Home training of children for school: developing tasks, games, exercises, tests. Psychological and emotional training of children for school: Testing

When the child is prepared for training, he himself takes the initiative in studying and extracurricular activities, he will not have difficulties in the process of studying and communicating with classmates. This article will help prepare a child for school at home, determine the level of knowledge and motivational readiness.

Parents of future first -graders are worried about the question, is their child ready for school? After all, it is very important not just to give the baby to first grade, but to do this on time - when the child will be ready to visit the educational institution morally and is sufficiently developed for this.

An error in determining the readiness of the child can be expensive: unwillingness to attend an educational institution, refusal to teach lessons, depressive condition, uncontrollable behavior - all this will be demonstrated by a first -grader who has ended up in the school “not on the time”. To avoid troubles and prevent psychological trauma in the child, parents should be very attentive to the issue of compliance with the level of his knowledge and skills to modern requirements.

Requirements for the preparation of the child for school: List

To date, a whole list of what the future first -grader should know and be able to know:

• Confidently call your last name, name and patronymic
• The date of your birth
• Home address
• Full name of mom and dad (grandparents and other relatives - at will)
• Place of work of the parents
• Famous poets and writers in the country
• Holidays
• Distinguish the concepts: “forward - back”, “right - left”
• Days of the week
• Colors and shades
• Seasons (with months)
• Rules for traffic on the road
• Distinguish between domestic and wild animals, call them cubs
• Call garden, forest, wildflowers
• Nam the migratory and wintering birds
• Distinguish fruits from vegetables
• Know the profession
• Call modes of transport and way to move it
• Retell what he has heard
• Anwser the questions
• Draw up a picture
• Invent fairy tales
• Tell poems by heart
• Describe from memory
• Copy text and drawing
• Finish offers
• Find an extra object, drawing, word, letter
• Solve riddles
• Count from 0 to 10 and vice
• Know the composition of numbers
• Distinguish the concepts of "more", "less"
• Know the figures
• Write in cells
• Know the letters, distinguish them from sounds
• Determine the first and last letter (sound) in the word
• Select words with the proposed letter
• Read simple words and syllables
• Know when the offer ends
• Circle the contour
• Keep the pen

Despite the fact that many of these skills should study in elementary school, testing before entering the first grade is carried out on these points.

Preparation for school: Developing tasks for children in mathematics

Cognitive interest, fast reaction, non -standard and logical thinking will be formed by a preschooler if you regularly conduct mathematical classes with him in a playful way.

In order for these lessons to benefit the child and joy, parents should take into account:

• the age of the child
• the level of preparation
• the ability to concentrate attention
• interest in classes

Mathematical classes - These are not monotonous examples and tasks. To interest the child and diversify the lessons of mathematics, the following types of tasks should be used in working with preschoolers:

• tasks with geometric shapes
• games
• mathematical riddles
• tasks are jokes
• puzzles

Important: any task should be selected individually, taking into account its degree of complexity and level of development of the child.

Mathematical games

"Houses". Draw 3 three -story houses, each on a separate sheet. On each floor, draw 3 windows. Draw the curtains in some windows arbitrarily. Tell the child that people already live in apartments where there are curtains. Ask him to populate people on the rest of the floors so that on each floor there is equally residents. Let him draw up multi -colored curtains in the windows of those apartments where he settled people. Then ask to count in which house there are more residents.

"Drawings from geometric shapes". Draw on the sheet any geometric figure. Ask the child to come up with a drawing by involving the proposed figure in it. If the baby did not understand the task, show, for example, how easily a circle can turn into the sun, snowman or car wheel.

"Connect the numbers." Ask the child to connect the numbers with lines. Explain that if he does it correctly, he will see the drawing. For young children, use pictures with numbers up to 10, for older children - more complex pictures with numbers up to 30 or 50.

Important: group classes enhance the child’s interest in what is happening. A sense of rivalry, strongly developed in preschool age in most children, will not allow the child to be distracted.

