10 interesting facts about the Mariana hollow, the deepest place on Earth. What is the depth of the Mariana cavity, what is in it? Is there life in the Mariana gutter?

Interesting facts about the Mariana Slok.

Content

The Mariana cavity is one of the most unusual, interesting places underground, below the sea level. The area is poorly investigated. Not a very large amount of information about this place is known. We will try to tell about interesting facts.

Mariana cavity on the map

The Mariana cavity is an ocean deep -sea groove in the west of the Pacific Ocean, the deepest that is known at the moment. The location can be seen on the map.

What is in the Mariana Blood: relief and features

Not many expeditions visited the bottom of the gutter. The fact is that the first attempts to get to this place are dated 1875. Then a group of scientists tried to get to the area of \u200b\u200bthe hollow. There are a lot of interesting stories, as well as legends that say that all the equipment that went down with a very thick cable was deformed and beaten, despite the fact that it was made from very durable metals created specifically for the expedition. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe hollow there is very high pressure, it is 1100 times more than atmospheric pressure. After all, the whole thickness of sea water presses on this point.

Peculiarities:

It was previously believed that this area is smooth, in fact it is not so. Four peaks, several mountain ranges were discovered inside the gutter.
The most interesting thing is that the Marian groove was formed as a result of a collision of the Philippine and Pacific slabs and their faults.
A specific mucus of gray color was found at the very bottom, which resembles a viscous thick porridge. In ordinary rivers, this resembles silt. In this case, it is slippery enough. But under the pressure that is observed in the Mariana groove, the substance turned into a viscous, sticky, viscous mass.

Mariana cavity: depth, water temperature

Mount Everest is considered the highest peak, its height is about 8,800 m, while the depth of the Pacific gutter reaches 11 km. That is, if you plunge Mount Everest to the bottom of the hollow, then even more than 2 kilometers will be to the top of the sea. The height of the Mariana hollow is greater than the height of Mount Everest.

There are several more unusual facts about the gutter:

It is believed that the water inside this complaint should be very cold, in fact the temperature is from 1 to 4 degrees. This is due to the fact that at some points of the Mariana cavity there are hot springs that, as it were, shoot boiling water.
In this case, the temperature of the liquid in these sources is approximately 412 degrees Celsius. But since this happens in the water column, the liquid does not seet up, due to the fact that the region is very strong. Hot springs mix with cold water, increasing the temperature. Thanks to this, at least some life is possible at the bottom of the Mariana depression.

The depth of the Mariana Slok: Features of the Measurement

The data of all expeditions differ. This is due to measurement equipment. In this case, the density and temperature of the water in different areas is significantly different. What makes errors in measurements.

The maximum depth of the gutter is 11022 m, according to the 1951 expedition. Subsequently, it was the value of 11 022 m that was indicated for the maximum depth of the Mariana gutter in the Soviet educational and encyclopedic literature.
1995 studies showed that it is about 10920 m, and 2009 studies, that 10971 m. Recent studies of 2011 give a value of 10994 meters with an accuracy of ± 40 meters .

10 interesting facts about the Mariana Slok

For a very long period of time, it was believed that there was no life in this area, because the pressure does not allow anyone to survive there.

Life in the gutter and interesting facts:

Recently there were facts that there are huge amoebas in the waters of the hollows. These are unicellular creatures with a diameter of 10 cm, covered with a special film that is very resistant to pressure, and is not destroyed. They feed on these unicellular in that it hit the bottom of the Mariana cavity.
It is believed that this place contains a huge number of fragments of corpses of marine creatures and fish.
In addition, she was found near the hollow with a very unusual composition of the shell, which are not destroyed under such high pressure. Before that, it was believed that mollusks in shells, in a solid shell, could not exist there, due to high pressure.
The most interesting thing is that organisms that live in a gutter inert in relation to heavy metals and some acids. These reagents simply do not take them, despite the fact that most living organisms die from exposure to these substances.
Octopuses and mollusks turn hydrogen sulfide, which stands out in a gutter, into a special protein. This allows them not to die in such aggressive conditions. In this case, the tree and glass are destroyed at pressure in the gutter.
In addition, at a depth of 4000 m from the surface of the sea, the oldest fish live. They are almost all blind, because sunlight does not penetrate to such a depth and practically nothing is visible.
Living organisms have very thick skin, and are covered with a kind of scales, which differs significantly from ordinary sea fish. Because the surface of the skin of the fish should withstand this strong pressure that is inside the Mariana cavity.
There are a lot of stories around the Mariana gutter, and quite terrible. One of the expeditions, which decided to explore the hollow, lowered the cable with the equipment to the bottom, heard a terrible rattle and was afraid for the equipment, lifted it up. I found that there are significant damage on a cable with a diameter of 20 cm, it was half cut, as if with a saw. That is why there were talk that creatures like mythical monsters live there. In fact, at the moment there is no longer any evidence that terrible monsters really live in the Mariana cavity, which are distinguished by their appearance and resemble ancient fish and terrible creatures.
So neither sharks nor well -known sea fish from which we usually cook food do not live deeply. Because all these fish have vision and live shallow in the sea. Even the largest whale does not swim deeper than 1000 m. Therefore, all other fish, living creatures that are near the hollow are significantly different from standard fish with their trunk, as well as some features.
In this place, strange octopuses were discovered, which have no tentacles, the whole body resembles a huge skirt. The structure is due to the fact that in such conditions it is necessary to move and resist high pressure. That is why the octopus has such a peculiar shape. In addition, almost all the inhabitants of the gutter are covered with very dense skin, which resists such high pressure and does not destroy.

At the moment, the Marian cavity is a practically unexplored object, due to the fact that humanity has not yet stepped so far in its development in order to plunge to such a depth, to study all living organisms. Despite the fact that we fly into space and study other planets, at the moment only 5% of the oceans have been studied. The most mysterious part of it is the Mariana cavity.