Forms and symptoms of allergic rhinitis in adults. Treatment of allergic runny nose and nasal congestion at home

This article contains information about allergic rhinitis, its types and methods of treatment.

Allergic rhinitis (runny nose) is also known as hay fever. This is an inflammation of the mucous membrane, which occurs under the influence of all kinds of allergens.

Which doctor will diagnose allergic rhinitis, halflenosis?

Allergic agents fall on the mucous membrane of a person sensitive to them and a response arises in the form of rhinore (transparent mucous secretions from the nose), itching in the nose, paroxysmal sneezing, swelling of the mucosa and as a result of a difficult nasal respiration, sometimes conjunctivitis.

The doctor of ENT and allergist-immunologist will be able to diagnose chronic allergic rhinitis or porelinosis (seasonal allergic rhinoconcivitis).

If you suffer from an impenating annoying runny nose and nasal congestion, you should first contact an otolaryngologist in order to exclude infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract. With a preliminary diagnosis that the ENT will make, we must go to the allergist.

This specialist will conduct a comprehensive examination, on the basis of which he will make a final diagnosis:

• anamnesis
• physical examination (rhinoscopy)
• laboratory diagnostics (skin test, radio allergosorbent test, cytological study of strokes from the nasal cavity)

These basic methods make it possible to conduct differential diagnosis of allergic and non -allergic rhinitis, identify the main allergens and prescribe treatment to the patient.

Most often allergens Spend:

• pollen of some plants
• insects
• ticks whose habitat is home dust
• mold
• yeast fungi
• individually intolerable foods
• book dust
• animal wool and dandruff
• medicinal substances

Heredity plays a large role.

Forms and symptoms of allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinites classify:

• acute episodic, as a result of short -term contact with inhalation allergens
• seasonal, which occurs as a reaction to the flowering of some plants acting as strong allergens
• persian, symptoms in which Belsche is noted for 2 hours daily or at least 9 months a year (most often occurs due to domestic allergens)

Depending on the causes of this disease, several types of allergic rhinitis that determine its symptoms can be distinguished:

• medicine rhinitis - against the background of addiction to vasoconstrictive drops and sprays, is usually manifested by a strong prolonged edema and impaired nasal breathing
• vasomotor - against the background of direct contact with the mucous membrane of the nose of the allergens, an acute attack occurs, which is manifested by a sharp edema, unbridled sneezing, plentiful cerrose discharge from the nose
• infectious and allergic-with a tense allergostatus occurs in the season of colds with a viral attack

Regardless of the shape of this ailment, its symptoms are characteristic.

In addition to the swelling of the nasal mucosa, rhinores, conjunctivitis is possible, the patient has a specific appearance - a puffy face, edema of the eyelids, maceration of the skin around the wings of the nose. The disease brings the patient tangible suffering and discomfort.

Treatment of vasomotor, persistent, chronic allergic rhinitis

First of all, it is necessary to ensure the maximum restriction of contact with an allergic agent.

The basic principles for the treatment of allergic rhinitis are the appointment of antihistamines, local vasoconstrictor, steroid drugs that have a powerful anti -allergic and anti -inflammatory effect.

Symptoms of persistent (chronic) rhinitis are much weaker than with halfleinosis (seasonal fever). In the period of exacerbation, systemic antihistamines are prescribed.

• At light flow use nasal sprays based on sodium cromlycade ( Cromoglin, cromoxal), either drugs that form a protective film on the mucosa, made on the basis of cellulose ( Nazaval). These means are allowed to use for a long time, this is their advantage, but they provide more a preventive effect
• Preparations of choice at heavy current allergic rhinitis - intranasal corticosteroids. The release of these drugs - in the form of sprays, subject to the correct dosage, this makes it possible to avoid systemic action
• During the period remission A patient with a persistent allergic runny nose allergologist may offer allergen-specific therapy, the essence of which is in the introduction (in injections) of increasing doses of allergens to develop resistance to them. This therapy is carried out by a specialist in a stationary

Treatment of drug allergic rhinitis

The uncontrolled use of vasoconstrictive local means is addictive and, as a result, the vessels of the nasal cavity lose the ability to narrow themselves, which causes constantly difficult breathing. Subsequently, atrophy of the mucosa and constant edema develops.

This type of rhinitis can develop after a couple of weeks of the uncontrolled use of local vasoconstrictors.

