Garden blue blue - landing in autumn and spring: care, top dressing, pruning, fighting diseases, the best varieties for the middle strip. How to propagate a garden blueberry, transplant, cover for the winter? How to acidify the soil for the blueberries of garden?

The article will tell you in detail about the varieties of blueberries, the rules for its cultivation and caring for the plant.

Content

The best varieties of blueberries for the middle strip

Blueberries are a plant not only beautiful due to bright blue berries, but also useful, since its fruits and leaves are often used in folk medicine and are eaten. Having planted blueberries in your summer cottage, you can get an unusual hedge and productive shrubs that give the berry to the warm season.

Interesting: blueberries - a wild, taiga shrub. Its cultivation occurred not so long ago, only 90-100 years ago. There are many varieties of blueberries and only 10 of them are quite common.

Varieties of blueberries:

Blugold -the most popular variety, which is characterized by fairly large berries of a light blue shade. The pulp of this blueberry is dense, but very fragrant. It is also worth noting the lack of this species - sprawling. Blugold bushes require constant pruning to look beautiful and neat.

Blueberry of the Blugold variety is considered “early” and the berry ripens at the beginning of the summer period. One “adult” bush can give approximately 4 kg of berries in one season. This blueberry tolerates frosts well, but does not like the heat, and therefore, if you do not collect on time, the berries will quickly fade, and then completely crumble.

Blacrop -another popular variety that is not rarely called the "American" blueberry. The berries of this variety are very large and have a rich dark blue color, the pulp at Blacropon is elastic. You can find out the variety precisely by what the berry looks like - it is slightly flattened.

A feature of Blacrop is that shrubs are completely indifferent to any weather: frost, snow, heat, rains. In addition, this type of blueberries is not “afraid” of parasites and therefore always takes root well in the ground. Bluebr berries do not crack if overexposure comes. They can be stored for a long time and not spoil, both during transportation and freezing.

Blue Ray -the most “rich” variety of blueberries, which pleases in the spring with magnificent pink flowering, and in the summer a plentiful harvest. In addition, in the fall, the shrub is covered with fiery paint of foliage. But, this is far from all the advantages of “bluers”. The berries of this variety have a rich blue color, which literally strengthen the entire shrub completely.

If you have chosen “bluers” for your site, you should also know that excessive fruiting of this shrub plays with the “angry joke” plant and the blueberries are often exhausted in the crop season. This variety tolerates this variety very well and easily withstands even severe frosts. Bluey berries are well stored and do not crack if they are overpowered.

Bonus -this variety has the largest berries. This variety of shrubs can be safely attributed to the category of tall and it is often found in summer cottages. The harvest of berries pleases with juiciness, aroma, saturated with a sweet taste. From the berry you can cook many blanks and freeze it fresh. The variety is good because it easily tolerates a harsh winter and pleases with a good harvest in the season.

Herbert -this variety of blueberries is popularly considered “the best” for country and garden plots. This variety has one obvious difference - the height of the shrub, which can reach more than 2 meters.

Along with this, it should be noted that the fruits of the Herbert blueberries are not the largest, but they have a pleasant taste, elasticity and density, which does not allow them to crack after overp Glocation. "Herbert" is good for breeding it well and it easily tolerates harsh winters. The bush of blueberries is large and therefore can give a lot of crop in the season - up to 9 kg.

Jersey -the most “adult” variety of blueberries, which has experienced far from one country or garden plot. Its popularity is that the plant is not at all demanding on the weather and its conditions. Even in the unfavorable year, Jersey is fruitful and pleases with a plentiful harvest.

Another feature of this blueberry - it easily takes root on any soil. Jersey is indifferent to severe winters and frosts, the shrub has good resistance to viruses and pests. But, at the same time, the blueberries are not large, they have a light blue color and a neat round shape, as well as a soft sweet taste.

Duke -the variety of this blueberry is common in the West. The shrub is good for the tolerance of adverse weather and severe frosts, both in winter and in the spring. The advantage of the variety is always a stable and large harvest in mid -summer. The berries are quite elastic and heavy, but very fragrant and sweet. During the ripening period, it is important to completely harvest, so that the branches do not break under the weight of berries at the berry.

