Split of the shoulder joint: causes, symptoms, first aid and treatment

From this article you will learn how to determine the dislocation of the shoulder joint, and the correct treatment methodology.

Spades of the shoulder is the most common injury among the dislocations of the limbs - statistics have it, more than 50% of the damage belongs to it. The joint of the shoulder is very mobile, exposed to injuries - has a small zone for touching the joint surfaces.

Varieties of dislocations of the shoulder joint

Dislocation of the shoulder joint  - violation of the surface of the joint of the humerus and blades entirely or the part in which the points of contact are lost. As a result, due to the impaired position of the bones, damage to the joint bag and the ligamentous apparatus in this area is possible.

At the time of the shoulder dislocation, the mobility of the hand is limited. Repeated dislocations are also acceptable, the frequency of pathology can reach up to 10 times during the year. Multiple slipping of the bone head violates the integrity of the shoulder joint and leads to arthritis or arthrosis.

1. Front indirect - The widely known type of damage to the shoulder joint. It occurs as a result of the fall of a person, while the hand is in an elongated position. This leads to the rupture of the joint capsule and the loss of the bone head. The blow in the back can provoke a dislocation. Sometimes pathology develops with convulsive muscle spasm. The genetic deviation in the joint serves as the cause of the recurrence of the anterior dislocations with the least damage to adjacent soft tissues and nerve endings.
2. Rear dislocation - It happens much less often. In this case, the injury occurs with direct damage, in which the power distribution has the anterior location, or indirect - the force exposure is located far from the joint in the area of \u200b\u200bthe elbow or hand. The mobility of the hand with such a pathology is difficult, especially in the lower position. They try to fix his hand in a more convenient raised condition.

   

3. The lower dislocation of the joint - An infrequent type of injury. It happens at the moment of fall or blow when the position of the hand in the raised state is above the shoulder level. As a result, the bone is displaced under the hollow of the joint, and the hand closes in an unnatural raised location. Such an injury is accompanied by a violation in the armpit area of \u200b\u200bthe function of blood vessels and nerve endings.
4. There are also mixed types of dislocations - the rear and lower or front and lower. These are extremely rare species. The injury occurs when two types of dislocation are combined.

Types of dislocations of the shoulder joint according to the nature of the occurrence

The dislocation of the shoulder joint according to its signs and degree of limitation of injury is divided into several categories:

1. Dislocation is traumatic - It is formed as a result of a fall or blow to the shoulder area. The hand is in an elongated position.  It is often found in athletes at the time of active actions.
2. Primary dislocation It is customary to call an injury that happened for the first time, regardless of the classification.
3. A long -standing dislocation The injury is considered, the term of which is more than three weeks. The patient did not take measures to restore the shoulder and further treatment of the inflammatory process. The result is muscle atrophy, disability.
4. Familiar dislocation The relapse is already previously manifested. The pathology is formed during disorders of the nervous and vascular nodes, the fracture of the articular cavity. Repetition of injury can occur as a consequence of the scarring of the joint, as a result of improper treatment. The result of such a pathology of the joint structure of the joint arises the formation of its shakiness with the usual dislocations. This condition can extend for several years and repeat more than once, each time reducing the interval between injuries.

   

5. Split with a fracture - Similar injuries combine manipulations for simultaneously turning the joint and collect a fracture. Often, with such damage, surgery is necessary.
6. With arbitrary dislocation - The violation is not traumatic. It occurs with cracks on the bone or stretching of the ligaments.
7. Open dislocation - rupture of tendons and nerve endings when bone divergence. Such injuries need surgery: restoring the integrity of the fabric and turning the joint.
8. Pathological dislocation - occurs due to the development of diseases of the connective tissue. This makes the joint unstable. Even in the case of turning the joint, there is a risk to repeat the injury.
9. Chronic dislocation - It is produced during the development in the joint of tuberculosis, osteomyelitis, tumors.

Symptoms of a dislocation of the shoulder joint

The shoulder joint during the dislocation is deformed, the limb loses its mobility. The patient feels pain and numbness.

