongol-Tatar yoke and the whole truth about it

In total, the Mongol-Tatar yoke existed from the 13th century to the 15th century. The period of existence is 243 years.

Rus' was captured in the 23rd of the 13th century. It happened in the spring. At that time, the detachments of the Horde, headed by Genghis Khan, were very close to the Dnieper, where the border of the country was then located.
Russian princes were at enmity with each other. Therefore, they could not repulse hostile troops. The Polovtsy provided their own assistance. But this did not help, and therefore Tatar-Mongols were able to quickly capture the advantage.

For the first time, the troops of the Polovtsy and the Tatars at the end of May 23 near the Kalka river directly collided. But the battle was quite rapidly lost. Already in those days it was clearly clear that our troops could not win the battle of the Mongols. But the army tried to restrain their onslaught for a long time.

In winter, 37 years old, the main troops of the Mongols began to purposefully invade the lands of Rus'. This time at the head of the hostile troops was the grandson of Genghis Khan. His name was Batu. The troops of opponents were very rapidly advanced deep into the state. They defeated the principalities on their own path, killed all the people who tried to somehow resist.

How did the Mongol-Tatar yoke invasion occurred?

Batu, gathering a huge army, was able to win the Volga Bulgaria, which was located in the east. He also began to own the Polovitian southern lands, was able to get closer to the Russian possessions at the end of 37 years of the same century.

The Batu strategy was as follows - he did not plan to create a major battle, he needed to break each detachment separately. When his troops were near the southern borders of the Ryazan principality, they demanded that he be given tribute. It was supposed to enter 1 \\ 10 part of all horses, people, and even princes. But at that moment even 3,000 soldiers could not gather in Ryazan.
Therefore, they decided to ask Vladimir. However, as they did not ask, no one provided their help. After the siege of Ryazan, which lasted 6 days, the city was captured by the Mongols.
Tatar troops completely destroyed all the inhabitants. They also did not regret at home and buildings. The next one in turn was Kolomna. In that battle, the Russian troops were almost all killed. Moscow was also in the ashes. However, before this battle, someone who dreamed of returning to his homeland hid silver jewelry in the land of the Borovitsky hill. This treasure was found by accident during a construction in the Kremlin, which was held in the last century in the 90s.
Then the city of Vladimir fell. Mongol troops did not spare the children and women. They completely destroyed this city. After that, Torzhok was destroyed. However, with the advent of spring, when the Mongols were frightened by the risen, they decided to go south. The northern zones of Rus', where many swamps were located, were not interested in the Mongol. However, a small town of Kozelsk, who carefully defended himself, came across in their way. For almost 2 months, this town tried to resist. But, when the Mongol army received reinforcements, which included stenobit cars, Kozelsk was captured by enemies. All the people who participated in the defense were cut out by enemies. Not a single building was left on the city site.

The whole land of Rus', located in the northeastern part, by the 38th year of the 13th century was in ruins alone. Here, it simply cannot even doubt that the Tatar yoke existed at all.

What happened to Southwest Russia during the invasion of the Mongol-Tatar yoke?

The line of this part of Rus' came in 39 of the same century. Many large cities were erased from the face of the earth. Also, under the onslaught of the yoke, small towns, villages and villages were destroyed. But before the end of the Mongol invasion, there was still a lot of time. A huge number of horror and numerous destruction brought this war. Soon the Mongols moved to the territory of Croatia, then they reached the lands of Dalmatia. After that, all people living in Western European countries were in fear.

The news that came from Mongolia forced the enemies to turn in the opposite direction. But already on a re -campaign to hostile troops simply did not have enough strength. European countries were saved. However, our lands, which were completely covered with ruins and ash, expired with the "bloody rivers", did not even imagine exactly when the invasion of the Mongols would end.

Mongol-Tatar yoke-the main bouts dates

As you already know, the war began in the 23rd of the 13th century. At that time, the experienced troops of the Khan the Great approached the Dnieper. Among the important battles of the yoke, it is worth highlighting the following:

May 31 23 years 13th century. The army of the Mongol, including 30,000 people, broke through the forces of the Polovtsy, after which they collided with the troops of Rus'. The very first army that faced enemy forces was Mstislav Udaliki. He had a huge number of chances in order to defeat the Mongols. However, none of the other princes dared to support him. As a result of hostilities, Mstislav died, he simply surrendered to the enemies. The Mongols were able to get a huge amount of useful data that prisoners of Russian soldiers gave them. Due to these hostilities, there were many losses. But the enemy’s forces restrained for a very long time.

