Who came up with Yuryev day, and who canceled it.
Content
Many have heard the proverb “Here's your grandmother and Yuryev day,” but few people know what she means. Who is Yuri, why this proverb is connected with him, we will tell in the article.
What is Yuryev Day in History: Definition
Many interesting, unusual stories are connected with St. Yuri or George. Initially, this is a peasant who lived in a prosperous family in the 3th century AD. He grew up, became a beautiful, smart prominent young man and entered the service of the emperor. Soon he became his close face, served Vera and Truth. But at that time there were serious persecution of the peasants, and George could not stand it, and told the emperor about his origin. That is also a peasant, while the emperor trusts him, more than everyone else. He was indignant at the fence of the peasants. Of course, the emperor did not like this, he killed the young man. Since then, George began to be considered a saint, because he preached Christianity and spread it.
It is worth noting that St. George's Day was celebrated only in Russia. In other religions, there is no more this day. Based on this, Yuryev day is the day of St. George, which was celebrated on December 9, before the abolition of serfdom.
Many peasants waited for the Yuryevo days, because only on this day it was possible to move from one landowner to another. That is, this is a kind of transition from one master to another. At the same time, the peasant had to pay a certain amount. To be more accurate, this is the money due to which he lived on the land of its owner in the provided house. The most interesting thing is that the people call this day Yegor. It was thanks to this that the expression “overeat” arose, that is, deceive. Not all landowners honestly calculated with the peasants and paid them the money that they deserved. Many of them were simply deceived, they were paid at the end of the meager amounts.
When, at what king in Rus' was Yuryev Day, and what are his rules? Who canceled Yuryev day when it is celebrated: date
Yuryev day was created in 1497 by Ivan III. It was he who described and allowed the peasants to choose a new master for himself for a year, and move on to him. In fact, this was not one day, but a week until December 9, and a week after it. This period was chosen for a reason, because at that time all work in the fields ended, and there was winter ahead. That is, in fact, there was no particular work, and a person could at that time carry out a transition.
With the abolition of this day, it is somewhat more complicated, because the facts are vague. Many of the historians insist that Ivan the Terrible canceled Yuryev, finally enslaved the peasants. But some of the historians deny this fact, and believe that this happened much later. This was done by his son under the influence of Boris Godunov. In fact, this day was not canceled in the documentation, but such conditions were created that the peasants could not pay these duties, go to another master.
The most interesting thing is that then many of the peasants were forced to flee from some owners to others. Because they treated them badly. But there were certain years in which some important and serious decrees were issued. In these years, it was impossible to move from one master to another. Accordingly, earlier, all those who moved to other owners could be returned back to the former master.
Often, the hosts were wanted, because the peasants simply ran away from one owner to another. If no one has found a peasant for five years, he could already be considered quite free. He had no right to return him back, but all these 5 years he had to hide somewhere with his family.
There is an opinion that this day was canceled in 1581. It was this year that church reform was adopted, which said that the churches were not laid more than the Earth. They should not grow any crops, grains or vegetables for themselves, and now they will only live at the means that the rulers allocate them.
The fact is that it was on Yuryev day that many of the peasants switched to monastery lands. That is, on the lands that belonged to the church, because it was much easier to work on them. A lower tax was charged, they paid less for the use of lands. The equipment for the cultivation of these lands was more modernized and it turned out to be much easier to work. Therefore, most of the peasants ran from the landlords to the monastery lands.
It was this church reform in essence that the Yuryev was canceled, because it makes no sense to move from one master to another with the peasants. After all, almost all landowners tried to squeeze out the maximum of everything from the peasant. At the same time, the amount that had to be paid to the master to move from him to another owner was increased. It is believed that the son of Ivan the Terrible Fedor adopted this law, but many historians believe that this happened under the influence of Boris Godunov.
“Here's your grandmother and Yuryev day” meaning, meaning of phraseology
After 1581, the proverb "here is your grandmother and Yuryev day." Means the abolition of hopes, bitter disappointment. Indeed, many people were waiting for this day to end their relationship with the master, who pulled three skins from them, and switch to monastery lands. But now there was nowhere to go, because these lands were taken away from the monasteries and there was nothing to cultivate. There were practically no options for the work for peasants, except how to walk from one master to another.
Many historians believe that in fact the church reform has little affected, because then there were quite vague times for the peasants. There were a huge number of lands, there are few peasants, so the landowners themselves were interested in the peasants to work and offer them pretty good conditions. But then there were cases of the departure of the peasants from the master. That is, the peasants fled from one landowner to another.
It was finally finished with the Yuryev day in 1649, under Alexei Mikhailovich. Then a document was adopted, which was called the Council Code. According to this document, the rights of peasants were completely eliminated from one landowner to another. Accordingly, it was from this date that the peasants became serfs, that is, forever attached to a certain land and landowner.
Scientists are still arguing when serfdom was founded. Many adhere to the versions of the Council Code. But some consider this process more stretched in time.
Video: Yuryev Day
What nonsense!? What "3rd millennium of our era"!? When is it at all? How could he preach Christianity who is 2 thousand years old?
The article is useful and interesting. Edit it: not in the 3rd millennium, but in the 3th century of our era; Not the "rot of the peasants", but "the persecution of the peasants." I like the proverb, I use it, however, more often in humorous situations.
Alexey Mikhailovich, not Alexander
an article about the enslavement of peasants is the fruit of the semi -knowledge. Inside, the contradiction (this is the smallest evil) who paid money to whom, who was the use of whom? The reader was confused. And the rest has nothing to do with scientific ideas.
My name is Yuri, and I always wanted to know the date of my name day. The name is rare in
Orthodoxy. There are no calendars.
Yuri, in the calendar of the name day Yuri is George. The meaning of the name is farmer. Greek name, and Yuri-Slavyanskoye. The date of the name day must be watched (if it does not coincide with the birthday) after your birthday in the calendar is the next day of St. George. Saint George, whose memory is performed on this day, is your heavenly patron.