The symptoms of the shoulder dislocation include the following signs:

1. The acute sensation of pain in the joint area. Especially noticeable if the injury occurs for the first time. When repeating dislocations, the pain can have a mild in nature. This is based on the fact that in case of damage, the joint capsule breaks, and with it the nerve fibers, muscles and tendons are disturbed.
2. Reducing mobility - It is problematic to make familiar movements.  If you deliberately try to carry out a circular motion of the shoulder, there may be a sensation of resistance, it is the result of the displacement and loss of the functionality of the joint. The sensation of resistance occurs due to muscle contractions with pain spasm and involving a joint bag in the process. The cessation of mobility can be partial and complete, depending on the severity of the damage.
3. Visual deformation of the shoulder. In the case of one -sided dislocation, asymmetry is observed in the shoulders. The joint in the damage zone becomes flat, there is a bulging of the shoulder blade and a clatter shift. With the front dislocation - the joint head of the bone is felt.
4. Swelling of the shoulder. It appears due to the formation of the inflammatory process characteristic of injury. There is an expansion or squeezing of large and small blood vessels, the outflow of fluid is inhibited. The shoulder increases in size in the area of \u200b\u200bdamage, when pressed on the skin, a dent remains. Sometimes these symptoms spread throughout the hand. An inflamed edema is able to lead to squeezing the nerve endings, numbness and turning the hand, as well as a complete loss of mobility as a result of complication. To prevent this, you can not wrap your hand and shoulder with a tight bandage.

All varieties of dislocations of the shoulder have similar symptoms. Loster types of dislocations have some difference: the joint capsule is compacted over time, the coarsening and loss of tissue elasticity occurs. The inflammatory process that has become chronic creates fibrous ligaments. This phenomenon contributes to the overgrowing of the joint capsule.

The bones grow together in the wrong position and lose their natural mobility. Such a pathology has no pain. Thanks to this, the paramount feature of the old dislocation is the deformation of the joint and a violation of mobility. Due to a considerable formation of fibrous ligaments, the bone is impossible. This form of dislocation is not amenable to traditional treatment and requires surgical intervention.

Treatment and first aid when dislocation of the shoulder joint

With the dislocation of the shoulder, first of all, it is necessary to immobilize the limb before the assistance of specialists. You can not try to set the shoulder joint yourself.

Warm assistance

• It is allowed to apply ice to the field of damage - this will help to suspend the development of the inflammatory process and swelling.
• Anesthetic drugs should be taken.
• It is recommended to fix the hand with a bandage from improvised means.
• Timely appeal to a specialist will protect from the consequences and complications.

Methods of treatment

In the primary task - the reconstruction of a typical shape of the joint. Apply various conversion techniques and surgical intervention. On the basis of this, two treatment methods were formed - traditional and operational technique.

• Traditional technique Comains some techniques for laying off the dislocation. The operational includes a variety of types of surgical operations: zones with a clear violation are extracted, and a joint is formed from non -affected fabrics.

• Rehabilitation period After treatment lasts more than a month. It is necessary to be at rest and do not carry out pressure on the shoulder, for this it is recommended to wear a fixing bandage. In order to quickly recover, the patient is prescribed physiotherapeutic sessions.

Important: the determining method of treatment is the timing of the provision of medical care. The shorter the term between the injury and treatment, the less likely the need for surgical intervention is. This is due to the fact that during injury, natural tissue regeneration processes are connected and the joint ossification begins.

In chronic joint head - therapeutic gymnastics is contraindicated. For correction, only the surgical method is used. The patient should know that the surgical method does not give a guarantee of getting rid of repetition of injury at an advanced stage. For this, a more complex manipulation is carried out - implantation clip for joint fixation.

During the treatment, the doctor himself determines which type of clip to install - absorbing or metal. With severe damage, the joint is replaced by implanted material completely. Implantation is made up of the patient’s bone and cartilage.

In some cases, an open joint technique from bone parts is used - the operation occurs when the shoulder sector is completely opened. This method includes elements of plastic surgery. The rehabilitation period depends on the age of the patient and the severity of the injury - no more than two months.

It is extremely necessary to follow the doctor’s instructions to restore the joint function: the execution of special exercises and visiting health procedures, pulmonary gymnastics. Training in such cases occur in stages, gradually increasing the load on the implant. In the complex, antibiotics and drugs against the formation of blood clots in the vessels are prescribed.

Video: First aid when dislocation of the joint