Entertaining mathematical questions and tasks:

• How many legs have three cats and legs in two birds?
• How many ears are in two mice?
• Mom Natasha has a daughter Masha, a cat Fluff and Dog Druk. How many daughters do mom have?
• What is heavier: 1 kg of stones or 1 kg of fluff?

***

Zaychikha has five rabbits

They sit on the grass with mom.

The other hare has three

They are all white, look!

Help me count

How many three and five will be?

***

Pear to the ground fell from the branches

Pears cried, tears dropped

Katya collected them in the basket

I gave my friends everything in the kindergarten:

Two Pavlushka, three earrings,

Marinkka and Arinka,

Masha, Nadia and Oksana

And one, of course, to mom.

Count as soon as possible

How many Katya friends?

***

Five geese flew in the sky,

Two decided to have lunch

And one is resting.

How much did it go on?

***

The mother brought the hen

Seven chickens in the garden for a walk.

All chickens are like flowers.

Five sons, and how many daughters?

***

Four blue plums

Hung on a tree.

Two plums were eaten by the children

And how much did you have time?

Important: encourage the child’s interest in such tasks, praise if he tries to come up with similar tasks on his own.

Preparation for school: Developing tasks for children to read

Reading - One of the most important disciplines. The better the child learns to read, the easier it will be to study at school. The purpose of training - Explain the child’s principles and reading rules, to achieve confident reading of letters, syllables and short words from a preschooler.

Important: due to the fact that information is perceived by young children a little differently than adults, reading is needed only in a playful way.

Child reading plan It is quite simple:

• Make up the letters with the child in this order: all vowels, solid voiced consonants, deaf and hissing consonants.
• Get a quick and unmistakable definition of letters.
• Teach the child to read sounds, that is, to pronounce the letters already familiar to him. Start with simple syllables for reading and pronouncing (on, ma, la, yes) and gradually move on to more complex (Zhu, Ku, GU, FOR).
• Go to reading short and consisting of several simple syllables of words (Ma-ma, b-ba, o-la, cat, house).
• Every day, complicate the task a bit, enter several complex words.
• When a child learns to read words, proceed to reading short sentences.
• After the child learns to read with sentences, you can use various developmental tasks in learning.

IMPORTANT: During class, follow the purity of the pronunciation of sounds, explain in which place the sentence needs to pause between words.

Game "Find the Word". Invite the child to find a certain word in a small unfamiliar text. Moreover, this must be done in a certain time (for example, in one minute).

"Loud, quiet, to yourself". Ask the child to read quieter or louder, then to yourself. According to your instructions, he should switch from one type of reading to another as quickly as possible. Make sure that the pace of reading does not change.

"Sloks on the cards". Write the syllables on the cards so that you can make words from them. Ask the child to help the lost syllables to find his friends and gather in words. Play the game daily, gradually adding new syllables.

"Vowels consonants". Let the child call or write as many consonants as possible in 30 seconds, and then vowels.

"Answers on questions". Harvest a few simple questions on the text. Invite the child to find answers to these questions while reading the text.

"Reading with interference." Teach the child to read regardless of the environment. Turn on the music or TV for a short time while reading. Take the child without paying attention to the change in the sound background, continues to read.

"The size of the letters." Reading texts with different fonts should not be a problem for the child. To do this, daily invite him to print and read letters of different sizes.

"Words - shifts". Show the child the words that change the meaning when reading them the other way around: “cat is current”, “cart - call”, etc. Explain that you always need to read from left to right.

"Reading through teeth". Complicate the usual daily reading with an unusual fun task: the child must read without blurring his teeth. After reading the text, it is necessary to retell it.

"Missed the letter". Write 5 to 10 words he knew, in each of which skip one letter one. Ask the future first -grader to insert missed letters into words.

"Similar words." Write a few pairs similar in writing, but different in terms of words: “cat - whale”, “hand - river”, “house - smoke”. Ask the child to read the couples and explain the meaning of each word.

