Hyperactive child. Features of education in the family

How to understand that your little fidget is not just an energetic little man, but a child with a pathology? And what to do when the diagnosis of ADHD is confirmed?

Hyperactive child signs

Recently, the term "hyperactivity" is increasingly found in medical cards of small patients. Let's try to figure out what lies behind this diagnosis.

Hyperactivity - In the medical language of ADHD (attention deficit syndrome with hyperactivity) is a pathology in which the child is excited and active beyond measure.

• Unlike healthy children who are also excessively active from time to time, children with ADHD are constantly active. The emergency activity of children with ADHD is caused by the characteristics of the central nervous system, in particular its increased reflex excitability
• This disease is very difficult to diagnose, there are no methods of drug treatment. In the medical environment, the very fact of the existence of such a pathology as “hyperactivity” causes many disputes and discrepancies
• According to doctors, about a third of children, diagnosis of ADHD takes place in adolescence, some of these children are developing ways to cope with ADHD in adulthood
• Typically, the child's hyperactivity begins to clearly manifest itself by 2-3 years. In infancy, it is difficult to diagnose, because The symptoms are expressly expressed, however, there are signs that can be paid attention to from birth

Signs of attention deficit syndrome in babies and children under three years old

• Bad sleep: it is impossible to put a child to sleep during the day, he does not fall asleep well at night
• Frequent vomiting after eating (not spitting, namely vomiting with a large amount of contents)
• The child does not love everything that constrains his movements or presses on the skin: diapers, mittens, hats with ties, sweaters with a clasp under the throat
• They react too emotionally to any stimulus: bright light, loud sound, sharp movements
• There is constant motor activity: the baby moves his arms and legs all the time, earlier the due date begins to turn over, sit down, crawl and get up
• As a rule, hyperactive children are very attached to the mother, they can cry for hours when she is not. At the same time, they are difficult to contact unfamiliar people: they refuse to take toys from their hands, prefer to hide, react violently if someone tries to take them in their arms

Signs of attention deficit syndrome in preschool and primary school children

• Cannot concentrate on one subject, during classes it quickly gets tired and begins to be distracted
• He cannot sit motionless for a long time: he constantly fidgets in a chair, moves his arms and legs, looks around; In class or during feeding it is useless to ask to sit calmly
• He throws everything halfway: reading a book, watching a cartoon, a game with peers
• Developing games requiring perseverance (designers, puzzles, needlework) of such children are of little interest
• They are poorly coping with everything that requires fine motor skills: applications, modeling, shallows of fasteners, laces, hooks on clothes
• Constantly fall into some stories, since hyperactive children have reduced a sense of danger and there is no motor control: they fall, receive injuries out of the blue, often drop something, break and dirty

• At school, they are poorly given mathematics and calligraphy, they do not like to read
• In terms of development, they often ahead of their peers: they have a rather high intelligence, they brilliantly cope with creative tasks, grab the material faster
• Very difficult to discipline, often conflict with teachers, break the lessons
• The biggest problem is adaptation with peers. Due to too mobile attention, hyperactive children are not able to fully support the conversation, join the game; They are too talkative, they can cut off the interlocutor at a glance and start their story
• Excessively react to knuckles and jokes of classmates, conflict more often than usual, quite sharply and rudely behave on the slightest reason; As a result, they often become outcasts and have no friends
• Due to the inability to concentrate, hyperactive children are very scattered and clumsy; They constantly lose something, forget, seek any object for a long time; They are not able to maintain order in the closet, in the portfolio, in the room
• Due to overwork, they often suffer from headaches, gastrointestinal tract disorders, allergies and neurotic conditions

Motor activity of children with ADHD

With all the described negative aspects, there are positive aspects of the increased motor activity of the child. The movement contributes to the active development of all systems of the growing organism. The main thing is to organize the process correctly and direct the activity of the baby in the right direction

• Proper physical activity improve mood and improve sleep, develop the nervous system, regulates metabolic processes and blood supply to organs
  Muscles and bones are strengthened, proper posture and body contours are formed, which contributes to the normal functioning of internal organs
• The heart and lungs are strengthened, accordingly, blood supply and oxygen bias to various organs improve
• Muscle work with properly selected exercises directly affects mental development, speech, memory and mental processes
• Important personal qualities are developing: will, endurance and discipline

Cognitive activity of children with ADHD

Cognitive activity is the child’s readiness to achieve the result, to develop certain skills and skills, to absorb didactic material in the right volume.

