How to make quotes correctly: rule, examples

Basic quoting rules and quotes in the text.

Content

For a long time, quotes have been used by people in oral and written speech and serve as a means to confirm or for a wider disclosure of the author’s thoughts. In addition to journalistic works and scientific works, a lot of quotes can be found today in all social networks on the pages of users.

However, when it comes to inserting quotes in the text, many people are faced with punctuation difficulties. In our article you will find a detailed guide on how to correctly draw up quotes and insert them into the text, as well as a list of punctuation marks used in the citation process.

How to make quotes correctly: basic design rules and examples

To correctly draw up quotes, you must remember several basic rules:

Quotes are called literally reproduced phrases or proposals of another author, related in meaning to the content of the text into which they are inserted.
According to the rules of the Russian language, quotes are allocated by quotation marks. However, in the design of abstracts and other electronic documents, other selection methods can be used.
One quote may contain only one passage of the work. If the author plans to quote two or more excerpts, then they should be issued as separate quotes.
In addition, when using quotes, it is necessary to indicate their authors and/or sources.

Example: “People who perceive all trifles are close to heart are most able to sincerely love” (Leo Tolstoy).

Image 2. Determination of quote and the main methods of its design. — Image 1. Definition of quote and the main methods of its design.

In those cases when the statement of a person you quote or the phrase from the source in the original does not begin from the beginning of the sentence, then before the first word in the quote, an elections are necessarily used. Also, a multi -flower is replaced by all missing words or excerpts from the original.

Example: Pushkin wrote to his brother Leo: "... We arrived in Kafa, stopped at Bronovsky, a person respectable in immaculate service and in poverty."

How to make quotes correctly: discharge inside quotes

In order to correctly draw up quotes, all the discharge contained in them, according to the rules, must be preserved in their original form. The exceptions are those cases when the author’s discharge does not correspond to the style of a quoting publication. Then they are replaced by discharge of a different type.
In cases where your own discharge or notes were added to the quotes, then they must be indicated. To do this, inside quotes in brackets, you should write your initials and phrase " it cruised mine" or " stayd with me". Behind the quotes, the author is already indicated in brackets.

Example: “Changes are always scary. But no one will change your life for you. You understand what choice should be made, but, despite fear, you move forward. This is the main rule of success (highlighted by me. - P.L.) ”(Paulo Coelho).

Image 3. An example of a quote with a detailed indication of the author and source, up to the page number. — Image 2. An example of a quote with a detailed indication of the author and source, up to the page number.

How to make quotes correctly: punctuation rules

The setting of punctuation marks when quoting is held in grade 8 of high school. But since the topic of punctuation is satisfied with volumetric, over time, people can resign some rules. To correctly draw up quotes, we will consider the main options for setting punctuation marks in front of them and after them:

In cases where there is an explanation of the quoting that there is a quote further before the quote, a colon is put before opening quotes.

Example: Friedrich Nietzsche once said: “That which does not kill us makes us stronger.”

In those cases when there is a quoting phrase inside or after or after it, which enters the quote into the text, then a point should be placed before opening quotes.

Example: Charles Dickens correctly spoke about this. "A person cannot truly improve if he does not help to improve others."- he emphasized.

In cases where the quote is part of the subordinate clause or is used as an addition, then the punctuation marks are not placed before the quotes opening.

Example: Voltaire once said that "A person must dream of seeing the meaning of life".

Image 4. A visual table of punctuation design of quotes. — Image 3. A visual table of punctuation design of quotes.

In those cases when, after a cited passage from any work, there is an exclamation or questioning signs, as well as a multi-year, then they should be placed inside a quote. After quotation marks, you do not need to put a point.

Example: Fedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky wrote the following lines: "Description of the flower with love for nature much more contains a civilian feeling than the denunciation of bribe takers ..."

In cases where, after the phrase cited inside the quotation margin, there is no punctuation mark, then a point is placed after the quotation quotes or after indicating the quoted source.

Example: Leonardo da Vinci said: "The one who is directed to the stars does not turn."

In cases where the quoted phrase is part of the subordinate sentence, then after the closing quotes it is necessary to put an end to even when at the end of the phrase inside the quotes there are interrogative or exclamation signs, as well as an ethicle.

Example: Arthur Schopenhauer was convinced that “Every person can be listened to, but not everyone should talk with everyone ...”.

How to make quotes correctly: title and lowercase letters at the beginning of quotes

Image 5. Spelling of lowercase letters in quotes. — Image 4. Spelling of lowercase letters in quotes.

In order to correctly draw up quotes, you need to know in what occasion they begin with the title letter, and in which with a lowercase. It all depends on whether the quote begins with the beginning of the sentence or from its middle. If from the beginning, then the first letter in the quote will be title. If the beginning of the proposal is missed, then after the quotes opening the quotes, an ellipsis is placed and the first word in the quote will begin with a lowercase (small) letter.

Example: Omar Hayam wrote the following lines: “... Don’t spit in a well, you will drink water, do not insult the one who is lower than the rank, and suddenly you have to ask for something. Do not betray your friends, you won’t replace them, and don’t lose your loved ones, you don’t return it, do not lie to yourself, you will check your time that you betray yourself. ”

However, if the quote is the beginning of a new sentence, it will begin with the title letter even in cases where you quote the proposal from the original from its middle.

Example: “... We are aware of all the good only with delay. We live in longing for the past and in fear of the future. Anywhere, but not in the present "- notes Erich Maria Remark.