"Reading in a minute". Offer your child to read the same text daily. Please note that every day he reads faster and more clearly, and for the allotted minute moves further. For clarity, it is better to use sand clock.

Sometimes in children there are difficulties in performing developing tasks for reading. This happens for the following reasons:

• Uncertainty. To make sure that the syllable or word is read correctly, the child rereads it several times in a row.
• Scattered attention. Preschoolers quickly lose interest in boring, in their opinion, classes.
• Insufficient concentration. The child cannot perceive the whole word, but concentrates attention only on the first few letters or syllables.
• A small supply of words. The child pronounces unfamiliar words uncertainly when reading.
• Bad memory. The child does not remember letters, sounds, forgets the principle of the formation of syllables and words.
• Violations of the speech apparatus, chronic diseases of the ENT organs (otitis media, enlarged tonsils).

Video: How to teach a child to read?

Preparation for school, developing tasks for children by writing

The biggest difficulties in all first -graders without exception arise when performing graphic tasks. This happens for three reasons:

• the child is insufficient
• the immaturity of the muscles of the hands
• inexperience

To facilitate the process of mastering a letter at school, parents should start to deal with a child from an early age. Game developmental tasks will help to interest a preschooler.

"Labyrinth". Invite the child to find a way out of the maze to the mouse running away from the cat, or the bunny lagging behind his mother. Using a pen or pencil, you need to indicate the best path.

"Dorce the drawing." Draw a bouquet of flowers and invite the baby to finish the vase for the bouquet, let the fish settles in an empty aquarium, draw the door in the house. The more such tasks the child performs, the more confident he will hold a pencil in his hands.

"Point drawing". Ask the child to connect the points to each other in such a way that the drawing is obtained. If the child has difficulties when performing this task, tell him.

"Hatching". Ask the child to perform any exercises where you need to shake the drawing. These tasks are mandatory for the development of graphic movements. During the execution, make sure that the lines are directed from top to bottom.

Important: the development of fine motor skills in children is facilitated by modeling, games with mosaics, designer, beads, finger gymnastics.

When the child learns to confidently hold a pencil in his hands, offer him to circle the dotted line. You can immediately circle funny children's pictures, then - letters or their elements.

Preparation for school: developing tasks for speech development of children

It is possible to easily and at ease to develop speech in a child with the help of funny tasks and exciting games.

"Impromptu". Prepare 5 - 7 cards with situations or actions depicted on them by the child. Lay out the cards in front of the child with a pattern down. Invite him to choose any card and ask to come up with a story on it. In order for the child to be interested, you can attract other family members to complete the assignment and arrange a competition for the best story.

"Association". Show the child a picture that shows some kind of action he knew (birds fly south, a woman buys bread, children go to kindergarten, etc.). Ask the child to name the words that are associated with his image in the picture.

Game in adjectives. Ask the child to form adjectives from the words provided, answering the questions: “what”, “what”, “which”?

• Light (bright, bright, light)
• House (home, home, homemade)
• Wood (wooden, wooden, wooden)
• Iron (iron, iron, iron)
• Snow (snowy, snow, snow)
• Sand (sandy, sandy, sandy)

Synonyms and antonyms. Ask the child to choose similar and opposite words to the words to arbitrarily taken by the adjective.

The regular performance of speech therapy exercises will help to achieve the purity of the pronunciation of sounds:

"Angry cat". The child has an open mouth, his tongue rests on the lower teeth, while the cat is bent as a cat bent when he is angry.

"Pencil". Put the pencil in front of the child, at the level of his lips, on any hard, flat surface. Ask the child to install the edge of the tongue on the lower lip and in this position to blow a pencil strongly. The exercise is considered completed if the pencil rolls.

"Nut". The child rests his tongue on the right cheek or on the left. In this case, the mouth is closed, the muscles of the cheeks and tongue are tense.

"Snake". The mouth is open. The child puts forward and hides the tongue so that he does not touch the lips or teeth.

