Secrets of Egyptian pyramids: interesting facts. What was the name of the pharaohs who built the Egyptian pyramids? Which pharaoh built the largest Egyptian pyramid?

In this article, we will consider the secrets of the Egyptian pyramids, which have long attracted many of their mystery and mystery.

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Today we will move to a secret and magical place, namely, to the Egyptian pyramids. Let's learn more about them.

Secrets of Egyptian pyramids

Ancient Egypt -The oldest centralized state, located in North-Eastern Africa. The population of Egypt totaled several million inhabitants. Their history is divided into several eras, starting from the dynastic period - the board of 30 dynasties, and ending with the Hellenistic period - the board of Alexander the Great.

Of great importance for the Egyptian people was the long Nile River. She provided them with fertile land, made it possible to develop agriculture, engage in viticulture. The river was a navigable residential state, which allows the development of foreign trade. The Nile Valley was surrounded by mountain ranges, which were a source of building materials for all structures. In particular, stone construction flourished.

All the power of Egypt was concentrated in the hands of the kings - the pharaohs. There are many monuments that confirm the greatness of their power. The Egyptians believed that after earthly life there was a afterlife. Egyptian pyramids, symbolizing the heavenly staircase, were built for rulers long before their death.

These majestic buildings were intended for Egyptian pharaohs as tombs. Inside each pyramid was a camera for the pharaoh and a system of numerous built moves. However, the funeral role of these majestic structures is very doubtful. After the death of the pharaoh, his body was mummified and buried in the "Valley of the Kings." In Egypt, the most famous pharaohs were:

Joser - During his reign, the construction of pyramids originates
Heoper - in his honor the most magnificent pyramid of the Cheops is built
Ekhenaton - Pharaoh proclaiming himself God, husband Nefertiti
Tutanhomon - The youngest ruler who carried out many religious reforms
Ramses II – the time of his reign is marked by many events of military-political significance

Egyptian pyramids are great monuments of ancient Egypt. These are stone structures built in the form of pyramids, each of which has its own feature of architecture. Outside, some pyramids have a step surface, others are lined with smooth slabs. All of them are different in height.

The most famous Egyptian pyramids differ significantly from those built in earlier time. An improved technology was used to build later structures, which means that over time, construction methods were improved. Later Egyptian pyramids have an ideal shape, like a constructed angle of inclination. The buildings are located in relation to the cardinal points and taking into account astronomical features.

Until now, each of these objects stores many unsolved secrets. Scientists have put forward many assumptions of the emergence and purpose of Egyptian pyramids.

Egyptian pyramids: interesting facts

When studying the construction of Egyptian pyramids, very interesting facts were recorded:

To raise a block weighing 60 tons, it is necessary to use at least 600 workers.
On the blocks of the Egyptian pyramids and parts of the temple, traces similar to prints of modern tools were found.
In one pyramid, several construction technologies were combined, which are very distinguished by quality.
All majestic tombs have been built for one century.
The main room of the Cheops pyramid, unlike all Egyptian pyramids, has not a central, but third -party accommodation.
Construction blocks are laid with such accuracy and density that it is not possible to place a blade between them.

A large number of drawings describing the construction process are presented on the walls of the Egyptian pyramids.
The first Egyptian structure - Joser's step pyramid is built in a special way of masonry stone. This gives a visual picture of several pyramids with a decreasing size set near each other.
All Egyptian pyramids are placed on the banks of the Nile River from the side of the sun.
Three majestic pyramids of the Giza are placed in accordance with the constellation, which, according to the descriptions of ancient Egyptian mythology, had a relationship with the God of Renaissance.
Gending white limestone shows reflected the sun's rays and gave the pyramids a radiance.
The Cheops pyramid is placed by the front side to the north, while the sum of its diagonals gives a number that coincides with the number of years necessary for one full turn of the North Pole of the Earth.
The Cheops pyramid in everything has mathematical accuracy, in particular, its perimeter divided into double height coincides with the number of “pi”.

More than Ancient Egypt. 100 pyramids. The construction of the pyramids was suspended in connection with the change of climate - a very strong drought. The construction era changed the period of wars and conflicts.

Where are the Egyptian pyramids?

If you look at the location of the Egyptian pyramids on the map, you can see that they are placed by a strip from north to south in a area of \u200b\u200bmore than 40 km long. The most famous monuments intended for the pharaohs of the IV dynasty are in the suburbs of modern Cairo - Giza. it The pyramid of the Cheops, Chefren and Mikerin. These three architectural monuments have survived much better than a large number of pyramids built much later.

The Pyramid of Cheops -according to historical data, it took more than 20 years to build this pyramid and more than 100 thousand Egyptians have been involved. The structure has 128 layers of stone. A feature of this building is the excellent accuracy and density of the collection of plates. A famous monument is located near the Cheops pyramid - a stone statue of a large sphinx in the form of a lion with the head of the pharaoh.

