Malina planting in spring seedlings, pruning, top dressing and processing from pests and diseases: step -by -step description. When is it better to plant, transplant, cut raspberries: spring or autumn?

Malina's care in the spring/

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In avid gardeners and summer residents, the site does not do without raspberry bushes. But so that the berries are large and sweet, and the bush is healthy, certain rules should be followed in landing, transplanting and pruning raspberries. In this article you will learn many interesting details.

When is it better to plant and transplant raspberries: spring or autumn?

Experienced gardeners believe that raspberries can be transplanted in any period, with the exception of winter. Others advise transplanting only in the fall.

But still, the main part of the summer residents converges that the transplant should be made in the spring, because raspberries have already experienced autumn temperature changes and winter frosts and strongly stronger. If you transplant raspberries in the fall, but weakened or too young bushes can die from severe frosts.

The correct spring transplant guarantees you delicious and sweet fruits in the summer. And you will learn about how to properly transplant the bushes.

How to plant and transplant raspberries in the spring of seedlings: step -by -step instructions

So, let's start with the planting of raspberry bushes:

Choose a sunny calm place with slightly acidic or neutral soil.
You can not plant raspberries in the ground, where tomatoes, potatoes or strawberries grew last year.
Cook the holes in advance - during spring landing - in the fall, with autumn - in a month.
You can plant bushes or in holesThen about 10 stems should be left in the bush. Also, raspberries can be transplanted into trenches - The strip method.

Landing raspberries in holes.

When landing in the holes, it is necessary to make them a size of 40x50 cm.
Pour the mixture for planting into each hole, the roots, having previously moistened in the mullein, lower it into the hole.
Between the holes, determine the distance of 1 m, between the rows - 2 m.
The root neck during shrinkage should be at the ground level.

Raspberry planting with tape method.

Make a trench 45x50 cm.
Between the trenches distance within 1 m,
Bushes must be planted at a distance of 40 cm from each other.
In the trench, pour a mixture of manure, upper soil layer and mineral fertilizers, a great means is a double superphosphate.
After planting, pour the seedlings abundantly, but only if it did not rain before that. Excess moisture can harm plants.
Create mulch from humus or peat.
The height of the seedling should be no more than 30 cm, all the excess must be cut.

Raspberry transplant is similar to planting bushes, but has its own nuances:

At the same place, raspberries can grow up to 10 years. Over time, the soil loses minerals, and the bush will not become so fertile. This is an indicator that it is time to transplant raspberries to a new place.
The transplant should only be to the places of sunny, without drafts.
The soil in the place of transplantation should not be with close groundwater. Since constant moisturizing the bush will lead to decay of the roots.
In prepared soil (how and when to prepare it is indicated above) Plant the bushes.
For transplantation, it is better to use trenches, not holes.
The distance between the bushes should be at least 0.5 mSo that the stronger bushes do not create a shadow to each other.
Trench depth - 40 cm, diameter 60 cm.
After preparing the place of transplantation, dig up raspberries From the old place. Act carefully so as not to damage the roots.
After digging up, inspect the roots And remove damaged or sore parts.
Gently put the seedling in the pit And sprinkle with earth.
Seal the soil And pour the plant.
So that the soil does not dry out quickly, and the roots clashed well with the ground, lay dry grass or sawdust around the bushes.
If you were not able to find a place without a draft, then you should protect raspberries from gusts of wind - put the pegs, and tie the bushes to them with a soft cloth.

After transplanting for several days, pour a bucket of water under the bush daily. Mulching.

In the future, constantly clean the bushes from weeds and treat pests with drugs.

Thus, you will receive strong bushes and delicious fruits.

When to cut raspberries: spring or autumn

In order for raspberry bushes to bring juicy fruits, certain pruning rules should be remembered:

It is advisable to cut raspberries both in autumn and in the spring.
But if you do not plan spring pruning, then leave 10 shoots in the bush or 10 shoots per linear meter in a trench.
In the case when spring pruning is still planned, then in the fall leave all the strong and developed shoots.
And in the spring, inspect them, and if some part froze or broke, then such branches must be removed.

How to cut raspberries in the spring: step -by -step instructions

Malina pruning in the spring is an addition to autumn pruning. This procedure has certain rules:

As soon as the snow comes down, remove the shoots that the frost or illness struck.
Pruning of broken or damaged branches should be carried out near the earth itself, so that an infection or pests does not fall into the fresh cut shoots.
The frozen shoots should be cut to healthy kidneys.
The height of the shoots should be no more than 1.5 m.
Consider the distance between the bushes, based on the fact that if you tie raspberries, then there should be a distance of 10 cm between the shoots.