"Watch". The child’s lips are ajar, smiling. The tip of the tongue touches the right or left corners of the lips.

"Toothbrush". The tip of the tongue imitate the actions of the toothbrush. Thus, it is necessary to “cleanse” the lower and upper teeth, inside and outside. It is important that the lower jaw remains immovable.

"Fence". A child 10 - 15 seconds shows a “fence” from the teeth, smiling as wider as possible for this.

IMPORTANT: If you correct the pronunciation of some sounds on their own, parents should contact a speech therapist.

Home training of children for school: Developing games

Home preparation for school It implies systematic classes of parents with a child. It is important to devote at least a few hours a day to a preschooler, turning everyday things and ordinary joint walks into fascinating games. Parents should show imagination, find an individual approach to their child, act, according to his interests.

Here are just a few options for joint developing games with a preschooler:

"Name the number." During the walk, ask the child to call the numbers of houses and passing transport indicated on the signs.

"How many trees?" Together, count all the trees that come across to you in the way during a walk. You can also consider cars passing by, everything or a certain color (size, brand).

"Who has changed places?" Put 8 - 10 soft toys in front of the child, ask him to carefully look at them, and then turn away. At this time, change several toys. When the child turns, let him try to guess who has changed places.

"Favorite cartoon." Look with the child his favorite cartoon. Ask questions about its content, ask the child to tell what he is talking about.

"Fairy Tale for Grandma". Read your child a fairy tale. Ask to tell your grandmother (dad, aunt, sister) what this fairy tale is about, to describe the heroes, their appearance and character.

Regular classes, drawing, playing puzzles and mosaics They will carry away the child and, at the same time, contribute to the development of fine motor skills of the fingers.

Important: do not rush the child, do not be angry if he does not manage something right away. Developing games should not only teach a child, but also become entertainment for him.

Home training of children for school: Developing exercises

Developing exercises with preschoolers can be performed not only in a notebook, sitting at a desk, but also on the street. Lessons in the fresh air will like and will be remembered for a long time to every child.

"Seasons".

• Take a walk with your child autumn alley. Show the future schoolboy multi -colored leaves of different trees. Tell us about the seasons and those changes in nature that occur with the onset of autumn, winter, spring and summer. Let the child choose several beautiful leaves and save them at home, between the pages of a thick book. When the leaflets dry, let the child circle them along the contour on a sheet of paper and painting them.
• AT snow winter days Come out together to feed sparrows and blue. Tell the child about wintering and migratory birds. At home, ask to draw those birds that you liked the most.
• Spring Show the child the first blossoming flowers. Tell us that flowers are field, forest, garden. Ask to perform a sound analysis of the words: “rose”, “snowdrop”, “buttercup”, “forget -me -not”.
• During summer walks Pay the child's attention to the temperature on the street. Explain that there is summer and winter clothes. Let the child call clothes that need to be worn in summer, autumn, winter and spring. At home, ask the child to draw summer.

"Application from cereals and pasta". Invite the child to make an application with rice, buckwheat, pasta, semolina, peas and other cereals. Such exercises develop fine motor skills well. Use PVA glue in your work.

"Snowflakes". Teach the child to cut snowflakes. On a piece of paper folded by 4 and 8 times, ask him to cut out different geometric shapes. Expand the snowflakes and evaluate the result.

"Fruits and vegetables from plasticine." Show the child how to easily blind fruits and vegetables from multi -colored plasticine. Immediately the child should roll the ball, and already turn it into the desired fruit or vegetable. The easiest way to make a bunch of grapes, beets or carrots is a little more complicated.

Psychological and emotional training of children for school: tasks, games, exercises

The onset of school life implies that the preschool period is completed. Children have to quickly adapt in the new conditions, get used to the educational load, get acquainted with teachers and classmates.

To make the adaptation period as easier as possible, parents and teachers try to prepare the child for upcoming changes in life. The most successful group games and exercises are.

"One color". Two groups of children need to find the largest number of objects of the same color in 10 seconds. The group that will find more objects wins.

