How many planets are in the solar system? Which planet of the earth group is the largest, gas planets-giants. How many planets are in the universe? Interesting facts about the planets of the solar system

A lot of interesting things can be learned not only about our planet, but also by other famous planets. And what exactly, we will consider in the article.

The brightest star of space space is the sun. Thanks to him, we get light, warmth and energy. At various distances from the Sun, many different objects are concentrated, some of which make up the solar system.

Planets of the COLNA system and their location

Many people are lost in conjecture - how many planets in the solar system 8 or 9. Thanks to the new research of English mathematics, the ninth planet Pluto was excluded from the solar system.

The reason for this decision was the discovery of several space objects with characteristics like the ninth planet. Thus, Pluto, along with the rest of the bodies, was counted to the dwarf planets.

For most planets, the Sun is the main source of heat and energy. Therefore, the climatic conditions of the object depend on the reflective abilities of the atmosphere of the planets.

If we consider planets by their location relative to the Sun, then they have the following sequence:

• Mercury.  This planet, located closest to the Sun. Thanks to the close neighborhood with the Sun, the planet is thermal and lighting, 7 times more than on Earth. This significantly complicates the scientific research of the object. Daytime temperature reaches 400 ° C above zero.
• The night temperature is accompanied by severe frost and reaches 200 ° C lower than zero. The main part of Mercury is an iron core, the thin bark of the planet has many damage and craters formed in a collision with various cosmic objects. The year in Mercury is 88 days.

• Venus. The planet, located after Mercury. A distinctive feature of this object is the direction of movement - it is counterclockwise. This planet is closest to the ground and approximately coincides with it in size. The shape of the orbit of Venus is as close as possible to the circle. It takes up to 250 days to the turnover around her own axis. The temperature on the surface reaches 450 ° C above zero.
• The high density of the atmosphere of the planet is accompanied by a greenhouse effect and has good reflective properties. The surface layer is covered with basalt lava and has a large number of volcanoes, mountain hills and craters. The fourth part of the mass of the planet falls on the iron core. The thickness of the bark reaches 15 km. The earth year on Venus lasts 225 days.

• Earth. The only planet on which life exists. The main part of the object is covered with the oceans. Most of the land is covered with forests and mountains. The atmospheric layer of the Earth has a high nitrogen and oxygen content. The calendar year of the planet is 365 days. The thickness of the earth's crust reaches several tens of km.
• In the center of the planet is an iron core. About 3-4 million years ago, as a result of the evolution of matter, the first life originated on the planet. The processes on this planet occur under the influence of magnetic and electric fields. The Earth is accompanied by its own satellite Luna, which was previously part of the Earth.

• Mars. This planet takes 4th place in relation to the sun. The soil of Mars has a high content of oxidized iron, which gives a red tint to the object. On the surface of the planet there are many giant volcanoes. The movement of Mars is accompanied by two satellites of Deimos and Phobos. The year on the planet lasts 780 days.
• A distinctive feature of the planet is Mount Olympus, the height of which is more than 26 km. The temperature on the surface is predominantly cold and reaches 155 ° C below zero. The surface layer is covered with a large amount of dust, so dust storms are often observed in the atmospheric space of the planet. From the next planet, Mars separates a ring of asteroids.

• Jupiter. Planet located 775 million km from the sun. Belongs to the group of gas giants. Hydrogen is the main component of the atmosphere of Jupiter. The thickness of the atmospheric layer reaches 50-60 thousand km. The internal structure of the planet has not been fully studied and causes many disputes among scientists.
• The movement of Jupiter is accompanied by 16 satellites. The planet does the orbital path for 12 years. The external distinctive feature of Jupiter is a large red spot resembling an endless storm or a hurricane. A strong magnetic field is concentrated around the planet.

• Saturn. The sixth planet in relation to the sun. The space object is surrounded by rings of stone and ice breeds. The width of the rings reaches 115 thousand km. Their internal parts rotate faster than external ones. The space between the rings is formed due to the force of attraction of a large number of moons that have a splitting effect. Saturn has 62 satellites. The earth year is 29 years. The core of the planet has a temperature of up to 12000 ° C. On the surface, the temperature reaches 180 ° C below zero. The main components of the planet are chemical elements of helium and hydrogen.

• Uranus. The most frosty planet. The temperature reaches 224 ° C below zero. It is assumed that the cause of this temperature is a very small rocky nucleus. The atmosphere of the planet consists of methane, hydrogen and water. The movement of uranium is accompanied by 27 satellites. There are 13 rings around the planet.
• They have very weak reflective properties, so for a long time no one knew about their existence. The location of the planet is unusual. Uranus seems to be on its side, its slope to orbit is more than 90 degrees. Due to this feature, when observing the planet, an illusion is created that it is rolling a ball, not rotates.

• Neptune. It takes eighth place and is the last planet of the solar system. A year on this planet takes about 60,000 thousand days. The most high -speed winds of the solar system move in the atmosphere of Neptune. Their speed reaches 2000 km/h. Their direction is opposite to the movement of the planet, so Neptune has weak visibility. The planet has 14 satellites. Its external sign is a bluish shade, justified by a large content of methane and ice. The orbit of Neptune in several places intersects with an orbit pluto.

Classification of planets in size: which planet of the earth's group is the largest and most difficult?

The planets of the solar system move around the Sun in their orbits. Each of them has its own name and characteristics.

Depending on the size and composition of the planet, they are divided into two groups:

• The first group includes small cosmic bodies, the surface of which mainly consists of stone. The objects of this group have a small mass and several satellites. Such planets have strong magnetic fields and are combined into the earth's group.
• The second group includes giant planets consisting of ice blocks and dense gas. Such objects are surrounded by a large number of satellites and rings. Planets related to this group are called gas giants.
• The group of gas giants includes Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. These planets have similar characteristics and have impressive sizes. The main component of these objects is gas, so their structure has a low density.
• Compared to the earth's group, gas giants are removed from the sun to a more significant distance. Due to the constant minus temperature, they are called cold planets.
• The planets of this group concentrated numerous lunar families around them. Part of the moon is attracted by gravity. Their movement coincides with the direction of the planets. On each of the planets, large -scale storms occur.
• The earthly group of the solar system is represented by four planets - Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
• These objects mainly consist of rocky rocks and various metals. The core of these planets consists of heavy iron.

The characteristics of the planets share them in size:

• Venus and Earth have great similarity by multiple signs. It is assumed that Venus has the same internal structure.
• A significant difference in these two objects is the lack of lithospheric plates in Venus, playing an important role in tectonic processes.
• In order to compare the planets, consider their main parameters.

Earth group:

• Earth: Diameter km - 12 765 mass, kg - 5.972e24, distance from the Sun, million km - 149.6
• Venus: diameter km - 12 103, mass, kg - 4,867e24, distance from the sun, million km - 108.2
• Mars:  diameter, km - 6786, mass, kg - 6.39e23, distance from the sun, million km - 227.9
• Mercury:  diameter, km - 4878 mass, kg - 3.30e23, distance from the sun, million km - 57.9

Gas giants:

• Jupiter: diameter, km - 143,000 mass, kg - 1.898e27, distance from the sun, million km - 778.3
• Saturn: Diameter, km - 120,000 mass, kg - 5.683e26, distance from the sun, million km - 1,427
• Uranus: Diameter, km - 51 118 mass, kg - 8.681e25, distance from the sun, million km - 2,896,6
• Neptune: Diameter, km - 49 528 mass, kg - 1.024e26, distance from the sun, million km - 4,496,6

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Thus, the location of the planets from the largest to the smallest looks as follows:

The planet has the largest size among representatives of the solar system Jupiter. In addition to the largest size, this planet is ahead of the rest in mass. If compared with the planet Earth, then Jupiter in size is 11 times larger and more massive 318 times. Inside the planet is filled with high density materials.

As it approaches the nucleus, temperature and pressure increase. In the scientific world, the existence of planets is expected, the dimensions of which exceed Jupiter by 15 times. Despite its size, Jupiter faster than the rest of the planets makes a turn around its axis.

• If the Earth makes a turnover per day, then Jupiter is enough for 12 hours.
• The planet Mercury has the smallest diameter. Due to the high density, this planet has high gravity. The surface of Mercury in its characteristics has much in common with the surface of the moon.
• Among the representatives of the earth group the largest planet Earth. Our planet has the greatest gravity and magnetic field. Only on Earth the temperature regime is divided into 4 seasons.
• There are two seasons on Mars, but longer. The planet has the most successful location in the solar system, which allows water to be in a liquid state. This is the basis of the life of living organisms.
• The only satellite of the planet Moon is 4 times less than the Earth. Thanks to the power of the Moon's Earth, the Earth occupies a stable position relative to the axis.

How many planets are in the universe?

• Our universe consists of a huge number of galaxies. Until now, the question has not lost its relevance - how many planets in the universe? Scientific and space study endlessly put forward new hypotheses. Our galaxy is inhabited by millions of stars.
• It is logical to assume that around them, as well as around the Sun, planets are concentrated. Billions of planets inhabit the Galaxy Milky Way.
• More than 500 million of them are inhabited, but not suitable for life. More than 700 planets located around various stars are scientifically confirmed. Planets located outside the solar system are called exoplanets.
• With the help of the spacecraft, more than 200 planets were found outside the solar system, which have characteristics similar to the ground. A detailed study of exoplanets will allow scientists to compare the conditions for the emergence of first life.

• Thanks to mathematical calculations, scientists have calculated that the Milky Way galaxy contains more than 400 billion stars and, respectively, more than 800 billion planets.
• Currently, new space telescopes are being developed, with the help of which it will become possible to detect planets rotating around dim stars.
• It is assumed that with the determination of the number and exact size of the new planets, research will be conducted on the subject of life at these objects.

Interesting facts about planets

• Planet Mercury I got its name in honor of the ancient Roman god of merchants and travelers.
• Planet Venus It is named after the ancient Greek goddess, the patroness of love and fertility. In the atmosphere of this object, a thunderstorm is often observed.
• The period of rotation of the moon around the Earth is equal to the calendar month. The size of the moon is 4 times smaller than the Earth.
• From the space on the surface of the Earth, constant frequent flashes are observed, due to a large number of thunderstorms.
• Satellites of Mars Fobos and Deimos in translation from the ancient Greek language denote fear and horror.
• Planet Jupiter It is a source of x -ray radiation.
• A thunderstorm that lasted several months is captured by the interplanetary apparatus on Saturn.
• The only planet that is not called the ancient deity is the Earth.
• Planet Mercury The slowest. One day of the planet is equated with our 6 months.
• It is assumed that on Mars in the past there was life.
• There is no solid surface on gas giants, it is impossible to land on them.

• In the summer, the sun shines in uranium for 20 years, in winter, darkness has been preserved for 20 years.
• Neptune The only planet that scientists have discovered using mathematical calculations. The rest of the planets are identified as a result of observation.
• The planet Venus They call the morning and evening star, since after sunset the first thing we observe in the sky is the radiance of Venus.
• The surface temperature of the sun is lower than the temperature around the sun. A possible cause is the magnetic forces of stars.

We have the opportunity to contemplate amazing astronomical phenomena - the parade of planets. Some of the planets are built on one side of the sun in one sector. This phenomenon has an impact on human physiology.

Video: 10 amazing facts about planet Earth