What are plants, flowers, trees and shrubs in early spring before the leaves bloom: name, list, photo. Floating plants in the spring before the leaves bloom: what is their pollination?

Wind -pollinated plants: description, name.

Content

From this article you will learn which trees, shrubs, herbs bloom until thick foliage appears in the spring and how these representatives of the flora are propagated.

Why do some plants bloom in the spring before the leaves bloom?

For some species of plants, it is important that the flowers are not covered with foliage. Thus, insects easily find inflorescences, and if it is a wind -pollinated plant, then there are no obstacles to the pollination process.

Pollen of wind -pollinated plants has some features:

in each inflorescence, a large amount of pollen
the surface of the pollen grains is smooth, there is no sculpture characteristic of the seeds of plants
pollen grains are light, their dust structure
pollen has no smell
inflorescences are most often underdeveloped
in the inflorescences, there may be no petals (there is no need to attract pollinators, pollination is successful and without petals)
stamens and pestles have significant differences in size

The development of in a large number of easily fluent pollen grains - the evolutionary adaptation of representatives of the flora to pollination by the wind. These plants do not need foliage in the spring, since it prevents the pollination process.

Wind -pollinated plants: alder

The insect-inflammatory representatives of the foliage flora are not hindrance: the bugs-wagons themselves find inflorescences, the following features are characteristic of the pollen grains:

Polts grains of insect -pollinated plants are more severe
The surface of pollen grains has an adhesive structure
Polts grains are characterized by a characteristic sculpture
Due to the curves, curved forms, pollen grains cling easier to the flower of another plant
A large amount of pollen is necessary for wind-pollinated plants so that at least some of the pollen grains diffused over the wind reaches the goal-it falls on the pestle of the inflorescence of another tree.

Why do birch, aspen bloom until the leaves bloom?

One of the many years of observation confirms the following: the appearance of birch colors, aspen and a number of other trees occurs long before the foliage appears.
These trees are included in the ecological group of anemophilic plants. This term in botany is used to refer to wind -buttoned forms of plants.

Flowers of wind -pollinated plants:

"Unsightly"
the flowers are small, collected in the inflorescences of "earrings" or "spikelet"
there is no strongly attractive smell

The deciduous shapes of trees with small, nondescript colors increase their population only through the production of a large number of pollen grains and their delivery to the flowers of another tree with a natural atmospheric phenomenon - wind.

Blunning leaves for fine dry pollen is a natural barrier that does not allow pollen grains unhindered. In nature, everything is provided for: the first thing is flowers are revealed, pollen grains are spilled out and only after that the tree is covered with thick foliage.
The reason for the flowering of birch, hazel, aspen until the moment when the foliage is completely blossomed, in the fact that these plants belong to wind -pollinated shapes. The correct botanical name for wind -pollinated trees is anemophilic plants. For pollen grains of these trees, the leaves during the pollination process are a serious barrier.
Awakening after the winter "hibernation" in wind -pollinated plants occurs very early. The birch is a vivid example: the sap flow of this representative of the flora begins even before the snow completely melts.

All wind -pollinated forms of plants bloom in early spring. Indeed, during this period there is no foliage, and in the presence of insects these representatives of the flora do not need.

Features of birch colors:

in male colors, pollen is produced. To highlight them against the background of female flowers is simple - these are elongated earrings. Polts grains are carried by the wind, and some of them falls on female flowers.
Having fulfilled their main function - pollination, male inflorescences crumble over time. Only small earrings remain - female fertilized inflorescences.
Thanks to this method of fertilization by the fall, the next “party” of pollen will grow, which will be sowed everywhere and roam on other flowers using wind streams.

Important: in some wind -pollinated plants, pollen grains have small hooks. Such a device helps the pollen cling to other flowers and stay on their surface, without falling down.