Do not leave too many shoots, since over time they will shade each other, which will affect the quantity and size of the fruit.
Experienced gardeners are advised to cut raspberries for different lengths - from 10 cm to ¾ shoot. Thus, the ripening of the fruit will not be simultaneous, but gradual and stretch until August. After all, first, the fruits will ripen on poorly circumcised shoots, and only then on those that were circumcised the most.
Cutting of shoots will affect the amount of productivity, but for the better will be displayed on the size of the berries. In addition, in this way you can enjoy delicious berries longer.

How to propagate raspberries in the spring?

In order for several dozen raspberry bushes to grow in the garden, it is enough to buy only one seedling.

Raspberry easily and quickly multiplies in several ways:

Method number 1 - propagation, using lignified offspring that are formed on the root of the kidneys (see the picture below).

Choose healthy bushes and dug off the offspring in the middle of autumn.
Focus on sprouts that are 30 cm from the uterine bush.

Look carefully at the offspring - there should not be traces of diseases or the presence of pests.
In order for the propagation process to be successfully offspring should be strong and healthy.
The leaves from the offspring should be torn.

Method number 2 -propagation with the help of green horse offspring. This method is suitable for spring propagation.

Offspring should be about 20 cm high.
Return from center of the bush for 40 cm And dig the offspring.
Plant them on a separate bed and cultivate until autumn, then the offspring can already be planted.

Method number 3 - propagation using root cuttings. If the bush is sick, then this method is optimal for the preservation and reproduction of the plant.

In the spring, dig the ground 40 cm from the bush and dig a subordinate root.
The roots in which a diameter of more than 2 mm must be cut, preserving 2 kidneys and a length of 10 cm.
Dig the grooves 10 cm deep in a new place and lay the cuttings in them one after another.
Pour water and water and loosen the soil throughout the summer.

Method No. 4 - Propagation with the help of green cuttings.

During the thinning of raspberries, select the offspring of shoots that were cut.
Tie the shoots and place 0.1%for a day in a heteroauxin solution.
After carrying out this procedure, plant the cuttings in the greenhouse.
After a month, plant the stronger shoots in open ground.

Method number 5 - propagation by separation of the bush. This method is especially good if you have a valuable and expensive raspberry variety on your site.

From one strong bush you can get 5 good seedlings.

You just need to divide the bush, leaving a pair of strong shoots and well -developed roots for each seedling.
Put the bushes, carefully water and take care of the seedlings.

You can propagate raspberries using any method. You can decide based on the state of the bush, season, as well as your desire.

Spring raspberry processing from pests and diseases in early spring

Raspberries are very often attacked by diseases and pests. Let's look in detail how to save the plant from a variety of destructive attacks:

The plant turns yellow:

This is the most common problem that causes many concerns among caring gardeners. But if you find the yellowness of the leaves in the fall, then these are seasonal changes that should not cause anxiety.
If you find yellowness in the spring, then the cause may be root cancer or abnormalness. In this case, not only the leaves turn yellow, but the growths form on the roots, and the berries are already becoming so sweet.
When landing and transplanting thoroughly inspect the roots for the presence of growths And, if you find it, then urgently remove the affected places. The cut place must be treated with copper sulfate.

Also, such a symptom can be with damage to mosaics - A viral disease that is very difficult to cure. The only way is to spray bushes against aphids, but this is not a full -fledged panacea. The bushes should be carefully examined and the affected areas should be removed.
If the bushes are very close to each other, then this can also cause yellowing of the leaves. This is due to poor ventilation and insufficient light. Therefore, it is necessary to steal the bushes, and fertilize the plants with manure.
If raspberries grow in wet soil with high acidity, then this can also provoke the appearance of yellowness on the leaves. In order to eliminate the cause of yellowness add gypsum - 120g*m² to the soil and reduce watering.

Kurcinity of leaves:

Sour berries and wrinkled leaves are a sign of a viral disease.

There is no treatment for curly, so if you saw such symptoms, you must immediately remove the affected bushes from the site.

Mycoplasma disease:

The formation of inexpensive shoots - the number of small shoots (up to 50 cm) can reach 200 pieces.

It is necessary to urgently destroy this plant, otherwise the disease can very quickly move to other bushes.

You can bring the pathogen with landing material to the site, so be careful when buying a plant.

The bushes dry:

Scarring watering
Lack of nitrogen
Lack of sufficient lighting due to thick landing

If you eliminate these reasons, but raspberries will stop drying. But there are also diseases that lead to the fact that raspberries dry. You will learn about this later.