The battle is near Kolomna. When the Mongol army began to move towards Kolomna, the army of Evpatiy Kolovrat, which consisted of 1700 soldiers, met them along the road. But, even given the fact that the number of Mongols was relatively larger, Evpaty was not afraid and tried his best to repulse the enemies. According to the results of the battle, the number of Russian military decreased very much. Enemies went along the river Moscow. The city itself was held by the onslaught for five days. When the battle was still over, the city was burned, and people were killed.
Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich at one time decided to refuse to help the Ryazan prince. However, the time came when he was also attacked by the troops of the yoke. The prince, in turn, correctly ordered the time, during which the war lasted in Ryazan and with Vladimir. The prince decided to recruit a huge army, and after that he carefully armed each soldier. The battle took place near the town of Kolomna. In early February 38, a plan, invented by Yuri Vsevolodovich, began to enter into effect.
The most grand battle by their own number of soldiers and hot military operations can be considered the battle that took place between the Russian and Mongol-Tatar yoke. However, the battle was also lost. The number of Mongolian soldiers was relatively larger. The invasion of enemies continued exactly 31 days. It ended in early March 38. Then the Russian troops were completely defeated. The prince died in a difficult battle, but he brought great losses to the Mongols. The city of Vladimir is considered the last of 14 cities in the north-eastern part of Rus', which was conquered by the Tatars.
1239. The Tatars defeated Chernigov, then after the Mongol troops fell Pereslavl. Then the enemies decided to go to Kyiv.
At the beginning of the winter of 40, enemy troops still captured Kyiv. As a result of this, the state structure was shook. Kyiv, which was carefully strengthened, defeated the enemies, as they used a stenobit weapon and thresholds. After that, the path that went to the south of Rus' and the eastern countries of Europe opened.

41 years of the 13th century. The Mongols captured the Galician-Volyn principality. But after this battle, the Mongols temporarily suspended the invasion.
47 years old. The Mongols were able to reach another border of Rus'. They also approached Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary.

The land of Rus' was subjected to constant invasions of enemies. These invasions lasted until the 79th year of the 13th century.

For what reasons, Rus' fell from the onslaught of the Mongol?

The main reasons because of which Rus' fell:

In the system of our troops there was no single, cohesion organization.
There were much more opponents than Russian soldiers.
The command of the Russian troops was very weak.
There were practically no mutual assistance from other princes.
Russian princes underestimated the forces and the number of enemy troops.

What consequences did Rus' expect after the seizure of land by the Tatars?

The consequences of this invasion were simply terrifying:

Most cities and villages of Rus' were destroyed. A huge number of people died.
In agriculture, in the field of crafts and art, severe losses were observed.
The fragmentation between the feudal lords was strengthened.
The number of people decreased very much.
After capture, Rus' began to lag behind in general development, when compared with European countries.

There were huge losses during the fighting

What were the features of the Mongol-Tatar yoke?

In Rus', new laws and orders began to arise.
At that time, the Center for political activity was Vladimir. From this city, the Tatars ruled other cities.
The essence of management was as follows - Khan gave a label to control at his own discretion. He himself controlled every territory of the state. As a result, the enmity that arose between all the princes was even more increased.
The fragmentation that took place between the feudal lords was encouraged, since such a position was able to reduce the possibility of a centralized rebellion.
A tribute was constantly taken from the people. The money was collected by officials who were very cruel. They were engaged in kidnapping people, numerous killings.

How was the Mongol-Tatar yoke overthrown?

The end of the Mongol-Tatar yoke in the territory of Rus' comes to the 80th year of the 15th century. The Mongolian "Golden Horde" began to collapse over time. Most of the principalities decided to divide, after which clashes regularly occurred between them. Prince Ivan 3. His rule lasted from the 26th century until the beginning of the 16th century, in the liberation of Rus' was directly involved. Ivan III was able to unite 2 large cities. Among them was Moscow, as well as Nizhny Novgorod.

In 78, Prince Ivan III refused to give tribute to the Horde. After a couple of years, in the fall, a well -known “Standing on the Ugra River” was arranged. Such a name was taken due to the fact that no one at that time wanted to start the battle. Having stayed about 30 days for about 30 days, Akhmat decided to turn his own camp and go to the Horde.