His successes in school and subsequent life directly depend on the qualitative development of the cognitive activity of the child. Hyperactive babies are very important to help parents in this matter.

• Dose the amount of information received by the child. Classes should be short, the information is simple and subject that the child can see and touch. Abstract concepts of preschool children are not able to perceive.
• If there is the possibility of practical application of knowledge gained, arrange a little experience with your child, this will help to better learn the material, since visualization is a very important factor in teaching preschool children
• The information received should not be fragmented so as not to create an additional load on the psyche.
• When submitting information, it is important to link it logically with already passed material so that the child develops a holistic picture of the world
• Classes should be of a game character, for preschoolers the game is a leading type of activity through which they know the world around him
• The child should not categorically punish for errors and inconsistency, so you will repel him an interest in classes for many years to come

Aggressive child

One of the options for the manifestation of hyperactivity can be increased aggressiveness of the child. We are not talking about benign aggression that occurs in children if it is necessary to protect their territory from encroachments, or aggression as a response to the offender.

Increased aggressiveness - This is an unmotivated manifestation of anger aimed at others.

Increased aggression is caused by the fact that for the overly excitable psyche of a child with hyperactivity, the slightest reason can serve as a serious irritant and, as a result, a manifestation of “protective” measures to eliminate the cause of irritation.

For others, this behavior often looks unmotivated, as the cause of irritation can serve as completely harmless things from the point of view of adults. How to behave correctly if your child shows increased aggression?

In practice, public punishment (spanking, depriving walks, force to ask for all forgiveness) has the opposite effect: it only enhances the conflict and causes the child to annoy even more. If you ignore the child’s aggressive antics, then the baby perceives it as permissiveness, and the manifestations of unmotivated aggression become for his norm. How to help an aggressive child?

• At the first signs of aggression, you need to switch the child's attention to another topic. At the same time, a very important close bodily contact of the baby and parent, since hyperactive children are very attached to parents, especially to their mother
• Teach your child to share the causes of anger with you. Firstly, the process of wrapping emotions into the words distracts and reassures the child, and secondly, it will be easier for you to understand what served as an impetus for aggression and how to eliminate it
• Carefully make sure that in everyday life the child does not encounter the aggressive behavior of others. The family aggression is unacceptable, you should avoid watching cartoons and adult films with an increased level of aggression, comics, pictures and computer games that carry aggression, should also be excluded from the child’s field of vision
• Bring your child a whiting toy. If he cannot cope with anger, invite him to pour all emotions on a boxing pear or soft pillow. Beat your gift and teach the child to discard aggression without harm to others

How to calm a child?

• Speak-that is, at a very fast pace, start telling something “important” and interesting for the child. He will involuntarily listen, and the tantrum will gradually stop
• Switch your attention to another object, show your interest in this subject and include the child in the conversation: “Oh, look how interesting, I have never seen this. Do you think it is? Help me figure it out "
• Try to puzzle the child. For example, ask him to transfer whims to another time: “Let's quickly go to the store until they closed it, and when we come home, you can cry.” Or, for example, ask the child to cry with bass, because from high sounds, grandmother's ears hurt. Comprehending your proposal, the child will calm down
• Close tactile contact calms the child well. Take your child on your knees, hug tight, whisper in your ear as you love him, wipe the tears
• Ask him about the reasons for the crying, the empathy of the parent gives the baby a feeling of protection and peace

Work with hyperactive children

Hyperactive children have a very high need for approval, praise, acceptance, recognition. Due to their usual behavior, they much more often hear reproaches and threats than words of admiration. How can you create conditions in which your child will feel successful and confident?