Rust:

Raspberries can dry because of the fungus, one of which is rust. This is expressed in brown ulcers on the leaves.
It is impossible to cure rust, so the bushes will have to dig and destroy.

Preventive measures of the appearance of rust is the processing of bushes in the spring and autumn of Bordeaux liquid.

Also, raspberries can affect such diseases:

Powder - White plaque on the leaves that causes their drying.

You can cure the plant using any remedy for fungus, but you need to do this only after collecting berries.

Anthracnosis - Gray spots around which a purple rim is formed. If you do not care for the bush, then over time the spots grow and cover the entire sheet. Because of this, the leaves are twisted, the bark exfoliates from the stem. Berries in this case do not ripen.

Means of combating powdery mildew and anthracnosis - preparations for fungus - iron sulfate, nitrate.

Anthracnosis of raspberries

Among the main pests can be distinguished:

Aphid - It lives on the shoots or below of the leaves.

Carbofos or Aktellik means, which should be used when the kidney kidneys are released according to the instructions when buying.

Spider tick - settles from the bottom of the leaves and feeds on their juice. During the habitat, he gradually envelops the raspberry web.
Most often appear in hot weather without rains.

The treatment will be spraying the plant with carbophos, phosphamide, colloid gray, cydial, metaphos according to the instructions on the packaging of the drug.

Gallitsa - This pest lays eggs in the damaged bark and in this case bloating - Gauls form on the shoots.

Such shoots must be removed, and the land, where they grew up and treated with carbophos.

Raspberry beetleWhich in the winter is in the soil near raspberries, and in the spring passes to buds. If you do not prevent the appearance of the beetle on the buds, then it will drive flowering, thereby preventing the appearance of fruits.

Treatment - spraying with carbophos, actellik or drugs with a similar action, according to enhancation on the package of the drug.

Weevilwho, like the previous pest, feeds on flowering.
Treatment of plants from weevils is identical to the previous.

Personnel mol - This pest gnaws the kidneys, and settled in the pulp of the shoot. This happens in early spring, and in May, having settled down, they are already engaged in laying eggs in raspberries.
The young pests that appeared eat up the future crop of raspberries.

In order to prevent the appearance of moths, it is necessary to cut the shoots in the fall under the root, and spray the plant with a condiphore or carbophos in the spring.

Stem flywhich gnaws the inside of the stem and leads to drying and blackening of the shoots.
The shoots should be carefully examined from the beginning of spring and during the summer.

If the soup is detected, immediately remove damaged shoots and spray the bushes with carbophos.

Preventive measures for raspberry processing in the spring are:

Trimming frostbite and damaged shoots in early spring
Removing last year's leaves near the plant
Spraying with a nitraphene or burgundy liquid from diseases twice: before blooming kidneys and summer when detecting the disease.

How to fertilize raspberries in early spring?

In order for raspberries to give a decent harvest to care for the plant and properly fertilize the bushes.

Focus on the appearance of the plant to understand which type of fertilizer is better, look at the appearance of raspberries:

The lack of phosphorus - the shoots are weak, the leaves are small
Lack of iron - yellow with green veins leaves
Lack of magnesium - yellowness on the leaves that spreads from the middle of the sheet
Nitrogen lack - small yellow leaves that do not grow
The lack of potassium is brown edges on the leaves, but these symptoms can indicate an excess of nitrogen.

Break the soil with the missing elements to eliminate painful symptoms. To prevent and improve productivity, use superphosphate, as well as dry ash.

Excellent fertilizer is a mixture of superphosphate (60 g), potassium salt (40 g) and ammonium nitrate (30 g). Pour all the components into a bucket of water and water 1 again in the spring and summer.

Raspberry Care in the spring: Councils of experienced gardeners

To enjoy the sweet harvest and healthy bushes need to listen to the advice of gardeners:

It is advisable to cut raspberries in the fall, if you did not have time to do this, then in the spring you need to trim immediately after the snow
Remove the bushes closely and regularly. This is especially true for pairing leaves, they need to be thoroughly scooped up so as not to leave the ground for the propagation of pests.
Weeding from weeds is also a necessary measure, because they along with raspberries feed on useful substances from the soil and contribute to the weakening of young shoots.
Carry out the weeding very carefully, after all, the roots and shoots of the plant in the spring are immediately near the earthen edge.

Tit raspberry bushesTo contribute to better pollination and fruiting.
Do not forget about regular watering, especially in the dry period. For better growth, add nutrients to water.
Be sure to use minerals And another top dressing to improve the condition of the plant, as well as carry out preventive measures in the fight against pests.

Such a set of events will help you get a decent harvest of sweet and large berries.