"Magic Circle". Children are offered to circle the circle according to the template and draw any geometric shapes so that the drawing is obtained. When everyone cope with the task, the teacher arranges a drawing contest.

"Repeat." In a group of children of 5 - 7 people, they choose a host. The host comes forward and shows the children any pose. Children try to copy this pose. The new presenter is the one who managed to better deal with the task.

"Well no". Instead of the answers “yes”, “no” to the questions proposed by the teacher, a group of children claps or stomps. You need to agree in advance with the guys what “yes” means cotton, but “no” - stomping with their feet. Questions can be selected arbitrarily, for example:

• "Flowers grow in the field?" And "Flowers fly in the sky?"
• "Hedgehog carries an apple?" And "Hedgehog climbs trees?"

"Myu, wow." Children are sitting on chairs. The host with closed eyes walks next to the children, then sits on the hands of one of the sitting guys and tries to guess who it is. If the presenter guessed, the child says “meow”, if he was mistaken, “bang”.

Important: such classes and games help to form communication skills among preschoolers, develop confidence in their own strengths and capabilities, adequate self -esteem, independence.

Psychological and emotional training of children for school: Testing

It is possible to independently determine whether the child is ready to enter school using several simple tests, the results of which can be trusted.

Test "Draw school"

Give your child an album sheet and colored pencils. Ask the future first -grader to draw your school. Do not tell your child, do not help, do not ask leading questions, do not rush. Let him independently depict on paper that school that seems to him.

Evaluate the results according to the following criteria:

• plot
• figure lines
• color spectrum

Plot:

2 points - The school is located in the center of the sheet, in the figure there are also jewelry and decor, trees, bushes, flowers around the school, students and (or) teachers going to school. At the same time, it is important that the figure shows a warm season and daylight hours.

0 points - the drawing is asymmetric (the school building is located close to one of the edges of the sheet), people in the figure are absent or depicted sad children leaving the school; On the street autumn or winter, night or evening time.

1 point - The figure has elements of both characteristics.

Figure lines:

2 points - The lines of objects without breaks are carefully drawn, even and confident, have different thicknesses.

0 points - the lines are fuzzy, weak or careless, a schematic drawing; Double or intermittent lines are used.

1 point - The figure has elements of both characteristics.

Color spectrum:

2 points - The predominance of bright and light colors.

0 points - Drawing in gloomy colors.

1 point - The figure has both dark and light colors.

The sum of the balls indicates the readiness of the child for school:

From 5 to 6 - The child is ready for school, he has a favorable mood towards the learning process, will interact with teachers and classmates.

From 2 to 4 - The idea of \u200b\u200bthe school is somewhat distorted, there is not enough information. On this basis, the child has fears and anxiety, which he may be shy about sharing with his parents. Elder relatives need to find out the cause of nervousness and try to form a positive attitude towards school in the child.

From 0 to 1 - The child is not ready for school, strong fear will prevent him from studying normally, communicate with classmates and teacher.

To determine whether the child is oriented to attend the school, the educational process, whether he represents himself as a schoolboy in the near future, will help nephenova test.

Important: this test should be carried out only with those children who already attend preparatory courses at school or are well acquainted with the learning process.

Three answers are proposed for each of the questions: a, b, V.

BUT - orientation to study, estimated at 2 points

B - orientation to the learning superficial, not completely formed, attract external bright attributes of school life - 1 point

AT - There is no orientation to school and training, the child prefers extracurricular activities - 0 points

Ask your child the following questions, offering to choose an answer from three options:

Do you want to go to school?

A - yes, very

B - not sure, I don't know, I doubt

In - no, I don't want

Why do you want to school, what are you interested in there?

A - learn to read, write and count, receive knowledge

B - I want to buy a beautiful briefcase, notebooks and shape to me, I want new textbooks

In - at school it is fun, there are changes, I will have new friends, I'm tired of in the kindergarten

How are you preparing for school?