Northland -if someone speaks English, then the translation of the name of the variety can already tell him about a lot (“Northland”-“Northern Country”). This type of blueberries grow where frost in the winter can reach up to-40-45 degrees. The plant is very enduring and in the season pleases with a plentiful harvest - up to 8 kg of delicious and juicy berries from one shrub. Along with this, the berries are not large, but it feels very sweet. Another advantage of the variety is its resistance to various pests. It is worth noting that Northland has a fairly strong root system, but the bush itself is not high.

Patriot -a feature of the variety is its ability to take root on the basis of any type, the main thing is that there is enough moisture in the ground. The shrub is very resistant to various pests. “Patriot” pleases with the beautiful ripening of berries, which in a season from green are poured with paints and acquire first a red tint, then purple and only then blue with a blue tint. The berries of the Patriot are sweet, the yield of the bush comes in mid -July.

Elizabeth -feel freely called "the most delicious blue." The shrub has very large berries, they are elastic and filled with juicy, as well as sweet pulp. The maturation of the berries lasts several weeks per season, that is, not all berries at once ripen for shrubs, but gradually within 2-3 weeks. The main advantage of "Elizabeth" is the shrub is easy to multiply, the main drawback of the variety is intolerance to sandy soil. The soil for this variety should have enough peat.

Nameless — The difference between blueberries, depending on the variety

Brief description of the varieties of blueberries with a visual image

What is the earth, what peat is needed for planting blueberries?

Speaking for sure, then blueberries are not a “purebred” plant, blueberries are a bush of blueberries, but its family is “lingonberry”. There are two main types of blueberries that you can find in nature:

Swamp Russian blueberries(grows in the forest zone, in soil with peat and “sour reaction”). Such a blueberry is almost impossible to cultivate, it is considered “wild” and can be found mainly in coniferous-deciduous forests.
Tall American blueberries (as the name is clear, it is much higher than the swamp blueberries). It is not so resistant to low temperature differences, but, nevertheless, it is easy to propagate in summer cottages and it always pleases with a plentiful harvest.

Important: it does not matter what kind of variety and subspecies you choose for your site, the main thing is to properly prepare the soil for the shrub. This will allow you to get a good harvest in the season and avoid problems with the root system of the plant.

How to choose the right site and soil for blueberries:

First of all, you should know that there should be a lot of sun on the selected area that should fall on the shrub throughout the day. The lack of sun will affect the amount of blueberries.
Another important condition is to protect the site with blue from cold winds and drafts. So, you can achieve good warming up of the soil and a smaller evaporation of moisture. In addition, such protection will be a good prevention from the appearance of white plaque on berries.
When choosing a variety of blueberries, give preference to the fact that they ripen first of all and tolerate frosts well. They take root easier and tolerate any weather conditions well.
An important requirement is a drained area, that is, surface water should not be delayed on it. If the soil moisture is overstated, you risk “losing” the shrub, because it will simply die.
Do not forget about the moisture of the soil, because the blueberries also do not tolerate drought. For the same reason, do not plant the plant next to fruit trees.
Blueberries are demanding on soil acidity, the level of which should be pH \u003d 4-5. The most ideal soil for blueberries is peat, drainage, with a layer of litter of baked foliage.
Blueberries will not grow and bear fruit in clay soils (they have poor water permeability).

Creation of conditions and soil preparation for blue

How to plant the blueberry garden with seedlings in the fall?

Planting blueberries by planting cuttings (seedlings) is much simpler than, for example, from seeds. Cut the cuttings in the autumn season, when an adult shrub will completely get rid of its foliage. Cuttings should be cut off at the rhizome itself, choose those that have a length of 12-15 cm.

Interesting: the thicker you choose to cut the stalk, the sooner it can grow a root system.

In order for the seedling to take root faster in the soil, first hold it in the room with a cool temperature (from 1 to 5 degrees). Only after that, transplant the stalk into a specially prepared soil mixture of peat and sand. Put another 1-3 cm peat on top. Cuttings should be inserted into the soil mixture under the slope.

After the seedling starts the roots, they should be washed and cut a little a secateur. This will help the plant give an additional branching of the roots. The seedling should be planted in pre -acidified soil, then gently take the soil and water well.

How to plant the blueberry garden with seedlings in the spring?

Important: you can cut the cuttings from an adult blueberry bush in the spring, but it is important to observe the time frame and choose the period when the plant experiences sapotage.

