How and where to anonymously donate blood on an HIV infection, AIDS? Checking for HIV, AIDS at home: express test in a pharmacy. How long does HIV manifest, AIDS in the blood for sure? False positive analysis for HIV, AIDS: Causes

Description of the analysis for HIV, AIDS.

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The word AIDS itself causes a panic in the majority of the population. After all, there is a significant reason for this - there is no medicine from this disease. But there is good news-you can live by HIV-infected. The main thing is to lead a proper lifestyle and start in time treatment, which is aimed at maintaining human immunity. It is for this that you need to take tests for HIV, AIDS on time and without fail, especially for those who have at least the slightest suspicion.

What is the name of a blood test for HIV, AIDS?

To date, this is the most exciting analysis. Even for those who are confident in its result and, in principle, cannot be sick. This procedure must pass every pregnant woman, twice in the entire period. It has nothing to worry about or unusual in it.

As is also known from the school curriculum, HIV is a human immunodeficiency virus. AIDS is its last stage in which a person completely disappears the ability to produce antibodies and resist diseases. And it takes about 10 years to develop it. Of course, this is influenced by the way of life.

Blood -based tests have the highest accuracy and help to identify the virus even in the early stages:

ELISA (immunosorbent analysis) - This analysis helps to determine antibodies in the body that are necessary to combat the virus. Such an analysis has the highest accuracy - 90%, in comparison with others, and also has a low price. For analysis, you need a little blood from the vein. It is done one month after possible infection, then it is re -surrendered three more. Sometimes they can be assigned a slightly different scheme - three months later (in general, half a year comes out). Since this is extreme skorus, when the result should be as accurate as possible.
Immunoblot - This is the most sensitive analysis for determining antibodies in blood serum. Its accuracy is 99.9%. Carried out only after a positive result of ELISA. And on the basis of these two and they are diagnosed.
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) - Analysis that allows you to determine the presence of virus DNA in the patient's blood. It has an accuracy of only 85%, but the results come within 10 days. Also, there is no need to wait 3 months, already in the early stages you can get an answer. The diagnosis is not made on this analysis.

How and where to anonymously donate blood for HIV infection, AIDS?

In Russia, as in other countries, AIDS programs are held. After all, this disease is incurable and it poses a significant threat to the population of not only the country, but the whole world.

HIV analysis can be taken in two ways:

confidentiallywhen the patient calls his name
anonymouslywhere the patient is assigned a number

Many had a question - is it possible to take such an analysis anonymously and where is this possible? In the Russian Federation, everyone can take an analysis anonymously, regardless of a medical institution. Whether it is a state clinic or a center for prevention and combating AIDS.

Important: a similar analysis is given completely free. The exception is the analysis of the PCR and the urgent results that can be obtained in paid, independent laboratories.

Also, perhaps not everyone knows, but in clinics you can get anonymous consultation. Both before analysis and after it.

After how much HIV manifests itself, AIDS in the blood for sure: the incubation period of an HIV infection

This disease is also scary because it is definitely impossible to determine its presence right away. And to wait for the necessary delivery time is very languid. After all, this is the worst thing to be ignorant. Moreover, the patient after 8 hours becomes a carrier and a carrier of infection. At the same time, he himself may not suspect!

In most (according to statistics in 90%), antibodies in the body begin to be produced for three months. That is why a second time is assigned
In a small part (approximately 9%), the virus can manifest itself only after six months
And, in less than 1% of antibodies are produced in a later date

Therefore, it is believed that the maximum term, which will give 100% accurate and correct result - after 6 months. Although the incubation period in this disease ranges from 6 weeks to 1 year.

When to donate blood on HIV after contact with a sick person?

After contact with a sick person or with presumably a sick person, I want to run to the clinic and quickly find out the results of the analysis. But you need to not only wait for the necessary delivery time, but the results are also done not the next day.

It is believed that in a month the body begins to produce antibodies and they should be enough to indicate the result.
But! For a more reliable answer, it is better to wait 3 months, And then re -pass again. The second time the analysis is submitted without fail. It is better to endure a little, but be 100% confident in their accuracy.
And do not forget that there are exceptions (that 1%). After all, you can get to that “window period” when the results are not entirely true. Although doctors say that 6 months is the maximum term.

Analysis for HIV, AIDS - Preparation: Blood is donated on an empty stomach or not, is it possible to eat, drink coffee, water before blood donation?

In principle, like any other analysis, only on an empty stomach you need to take HIV. Even the usual general blood test will show the best results if you make it on an empty stomach.

Here a few recommendations that need to be taken into account Before passing the analysis for HIV:

The last meal should be at least 8 hours before analysis
If you really want to, then you can drink a glass of water. But, in no case, not a carbonated drink. Especially such water as Borjomi can show a false-positive answer
It is advisable to refuse coffee, as well as from sweet tea
Do not eat fatty, fried food, marinades the day before

You can not drink alcohol and smoke 12 hours before blood donation (minimum)
Avoid great physical activity, at least in a day
In 12 hours you need to stop taking any medicine
Physiotherapy should also be postponed

Rules and algorithm for blood fence for HIV, AIDS

The previous paragraph indicated what rules the person should hold the person who needs to pass this analysis. But the medical staff should also adhere to the necessary methodology. This is necessary not only for the correct result, but also to avoid damage and complications.