Hefren pyramid - Massive Egyptian pyramid with a height of more than 130 meters. It has two entrances and two chambers of the pharaohs. Its construction is based on large -sized blocks of different sizes. The cladding is made of white slabs around the pyramid and yellow at the very top of the tomb. When visiting the tomb by tourists, there were repeatedly situations in which medical care was necessary. The secret of this Egyptian pyramid is still not unraveled.

Mikerin pyramid - Egyptian the pyramid with the smallest dimensions of all majestic tombs. Its height is about 60 meters. The entrance to the tomb is located in the northern part. The sarcophagus from this tomb drown with the ship transporting the cargo. This happened when one of the military figures tried to transport the find to England. Tourists who attended this tomb also fell into fainting and felt a deterioration in well -being.

To the south of Giza, in Abusir, the Egyptian pyramids of the pharaohs of the V dynasty are located. They do not have such impressive sizes as great tombs.
The first Egyptian pyramid is located in Sakkara - joser's pyramid. This structure is of interest among archaeologists by the presence of a large number of internal mines and passages. Its construction was accompanied by a long drought, which chronologically coincides with the description in the Bible. During the reign of Pharaoh Joser, the Upper and Lower Egypt was united. Pyramids of the pharaohs of the III-VIII dynasties were also built in Sakkara.

The pyramids of the pharaohs of the XII dynasty are located in Dashur and Lahun. In Dashur, two pyramidal structures of impressive sizes built by the father of the Cheops were also preserved.

Near the ancient city of Havara, you can see the remnants of the pyramidal complex intended for the pharaoh Amenemhet III.

The most famous Egyptian pyramids are located in the suburbs of modern Cairo - Giza. When choosing a construction site, it was necessary to take into account a huge number of factors. First of all, funeral structures were required to be secured from external threats. The close arrangement of sources of building materials was important. The geological plot of the Earth was supposed to withstand a massive majestic building.

All Egyptian pyramids are located in the northern part of the country and only one - the pyramid of the XVIII dynasty is located in Abidos, in the south of Egypt.

Which pharaoh built the largest Egyptian pyramid?

Pharaoh Cheops - The representative of the IV dynasty of the ancient kingdom of Egypt. Under his rule, the Egyptians lived 23 years-2589-2566 BC. His real name Hufu is translated that Pharaoh is protected by God Hnum. In Egyptian mythology, Khnum was considered the god of fertility.

Heops built many structures, however, first of all, with his name, one of the seven wonders of the world is associated - the highest pyramid of ancient Egypt. In many ancient Egyptian drawings, Khufu is depicted as a symbol of the development of cities. Decoded hieroglyphs indicate the active military activity of the pharaoh.

From history, we know that Heops had several wives, a large number of children and possessed a tough disposition. Being in his power, the Egyptians were expelled. An interesting trace in history left his creation - a sunny rook. This is a river vessel with a length of several tens of meters. Its uniqueness was especially constructed - without a single nail.

The Pyramid of Cheops - The most massive and mysterious construction of the ancient world. Its construction spread out on an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 50 thousand square meters. The age of the pyramid is more than four thousand years, but despite this, it has been well preserved, and we have the opportunity to contemplate it at present. Its weight is at least 5 million tons. Granite blocks of which it consists have a weight of more than 60 tons.

In the Egyptian pyramid of the Cheops, three tombs are located. In addition to them, a huge number of corridors and mines are designed inside. A few empty rooms are designed over the pharaoh's camera. They play the role of an unloading space that reduces the pressure of a large number of stone blocks.

The edges of the pyramid were faced with white limestone slabs. After some time, the smallest remained of them-they were used as secondary material for the construction of other structures-palaces and mosques. The remaining plates lost their original appearance under the influence of natural conditions.

Archaeologists found the settlement of the Egyptians who were engaged in the construction of the Cheops pyramid. Facts indicated that the builders lived in abundance - had decent dwellings and good food. The conclusions made that the construction of the tombs were engaged voluntarily, which means that the version of the use of slaves is erroneous. Excavations showed that no more than 10 thousand people took part in the construction. This contradicts this from ancient Egyptian records - 100 thousand workers are mentioned there.

The pyramid was looted in 850 - a passage to the tsar’s chamber, which are currently used by tourists, was broken. In the heart of the Egyptian pyramid of the Cheops - the tomb of the king, perfectly jointed beams are located above the head, each of which weighing more than 60 tons. There are thousands of tons of stone above them. It causes great amazement, how such a huge load is withstanding.

To date, a large number of versions have been put forward about the method of building pyramids, each of which has significant drawbacks. The ancient Greek historian Herodotus in his works described the construction of Egyptian pyramids using lifts that were placed at various levels of the pyramids and were used in stages.

There is a hypothesis that the pyramids were built by unknown civilizations that lived before the beginning of the eras of ancient Egypt. Some scientists developed a version about the construction of the pyramid blocks using formwork. When using this technology, there was no need to raise huge stones to a hill. The entire construction process was in cementing and transportation of concrete components.

One of the French archaeologists put forward a revolutionary idea of \u200b\u200bconstruction. He believed that the pyramids were built from the inside out. The archaeologist put forward the theory of the use of the inner spiral ramp in the construction of the pyramid. This version attracted very close attention.