Due to which it takes off, the plane rises into the air: physics

A plane is an incredible strength and beauty, especially in flight. But how can such a huge car be lifted?

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It is difficult to surprise a modern person with a flying plane in the sky. But if you were at least once near this multi -ton technique, then you were puzzled by the question - Due to which the plane takes off And how does the air hold it?

From school textbooks in physics, everyone knows that the main flight tools are the strength of the engine is traction And lifting force.

Due to what the plane takes off: what helps him?

The key surface structures of the aircraft are wings with the upper convex part and a flat lower one. Due to their special form, the movement of the aircraft at high speed turns the air flow into a bearing force. The lower part of the aircraft profile leaves the air flow unchanged. Upon contact with the upper part, the air flow is narrowed.
The design of the wings It is most important for the aircraft. A safe flight of a person depends on their ability to withstand a large load.
According to bernoulli law From physics - a high speed of air flow leads to low pressure and vice versa. If you apply this rule to the aircraft, we get that under the wing the air pressure is much higher than above its surface. Due to which the plane takes off.
The beginning of the movement of the aircraft begins due to the aviation engine. With the help of traction, a certain speed develops. As a result, it is formed lifting forcewhich affects the wing, and then on the entire plane.

As soon as the force begins to surpass the weight of the aircraft, it begins to fly into the air. With an equivalent value of these parameters, the aircraft is aligned in a horizontal position.
The law of physics helps to rise into the air. So that the wings are steamed in the air, it is necessary to create the difference in pressure. To take off the passenger liner, it is necessary to develop speed from above 180 km/hour.
For a full run of a heavy aircraft, a long runway is required. The airliner should dial the maximum take -off speed. As soon as the desired speed is achieved, a separation from the ground occurs and the plane rises into the air.

The easier a flying agent, the less speed is needed for take -off, for example, to take off the passenger aircraft TU 154M, it is necessary to develop a speed of 210 km/h, for a heavy aircraft Boeing 737 - 220 km/h. Safety and reliability of flight depends on the speed of take -off.

Such indicators as the shape and profile of the wing, the angle of attack, the density and speed of the air flow. The flight height is important, which for different aircraft is from 5 to 12 thousand meters. At high altitude, air resistance is significantly reduced and the plane consumes less fuel than at a height of up to 1000 m.
The ratio between the metal wing and the air flow is called the angle of attack. To separate the aircraft from the ground, an indicator of 3-5 ° is required. The wing design is a disproportionate metal profile with a convex upper part and even sheet from the bottom. The straight lower surface provides a full movement of the air mass.

If the attack angle exceeds the critical mark, the plane will begin to fall.

Due to which the plane takes off: p rincippe of the aircraft in the air

The question of how the plane takes off depends on the capabilities and characteristics of the 4 main parts:

The plane of the wing
Draspur and flaps
Spoilers
Screw and reactive engine

The wings of the aircraft help to fix the device in a horizontal position. Mobile edges are provided for control at the height.

When taking off the aircraft, the pilots with special levers set the position for maximum thrust. With the help of mobile edges, the lifting force of the wing increases. When landing the aircraft, passengers can see how on the back of the wing clinks are lowered. Is happening a smooth loss of height.
The convex shape of the wing creates the upper air flows a longer path than under the wing. Since behind the wing the amount of air should be the same, lengthening the upper route leads to acceleration of movement. As a result - a decrease in air pressure above the wing. Uneven pressure from above and below the wing helps to maintain a huge design in the air.
The wings of the airliner on their own do not form the lifting force. The movement of the aircraft forward is carried out using jet engines. Their work ensures a large amount of air. The reactive force provides the aircraft movement, and in the process of set of speed, lifting force occurs.
The pilot of the aircraft controls the flight using sHAVAL. By pressing pedals and aligning the helm to a certain position, a height or a decrease occurs.
To expand the plane, in the tail there is a vertical keel and horizontal stabilizers. Small tail wings help to maintain a fixed position.

When raising the aircraft upward, the pilots lower the tail slightly. In this position, the angle of attack of the wing increases.
The helm reaches for itself, and the plane is gaining height. Pressing on the left pedal very smoothly tilts the plane to the left, to the right - to the right.
For additional braking on the wings of the aircraft, spoilers are provided. Their control is carried out by manually pilots.

Due to which it takes off, the plane rises into the air: take -off ways

It is possible to provide a specific speed to take off the aircraft in several ways:

Take -off of the aircraft from the brakes - The most common way. The engines of the aircraft are uncombted to the desired speed when holding the aircraft on the brakes.
As soon as the desired indicator is achieved, the aircraft descends from the brakes and proceeds to an accelerated run.

Take -off the aircraft with intermediate braking on the runway - The speed is gained when running in a long strip.
Take -off during the period - At an airfield with a limited amount of free space, the aircraft separation is carried out immediately, which allows you to accelerate the take -off and use a minimum of the runway.
Take -off with springboard and systems for braking wheels - It is used to take off combat aircraft from the surface of aircraft carriers. To create powerful traction, the planes are equipped with missile engines.
Take -up vertically - It is used for military equipment on a limited runway.

Every the plane takes off According to the clearly registered briefing, which indicates the separation speed, the permissible mass during takeoff, the noise level and other indicators.

How the plane takes off: safe movement

After The plane takes off, During the flight, he overcomes the turbulence zone, flies through the clouds, meets with unforeseen weather conditions. At this moment, a person is embraced by anxiety.
The viewing of the console is a normal load for the design of the airliner.
A lightning strike is not able to get the plane out of balance. A possible deviation is a short -term disconnection of the devices. But in the thunderclouds are concentrated high -power air flows, capable of violating balance.
Automated control of the aircraft is under constant control from the ground. Thanks to this, the aircraft observe certain routes and do not intersect.

During the flight from the pilot, it is required maximum attention. He is obliged to control the operation of the engines, monitor the height and the chosen course, for his own direction and the movement of other aircraft.
The coordinated work of equipment and a well -trained pilot - allow passengers to provide a safe flight.