Violations:

The most common violation is considered to be the puncture of the vein through. In this case, a hematoma may form (hemorrhage in the surrounding tissues)
This rarely meets, but neglect of antiseptics can lead to fatal consequences. Perhaps inflammation of the vein (phlebitis) or, the worst version, infection of the whole organism (sepsis)

Requirements:

Medical staff should work in gloves
Hands and injection site without fail should be treated with alcohol or other antiseptic
Use a new disposable syringe or vacuum system

Vacuum system - This is a modern way of taking venous blood. In this case, blood is collected directly in the test tube. Thus, it is possible to avoid any contact of the material with the hands of the medical staff and the environment. And, therefore, the results will be more accurate.

Blood sampling algorithm:

The patient's hand should be in a relaxed state and slightly bent in the elbow joint
The hand is tied with a tourniquet, to probe the pulse
The injection site is treated with alcohol
Then the patient needs to “work with a fist” so that the vein is filled with blood as much as possible
The needle is inserted with a slice down. If you use a syringe, then they type the required amount with it and place the contents in a special test tube. In the vacuum system, blood is immediately filled in the test tube
When the tube is filled, then you need to remove it (in the case of using a vacuum system)
At the injection site, attach a piece of cotton wool moistened in alcohol. And only then get the needle
The hand must be bent at the elbow for a while, to avoid the subcutaneous hematoma

How much blood test is done for HIV, AIDS?

The analysis itself is not done long. On average 15-20 minutes. While the nurse takes blood from the vein in the patient. You need to wait a bit of the result itself. Depends on which institution blood was donated. In some clinics and depending on the analysis itself, the result is possible on the second day. But most often, especially in state institutions, you need to wait a little more.

It has already been mentioned above that the PCR gives a faster but less accurate answer. ELISA will give more reliable information, but you need to wait at least ten days (or even longer). In general, all sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infection, are checked for a long time. Therefore, you will have to wait from 2 to 5 weeks.

Without fail, you need to clarify the issue of waiting time. In a medical institution in which the analysis is directly submitted, they will give a more accurate answer.

A general blood test will show HIV infection?

Also a very common question. Many are interested in, but is it possible to determine HIV with the help of a conventional general blood test? The answer can only be one - no! In order to determine whether there is an antibodies for HIV infection in the body, it is necessary to donate blood from the vein. And only special tests can recognize them. Any other tests will be useless, because they cannot find HIV.

False positive analysis for HIV, AIDS: Causes

What shock does a person receives who sees the positive results of the test. Such situations are far from rare (the main share falls on home tests). But you do not need to panic in advance. It is good that the diagnosis is not made immediately, but a second analysis is prescribed. Therefore, doctors are in no hurry to communicate this news, especially if the probability is infected minimal.

Important: a false positive analysis is the result that indicated the presence of the virus, but it is not in the body.

The reasons:

The presence of any viral, infectious or fungal diseases can show a false result
Oncological diseases can also fail in analyzes
Another reason is increased bilirubin or high level of antibodies
Banal vaccination also affect the answer
Previously transplanted organs
In some cases, a hormonal failure during pregnancy can give a false positive result
Critical days in women
With poor blood coagulation or too thick blood
Arthritis or tuberculosis
With allergies. Any antigens test can show how alien
Eating harmful food or alcohol
Incorrect blood fence, material storage, transportation or low -quality serum

You can not give in a panic - analysis can be false positive — You can not succumb to panic - the analysis can be false positive

Therefore, without fail, it is necessary to report on the presence of any diseases or allergies. Also, an analysis must be taken a month after recovery (even if you were sick with influenza or acute respiratory viral infections).

Is it possible to become infected if the blood of an HIV-infected person enters the skin through dried blood?

This question, probably, was asked by each of us. After all, since school age, the horrors of this disease are already telling us. But there are myths around him that only exacerbate the situation. Let's figure out in order:

If the blood of an infected person enters the skin of a healthy person.

Infection is impossible provided that the skin of a healthy person was completely intact (without wounds, abrasions, scratches)
Infection is possible with a minimum percentage when there were small scratches or wounds without blood
Infection has high chances if a person had open wounds or deep burns. That is, there was a direct contact of blood with blood

If there was contact with HIV-infected dried blood.

This aspect relate not only to blood, but also to sperm, vaginal secretions and other biological fluids.
If there was a contact of a healthy person with the patient's dried blood, then you can relax. To great happiness, HIV in the environment cannot be long and quickly dies (literally a few seconds later).
But! If we are talking about the blood that was on the syringe needle, then the situation is a little different here. The fact is that a little blood remains in the syringe. But it is enough to maintain the life of the virus for several days (according to some reports, up to 48).

Checking for HIV, AIDS at home: express test in a pharmacy

To date, you can even buy such tests that help determine not only the presence of pregnancy, but also HIV infection. Of course, although they have a fairly high accuracy (almost 99%), it is not worth relying on their result. The diagnosis is made only after the delivery of two tests (ELISA).

Express test is carried out using:

blood from the finger
saliva
urine

In Russia, tests are approved for which they use either saliva or fresh blood from a finger. The latter are used much more often. They are sold in pharmacies or in specialized online stores. The principle of action, as in the test for pregnancy.

For those who have no idea, below is presented step-by-step instruction:

For analysis, you need to take only fresh material
The contents of the package should be room temperature
A strip for the dough is placed on a flat surface
Further, a small amount of biological material is placed in a special container (membrane)
You need to wait only a few minutes. Although, as a rule, the result begins to appear instantly
If the test showed one purple strip, then the result is negative. That is, no virus was found. If there are two strips, then the test is positive

The advantages of this test are absolute anonymity, relative cheapness and speed. But it can only be done to calm the soul, as they say, and you need to take a blood test from the vein without fail. Especially if there are at least the slightest suspicion. After all, on the weight of Libra is not only health, but also life! And not only yours, but also your loved ones!