The seedling should be planted in the soil even when there was no kidney swelling. If you purchase a seedling, choose the one that has been grown in a pot or plastic glass - so you can be sure of the health and security of its root system. Before planting in the ground, lower the container with the seedling into the water for 15 minutes. After that, carefully remove the seedling and put it in the prepared soil, pour it.

How to plant blueberries in the ground correctly?

How to grow blueberries from seeds at home?

Growing blueberries from seeds is a long process and requiring patience. In order to collect seeds, you will need ripe berries. They are kneaded with their hands and the contents get out of the pulp. Lower the pulp with seeds into the water. Half will pop up, part will remain at the bottom - exactly what is required for planting.

Selected seeds should be dried. You will need quite a lot of seeds, and therefore it will be necessary to sort out a large number of berries. Of course, it is easier to buy ready -made seeds, but not the fact that they will be of high quality and will be able to rise with a 100% probability.

Preparing seeds for landing is a complex and long process. To do this, the seeds are laid out on a layer of moss or wet sand and last 3 months there. Of course, you can sow those seeds that were only removed from the berries, but this is done in the middle of summer. Prepared seeds can be planted in the spring.

For planting seeds, you should prepare a special soil mixture of peat. You should not deepen the seeds, just put them on top of peat, and cover with sand for 3 mm on top. The sand can be replaced with sawdust, the height of which should be about 5 cm. Seeds are best planted in a box or cups. From above they are covered with glass or a layer of transparent polyethylene, passing the sun.

Important: you can remove glass or film when the first shoots appear. Until the moment the seedlings turn into seedlings, it will pass for about a month.

Care for a garden blue at a summer cottage in the spring, summer, autumn: tips

Blue care	Spring	Summer	Autumn
Watering	Depending on weather conditions (1-2 times a week)	Depending on weather conditions (1-2 times a week)	It is reduced or completely eliminated.
Mulching	It is produced in spring or autumn every year, as a mulch, the slips of needles or rotted sawdust are used.
Top dressing	Entering complex mineral fertilizers	Repeated introduction of mineral fertilizers
Fertilizer	Only mineral fertilizers without organics
Cutting	It should be done only after the first year after planting. Pruning is done in the spring, until the renal ripening period.
Checking the acidity of the soil	An acidification using acetic acid 9%(60-70 ml per bucket of water)	An acidification using acetic acid 9%(60-70 ml per bucket of water)
Moisturization of the soil	As the soil dries in the hot season
Spraying moisture of leaves		It is allowed in hot weather by evening
Preparation for winter	Cover from the cold wind, press the branches with arches to the ground, cover with a canvas cloth from frosts.

How and with what fertilizer to feed the blueberries in spring, summer, autumn?

The top dressing of blueberries depends on what kind it is: low or tall or melting. Fertilizer requirements differ only in one variety - tall, since it is less whimsical. Other species need fertilizing only as the soil of nutrients is lost, namely in spring and autumn.

Fertilizing the blueberry should only be on the principle of "do not harm". Top dressing is administered in small quantities, not exceeding the dosage, so as not to harm the plant. The type of fertilizer is selected as it is not enough blueberries. This can be determined visually.

What is missing:	How this manifests itself in the plant:
*Nitrogen*	The blueberries are growing slowly, the leaves turn yellow or even worse - the yellowness covers the entire bush, and then acquires a red tint.
*Phosphorus*	The foliage of the shrub is covered with red, after redness, a purple hue can come. The leaves are a little “pressed” to the stem.
*Calcium*	The edges of the foliage of the bush are covered with a yellow tint, a characteristic feature - the sheet is deformed.
*Potassium*	The edges of the leaves and the tips of young shoots begin to die.
*Magnesium*	The tips of the leaves begin to blush
*Bor*	The growth of shoots stops, the sheet may have a slightly blue hue.
*Iron*	The foliage turns yellow and the green "mesh" appears on top
*Sulfur*	The leaves lose color, sometimes they gain a whitish plaque.

Important: blueberries - a plant demanding on the quality of fertilizer. In addition, overfeeding can only harm the plant. Before making fertilizers, it is important to consider the age of the plant.

When to feed:

First stage:the beginning of sapotage in the spring
Second phase:beginning of May
The third stage:the beginning of June

Proper top dressing and fertilizer of blueberries

Do I need to cover the blueberries for the winter?