What are plants, flowers, trees and shrubs in early spring before the leaves bloom: name, list, photo

Blooms before the leaves bloom:

alder (alnus)
hazel (Corylus)
elm (ulmus)
iVO (SALIX)

Willow: flowering

Peculiarities:

The flowers of the above plants are not single, but are inflorescences. In appearance, such flowers are not very attractive and nondescript, however, they are clearly visible. After prolonged cold weather, delicate inflorescences encourage us to admire them with enthusiasm.
The inflorescences of alder and hazel, for example, are unpretentious alder and hazeling earrings of yellow. Behind the movement of a yellow finger cloud, picked up by a stream of spring wind, it is easy to observe, because this happens, usually, against the background of not melted snow. Long earrings of red bloom on the tops in the spring. These are men's flowers.

What plants bloom in the first decade of April:

iva Kozya (Salix Sargea) (willow inflorescences are male spherical flowers)
poplar and aspen from the family of willow
hazel
family of beech (oak, edible chestnut, beech)
hornbeam
all nuts (among them are walnut, gray and black nut, karia)
smooth elm (Ulmus laevis) (inflorescences have a lilac shade)
little girl (Larix) (this plants are beautiful both female and men's flowers)
military Wolf's Wallpaper Service (Daphne Mezereum) or Wolf Lyko
male Deren (Comus Mas), or Kizil

Topol: Flowering

What plants bloom in the second decade of April:

Rhododendrons (RHODODENDRON) (luxurious, pink or pale pink flowers, purple specks are visible on the petals of the sloppenbach on the petals.
Magnolia also bloom until the leaves bloom. Promising varieties of metro station LaBner (M. XLOEBNERI), Merrille. The flowers are white, consist of 9-12 petals.
Ovoid forage (Forsythia Ovata) blooms bright yellow colors.
Apricot Manchu (Armeniaca Mandschurica) and Siberian apricot (Armeniaca Sibirica).
Plums (prunus spinosa plums), or thorn), Chinese drain (rrunus salicina). Both species are distinguished by abundant flowering. Flowers are white terry.
Henomeles are plentifully flowering. Inflorescences consist of 2-6 pcs. Red flowers.

Wind -dried herbs:

cereal crops
plantain
sedge
nettle
hop
hemp

Floating plants in the spring before the leaves bloom: what is their pollination?

Pollination by the wind is not entirely controlled: pollen grains can fall on the stigmas of their own flower, sink to the ground without reaching the goal.

Since not very strong plants may appear as a result of self -pollination, various devices are provided in nature, due to which the process of self -sleeping does not occur.

Here is some of them:

The upper parts of the plants that are directly involved in the pollination process ripen at different times.
In some species of wind -pollinated plants, the flowers are separate.
Self -pollination is also prevented by the flowering period, which occurs before the leaves of the leaves. For the pollen grains moving to their goal, thick foliage is a serious obstacle.
Among other devices are a high growth rate of stamens (for example, in cereals during the opening of the flower, the stamens growth rate reaches 1-1.5 mm/min).
The length of the stamens very soon begins to exceed the initial length of 3, and even 4 times. Stamens during pollination are outside the flower, hanging down. Only being below the flower level, the pollen grains begin to crack.
The boiler acquires a slightly curved shape, as a result of which pollen shows not just to the ground, but inside a kind of bowl. Here, dust flows “wait” with wind flows that pick them up and spread from anthers to other flowers.
The pedunks of cereal plants, which belong to the wind -pounded, are spread out before opening the anthers. Thus, the angle between them is formed up to 80 degrees. Polts grains at that angle are blown out by wind streams. After flowering, the pedunks take the usual position.

Plants such as grab, poplar and birch change the location of the inflorescence at the time of opening the anthers: at first, the inflorescences are “looking” up, but then they hang, and the rod and earrings stretch a little. In inflorescence, flowers are located at some distance from each other, which allows the wind to reach these parts of the plants without hindrance. Pollen is on scales of flowers located below. Here they are blown away by wind streams.
It is worth mentioning the "explosive" flowers of anemophilic plants. A feature of nettle stamens is that they are strongly strained during ripening. After that, there is a process of getting rid of the grains of bursting anthers. Thick pollen, soaring over the flowers, can be observed during the pollination period of such plants.
Another device - pollen grains scatter only under favorable weather conditions: dry weather, weak or medium wind in the morning.