• Give your child to a section or art school. Typically, hyperactive children are very gifted creatively: they draw perfectly, they have excellent hearing, against the background of ordinary children their talents stand out quite noticeably
• You can send the child to the sports section if he has a favorite sport and obvious abilities for him. Hyperactive children are usually quite low in the threshold of fatigue and pain, so in sports they also achieve noticeable successes
• Direct the child’s activity in a useful channel: pour flowers, bring water, wash the dishes, clean a cage with parrots. It is important that the case does not require a long time, but bring noticeable help. You can give several tasks with small breaks. So the baby will splash out energy and at the same time feel the pride of the work done
• Praise the child for every success that he managed to achieve: gathered a puzzle, painted a drawing, brought any matter what he started to the end, sat down calmly, lay quietly in sleep. Ask for the same teachers in kindergarten and primary school. A positive reaction of adults will cause a child to develop success in this direction

Hyperactive child. The advice of a psychologist

• Psychologists advise when talking with a hyperactive child to first establish eye contact (“Look at me, please”), only then start the conversation. If during the conversation the child was distracted, establish tactile contact (take the palm, stroke on the shoulder) - such an action will gently return the child's attention to the topic of the conversation
• Determine the hard routine of the day. Stability and predictability are a very important factor for hyperactive children. The established mode will help to avoid excessive load on the nervous system of the child caused by unforeseen affairs or the lack of a habit of a particular occupation
• Try that in the apartment and in the child’s room, all things have strictly have their own place: a lamp, a basket with toys, a payer wardrobe. The hyperactive child is very scattered, and the strict order of things will help him to find the desired object faster and therefore will reduce the grounds for excessive excitement

Hyperactive child. What to do to parents?

Changes in the brain, causing increased excitability and hyperactivity of the child, are not lifelong and often pass to adolescence.

Hyperactivity is not a disease in the strict sense of the word, it is just a temporary deviation. To make life easier for themselves and the baby for a period of growing up, parents need to adhere to several simple rules:

• To avoid excessive punishments for disobedience, since the poor behavior of the child is unintentional, he himself experiences a certain discomfort from the fact that he cannot adapt to general rules. Swearing and accusations will only aggravate the condition of the child
• Try to prevent the child’s hysteria before its occurrence or development to the hyperactive phase.
  Avoid situations that can cause too stormy emotions in the baby: not to arrange surprises, sudden situations, a sharp change in the situation
• To develop certain rules in which the child receives a small encouragement for each well completed task, requiring perseverance and attention
  Develop the rules of behavior (the situation in which the baby always hears the word “cannot”) and gently, but strictly adhere to them
• Avoid the crowd of people, large noisy holidays, a large number of guests in the house; This situation greatly contributes to overexcitation
  Avoid bright details, contrasting combinations and screaming colors in the design of the children's room; give preference to calm tones
• Avoid the pile of furniture and a large number of toys in the nursery, not to allow a mess and clutter
• More often playing with a child in developing and training games. At the same time, the room should not have extraneous sounds (on the TV or radio, extraneous conversations). It is quite difficult for your baby to concentrate, the noise background will cause an additional load on the psyche

• Hyperactive children are well helped to remove the tension of the game in the fresh air, trips to nature, active sports (but not competition!) - any classes that will allow them to give free rein, without causing anxiety to others
• It is advisable to develop a certain ritual of sleeping in order to develop a stable habit and a certain psychological mood in the child. 2 hours before bedtime, stop all active games and classes. An hour before bedtime, turn off the TV, receiver, reduce the total noise background in the apartment. 30-40 minutes before sleep, drink herbal tea, take a bath, massage the legs. This helps to relax and relieve the tone of the nervous system
• You need to lay the child when the windows and doors closed from extraneous noise is turned off. It is advisable to be next to the baby, setting him for sleep: whisper, soft stroking, crackers and sounds.
• It is important that the room where the child sleeps is well ventilated. Materials for bedding and pajamas should be made of natural materials that are not electrified, since static electricity increases the tone of the nervous system

Video: Hyperactive child. What to do?