A - I teach letters, read, write prescriptions, solve examples and problems

B - parents bought a form, portfolio or other school attributes

In - draw, play, sculpt from plasticine

What do you like at school?

A - lessons, classes in class

B - changes, teacher, new desks, the type of school and another, which does not apply directly to the process of learning and gaining knowledge

B - a lesson in physical education and (or) drawing

If you had not went to school or kindergarten, what would you do at home?

A - read, wrote letters and numbers, solved tasks

B - played the designer and painted

B - looked after a cat (or other pets), walked, helped mom

Evaluate the results (the sum of the points score):

0 – 4 - The child does not realize that he will go to school, does not show interest in the upcoming training

5 – 8 - there is a superficial interest in the learning process, is the initial stage in the formation of the position of the student

9 – 10 - The attitude to the school is positive, the child feels like a schoolboy.

Diagnosis of general training of children for school: tests

Diagnosis of general training of children for school is carried out by a psychologist by special tests. Here is some of them:

Test "Yes - no". The psychologist asks the child to answer questions in any way, the main thing is that he does not use the words “yes” and “no”. The child tries to choose the necessary words, focused on not to violate the rules, so his answers will be as true as possible.

1. Want to school?
2. Do you like fairy tales?
3. Do you like cartoons?
4. Do you want to stay in the kindergarten?
5. Do you like to play?
6. Want to study?
7. Do you like to get sick?
8. You have friends?
9. Do you know what time is now?

When evaluating the results, the teacher determines whether the answer satisfies the rules of the task. Answers: “yeah” or “naa” are not a mistake. One error \u003d 1 b. All answers are true - 0 b.

0 – 2 - attention is quite developed

3 -5 - developed medium or weak

5 – 10 - poor, unsatisfactory attention

Definition of motivational readiness. The psychologist asks a number of questions, gives the child time for reflection and reasoning, helps, in the event of difficulties:

1. Name your name and age
2. Name, patronymic and surname of mom and dad
3. Where do you live?
4. Name your family members
5. What are you interested in in your city?
6. What to do if you see a person who has fallen?
7. When do kidneys and leaves appear on the trees?
8. Why do you need an army?
9. How and where do you cross the road? This is right?
10. How to find out that it was rain recently?
11. Why do you need your ears and nose?
12. Want to school? What will you do there?
13. How many days are there in a week?
14. How many times of the year? Months? Name them
15. Your favorite and unloved professions
16. What do you like to watch on TV?
17. What country do you live in? What other countries do you know?
18. If you broke your knee and went blood, what needs to be done?
19. What dishes do you have in the kitchen?
20. What products do you know?
21. What animals are home and which wild? What is the difference?
22. What is a day? Night?
23. If you took a friend to play a toy and lost it, what will you do?
24. Count from 1 to 10 and vice versa, name the number that stands before 5 and after 8
25. What is more than 2 or 3?
26. What is interesting at school?
27. How do you behave away?
28. Why are children not allowed to play with matches and fire?
29. What does it mean: “Do you like to ride, love and carry sleds”?
30. What is the difference between people from animals?
31. Why do they pay money in the store, in the bus, in the cinema?
32. Who is Gagarin?
33. What will you do if you see how the house burns?

When evaluating the results, the child’s ability to reason, conduct a conversation is evaluated.

"Snake." Test for determining the level of development of fine motor skills. In 30 seconds, the child should draw in the circles of the point. The more he has time to leave points, the better. One point \u003d 1 point. When calculating points, only those points that are in a circle are taken into account. The points on the border are not considered.

34 and more - Great development

18 – 33 - above average

12 – 17 - insufficient development

11 and less - low level, unsatisfactory result.

If the psychologist after the tests comes to the conclusion that the child needs to stay in the garden for another year, parents should listen to the opinion of the specialist. Perhaps this year will change a lot in the life of the child, during this time he is aware of his role in school, and will show interest in gaining knowledge.

Video: preparation for school, preparing children for school, preparing a child for school