Pharmacological drugs for treatment:

• glucocorticosteroids
• antihistamines
• procedures: rinse of the nasal cavity (salt solution or special preparations, for example, Aquamaris)
• laying ointments

Folk remedies:

• washing a solution of sea salt
• tea wood oil treatment with oil
• applications
• instillation with mixtures of oils, aloe juice

Apply physiotherapy:

• electrophoresis
• UHF
• phonophoresis
• acupuncture

If there is no effect from conservative treatment, the doctor can recommend surgical intervention.

Treatment of infectious and allergic rhinitis with temperature

Treatment is necessarily prescribed by a doctor.

The combination of allergic and infectious factors of the disease requires combined treatment, which should be aimed at eliminating the infectious pathogen and relieving symptoms.

Using anti -inflammatory, antipyretic, antihistamines are used. Locally - vasoconstrictor sprays.

How to cure an allergic rhinitis complicated by dermatitis?

If allergic rhinitis is complicated by dermatitis, a dermatologist is necessary.

The treatment should be complex. It is necessary to eliminate provoking factors. The patient is carried out antihistamine, detoxification, glucocorticosteroid, immunotropic therapy.

Use external products in the form of ointments, pastes, creams, aerosols, lotions. Physiotherapeutic procedures are used.

It should be remembered that self -medication can cause weights of the picture of the disease and extremely negative consequences. The treatment should be prescribed only by a specialist.

How to cure allergic rhinitis with bronchial asthma?

These two diseases are interconnected. A bar is characterized by suffocation, bouts of cough with very viscous sputum, whistling wheezing.

Prevention and timely treatment of allergic rhinitis can prevent the development of this formidable disease - bronchial asthma.

A patient with bronchial asthma should always have a special inhaler.

The principles of treatment of rhinitis and asthma of allergic origin are the same:

• eliminate (neutralize) allergen (allergens)
• anti -allergic (antihistamines) drugs
• drugs for relieving bronchospasm,
• glucocorticosteroids
• AIT (allergen-specific immunotherapy)

How to cure allergic rhinitis and adenoids?

Chronic allergic runny nose can provoke adenoiditis - the growth of lymphoid tissue of formations located in the nasopharynx.

It is believed that this disease is childhood. With age, adenoids are reduced, and the lymphoid tissue is replaced by connective. This is normal by 12-15 years. However, there are cases that this does not happen.

The most effective means of getting rid of this disease is surgical intervention - endoscopic adenotomy.

Conservative treatment of adenoiditis consists in local vasoconstrictive therapy, with exacerbation - antibiotic therapy, rinsing the throat with eucalyptus infusion, washing the nasopharynx with saline solution.

How to cure allergic rhinitis with conjunctivitis?

Conjunctivitis often accompanies allergic rhinitis. It is manifested by redness of the eyes (scleritis), lacrimation or vice versa with dry eyes due to a decrease in the production of tears, a sense of itching, a reset, retarded eyelids, and photophobia.

The treatment is aimed at stopping an allergic reaction, that is:

• antihistamines
• antiallergic eye drops
• map cell stabilizers (histamine production blockers)
• in a severe course - corticosteroids in the form of drops or ointments

How to treat strong exacerbation of allergic rhinitis in the acute period?

Exacerbation is treated with antihistamine drugs, local vasoconstrictor sprays to relieve edema, eye drops, systemic corticosteroids (in the form of injections).

It is imperative to eliminate allergen. Map cell stabilizers are presented.

Especially severe manifestations of allergic rhinitis and concomitant diseases are treated in a hospital. Prescribe agents to reduce the concentration of allergen in the blood - solutions Reoosorbilakt, Reopoliglyukin drip intravenously.

Sometimes used hemorption and plasmapheresis - Cleansing of blood with the hardware method.

Seasonal allergic rhinitis - Pollynosis: Treatment

With seasonal allergic rhinitis, the prevention of the disease is a large role. The patient needs to prepare for the seasonal exacerbation by taking special drugs.

• Sprays are recommended Kromhexal or Komosol - sodium derivatives
• A drug Nazaval In order to protect the nasal mucosa from irritating allergens factors
• Asyit during remission
• During the exacerbation period, the above drugs are used: anti -allergic, to reduce mucus secretion, anti -repetition agents. Nasal corticosteroid sprays are the most effective remedies for the treatment of porelinosis

Allergic rhinitis during pregnancy: treatment

During pregnancy, an exacerbation of the symptoms of halflelinosis is possible. This disease does not affect the child, but the pregnant woman has the development of complications - sinusitis or bronchial asthma.

All drugs for the treatment of exacerbation of allergic rhinitis during an interesting position should only be prescribed by a doctor!

• In the first trimester, medicines, usually used to stop the symptoms of the disease, are not prescribed. Corticosteroids are contraindicated
• First of all, it is necessary to protect the future mother from contact with the allergen.
  If the doctor considers it necessary to prescribe antihistamines, then 3 generation preparations are prescribed ( Telfast), in the smallest doses
• The drug of choice for women in the position is considered sprays by Komohexal or Komoglin, as well as Nazaval (spray based on pulp powder)
• The vasoconstrictor drops are contraindicated, since they can have a negative effect on uterine-placental blood circulation, thereby worsening the supply of a child with oxygen
• Of the available means to alleviate the symptoms of the disease in pregnant women, doctors usually recommend washing the nasopharynx with saline solutions prepared independently or purchased in a pharmacy ( Salin, Aquamaris). Inhalations can be used to facilitate the condition: with alkaline mineral water, with boiled potatoes
• Inhalation with essential oils are contraindicated

The implementation of general recommendations will also facilitate the condition:

• frequent walks in the fresh air
• i ventilating housing
• frequent wet cleaning

Allergic rhinitis: drug antihistamines - tablets, drops and others

The main group of drugs used to treat the disease is antihistamines. 2 and 3 generations are prescribed that do not have a pronounced sedative effect on the body, act prolonged and effective in relieving symptoms: Cetrin, Zodak, Erius.

Glucocorticosteroids intranasal Apply strictly as prescribed by a doctor:

• Budesonide, Flikosanze, Hoos, Benorin. Contraindicated in children and are assigned with caution in old age
• Antagonists of leukotrienes Assign in a difficult course: Akolat, Singular
• Nasal vasoconstrictor Drops and sprays to eliminate swelling of the nasopharynx are prescribed for no more than 5 days: Pharmazolin, Tizin, Nazol, Vibrocyl
• A separate group of drugs creating a barrier to contact allergic agents with the nasopharynx mucosa: Nazaval (based on pulp powder), Prevalin (a mixture of oils and emulsifiers)

• Cromons - Sodium -based preparations: Komosol, Comogexal, Cromoglin, they are anchimated for prevention and light course of the disease
• Histamine blockerin the form of a nasal spray Allergodil (Azelastin)
• Enterosorbents also have their place in the treatment of the disease, as they contribute to the cleansing of the body of allergens, all kinds of toxins, toxins: Enterosgel, Polysorb, Polyphepan. Reception of these sorbents recruit separately from other funds and only 2 weeks

Allergic rhinitis: treatment and prevention of folk remedies

Of the folk remedies during the disease, only washing with saline and inhalation with alkaline mineral water or a ferry of boiled potatoes are available.

Folk treatment based on the use of herbs is contraindicated, as it can aggravate the patient's condition.

Inhalation with allergic rhinitis

Inhalations with allergic -to -rhinitis are well carried out using nebulizerwhich is the most effective.

Inhalations are carried out:

• with saline, to cleanse and moisturize the nasopharynx mucosa
• with alkaline mineral waters
• with saline hypertensive solution
• with various anti -inflammatory drugs
• with cromons (membrane stabilizers of mast cells)

Any means for inhalation are used in mixed with heated saline form.

Allergic rhinitis: tips and reviews

1. The main advice with allergic rhinitis is not to self-medicate, but to contact a specialist doctor in time, follow all his recommendations and observe the dosage of drugs and the duration of their use
2. Eliminate all possible contacts with allergens
3. often carry out wet cleaning in a living room, ventilate it
4. Observe the hypoallergenic diet, especially during the period of exacerbation

Catherine: From my nose, starting in May, the river flows. I already know that I have halfleinosis. I am saved only by pre -tin.

Dmitry: An ordinary Loratadin helps me. I see no reason to overpay. He changed his job, because in the past it was very dusty and smoky, he immediately felt relief.

Marianne: First of all, you need to go to a good allergist. I am allergic to home dust. I was appointed hire, it helps very well.

Video: Allergic rhinitis and its treatment