Blueberries should be prepared for the winter period. To do this, you need to do A number of important events:

Spread the branches of the bushes
Press them to the ground with metal brackets (can be strengthened with twine). This is necessary in order to protect the plant from cold wind.
In frosty weather, blueberries must be wrapped. To do this, it is good to use burlap or canvas fabric, and throw a spruce on top.
The shrub should not be bred until the frosts end so that the blueberries do not die.

Blue pruning: how to do it right?

Pruning the shrub of blueberries should be carried out twice a year - in the fall and spring. This is necessary so that the plant is fruitful for a long time and abundantly. The cut part should be thrown or burned - it is unsuitable. The first pruning should be done when a powerful “skeleton” forms in the shrub, as a rule, a plant of 2, 3 and 4 years. The pruning of the "adult" plant prolongs his life.

Weak pruningit consists in removing only damaged leaves, prophets and branches. You can also cut out those stems that no longer give prophets. You can reduce the number of branches, especially those that are fruiting, but lie on the ground.

Important: if you cut the blueberries during fruiting, you can save a large size of the berries. Also, so that the crop is large and large, you should cut off branches that are older than 5 years.

Propagation of the blueberries of garden: how does it propagate?

Blueberries propagated in several ways:

With the help of seeds.They are dried for 3 months and germinated in sour peat, planted in the ground.
Cuttings.They are taken from the obsessed shoots in the spring or autumn. The growth of the cuttings should be up to 14-15 cm. They should be germinated in a mixture of sand and peat.
With the help of layers.To do this, bent the branches and deepen them into the substrate (usually from peat, sand or sawdust). After this, the layer is covered with a film, the next year a young bush should grow from the mother bush.

Sadova blueberry transplant: how to transplant?

A shrub transplant may be a necessity that will allow the plant to bear fruit and no longer hurt. The transplant should not be deeper than the landing was before, namely, at the level of 5 cm, when the soil covers the roots. The transplant can only be done in an adult plant (when the seedling has at least 50 cm of height).

Important: Before you plant the bush in the new soil, you should completely remove all the buds and green shoots. When transplanting, the soil should be fertilized.

How to acidify the soil for the blueberries of the garden, how to water the blueberries with vinegar?

Soil for blueberries is acidified in several ways:

Sulfur powder.Used for already planted and "adult" shrubs. Powder should be applied to moisturized soil, you need to do it carefully so as not to damage the root system.
Mineral fertilizers.Such substances should contain ammonia or ammonia sulfate. To do this, you can use urea, ammonium or potassium sulfate.
Acidified water. For preparation, you can use any acid: vinegar, citric, sorrel. The proportions are simple: 10 ml of acid per 1 liter of water.

What year does blueberries bear fruit after planting when berries ripen?

After deepening the seedling into the ground, you should wait for its development and growth. The bush is strong and grows up for approximately 5-7 years, depending on how long it received. By this time, fruiting begins, which will intensify every year.

Pigeons diseases, and how to treat them?

Disease of shrub	The cause of the occurrence	How manifests itself	Method of treatment
*Mummification of berries*	Mushroom Monilinia Vaccinii-Corymbosi	Defeat of young shoots and inflorescences, fruits, death of leaves	Removing the affected areas, mulching
*Gray* *rot*	Botrytis cinerea pass	Brown plaque, turning into white, death of fruits and leaves, branches	Bordeaux liquid treatment
*Black spotting*	Mushroom PHOMOPSIS VITICOLA	The tops of the top, brown and black spots on the leaves	Processing by substances with copper content
*STEL cancer*	Godronia Cassandrae Peck	The plant is covered with ulcers and dies	Salvation cannot be made, you can do prevention with nitrogen fertilizers
*Powder*	Sphaerotheca Mors mushroom	The plant acquires gray, dries, dies	Chemical treatment
*Anthracnosis*	Parasite - anthracnosis	Drying of leaves, falling and rot of fruits	Using fungicides
*Moniliosis of the fruit*	Fungus	Rotting the whole plant	Cut off the affected parts

Why do not fruit fruit on the blueberries of garden blush in the blueberries: what to do?

Any abnormal visual manifestations on blue: a change in the pigmentation of the leaves, drying of the fruits, rot and the appearance of spots can occur for two reasons: