Formation, development and training of visual memory in children. How to determine a violation of visual memory?

In this article we will talk about one of the types of human memory - visual. You will find out what types of memory are and how to train it.

Visual memory is also called photographic. It allows you to create the image of what has seen and save it in memory. Subsequently, the preserved visual image can be reproduced in details in your mind.

This type of perception allows you to hold, to see the image even in its absence. It is known that 60% of people better remember visual information than the resulting - sound.

Visual memory, memorization

It is believed that people remember only “photography”. This picture is complemented by many different information obtained from other sensitive receptors.

In fact, memorization - This is a capture, further preservation of the information received. In the dynamics of this phenomenon, there are two types of memory: unintentional memorization, deliberate.

• At intentional There is a goal - to remember that artificial methods of memorization are used for this visual memory.
• Unintentional Memory occurs without a goal, without various techniques, without much effort.

Usage photographic Memory gives a person to preserve many memories. However, it is difficult to memorize information from a large number of words that cannot be remembered by ear. Remembering this text is much easier in an integral image (picture).

Visual memory - features

Eidetic Memory favorably affects success in the future school. During this process, children remember, assimilate a large amount of material. Without well -developed visual memory - it is difficult to remember new information.

IMPORTANT: The quality of involuntary memorization depends on the activity of children to memorable objects, the details of perception, and reflection.

They say that photo The memory of girls is more developed than that of the boys. This is due to the fact that the features of the structure of the brain in girls, boys are different from each other. Do not lose our attention that they have different conditions for development.

Types of visual memory

There are several classifications of eidetic memory, they are various types of memory.

They are divided by such characteristics:

1. By speed memorization, conservation of material: iconic, short -term, long -term, operational, hereditary
2. By results activities: involuntary, arbitrary
3. By methods memorization: semantic, mechanical
4. By types memorized material: numerical, color, mathematical, face memory
5. By levels memorization: short -term, long -term, sensory
6. By types of psychology: motor, figurative, verbal, emotional

Short -term visual memory

Short -term memory - A short -lived process of memorization, as a result of which you get some information. It is still called working memory, has a short period of limited volume.

With this type of memory, only four objects can be held. It saves a little information in the memory cells, which we currently consciously remember.

Short -term memory receives the amount of information from the senses, from long -term memory. The processes that occur in it are not stable, are reversible.

Images in short -term memory exist due to the functioning of the connections between neurons, by means of multiple of excitement on ring neural chains. The holding of the pictures occurs due to mental pronunciation.

Visually motor memory

Motor memoryShe motor Contains muscle-motor objects of learned movements (speed, pace, amplitude, etc.).

Motor memory is memorization, absorption, reproduction of movements. It serves as a key aspect in the formation of skills, both practical and workers.

IMPORTANT: When a child performs certain movements, he cannot make them the same next time. This happens because the skeleton has a special structure, the functionality of movements does not allow a person to move systematically, the same.

The volume of visual memory

The most important integral characteristic of memory is volume. It enables a person to memorize, store the material in a certain amount.

If we talk about memory, then its indicator is the number of imprinted information resources.

Older children have more The volume of photographic memory. A preschool child remembers about 7 items, images from 11-16, after they were shown only once.

The volume of photographic memory in a child is determined by a special test. Children are shown ten pictures with various objects, they need to remember them. Do not rush. Show each illustration for six seconds. Then ask to name objects.

Attention should be paid to errors:

• Repetition of children
• Objects that did not show
• How many pictures children remember

Then again show the photos that they forgot, in ten minutes ask to remember, reveal errors again. An hour later, ask to recall the images again.

Evaluate the results in the following parameters:

• 8-10 photos - good result
• 5-7 photos - A satisfactory result
• up to 5 photos - unsatisfactory result

Diagnosis of visual memory

Diagnosis eidetic memory Allows you to evaluate only a superficial level of development of a particular person. A detailed study of a particular person is impossible, since all processes in memory are only amenable to superficial study.

For determining visual memory of children, use certain tests that we will consider later.

IMPORTANT: Violation of visual memory can lead to mental disorders.

Visual memory test

There are several tests for visual memory, consider one of them more details. It is developed for children from five to six years.

The essence of the test is this:

1. We select 11-16 wordsWe remember. We prepare the set photo (21-31 pieces)
2. Photos should not be direct in nature to the words reserved for memorization
3. Use words such as: path, garden, dinner, milk, light, field, clothes, error, night, horse, bird, studies, chair, mouse, forest
4. Use such images in the pictures: bread, a cup, notebook, flashlight, house, school, watch, fruit, pencil, cupboard, helicopter, furniture,  sled, lamp, cat, cow, rake, plant, knife, blouse, car, moon, cart, sofa
5. For preschool children, words, images should be concretized, and for younger schoolchildren - more abstract
6. Read the word to the child, and at this time let him take the suitable photo that will help to remember the word
7. For example, you call the word - studies, and the child, meanwhile, chooses a photo with the image schools
8. Give time to choose from each photo, about 33 seconds. Often children make a choice much earlier than this time
9. After each selection of pictures, ask to argue his choice
10. Then the child should be distracted by 15 minutes
11. In conclusion, the child calls words according to the pictures

Violation of visual memory

Some children have a violation of visual memory. Problems eidetic memory, Basically, it occurs due to damage to the parts of the cerebral cortex on the occipital side.

It is this zone that is responsible for memorizing photographic images. This happens with injuries or due to tumors of various etiologies.

Violations are manifested by the following symptoms:

• Disorders visual perception environment
• There are times when children forget previously the objects seen
• Still, such a process belongs to the alarming symptoms of pathology - the patient is not able to call objects Despite the fact that he recognizes them, understands the appointment.

IMPORTANT: Treatment of babies cannot be carried out independently at home, necessarily a specialist should develop individual long-term therapy.

Training of visual memory

Already at preschool age, it is necessary to engage in visual memory. After all, kids quickly learn new words, images, ask many cognitive questions. And special games for her training will help to develop the perception of complex information at school.

When doing children, you need to remember such nuances of learning:

• Interesting information is always better absorbed
• In training, the beginning is best remembered, the end
• In addition to visual perception, the involvement of sensory sensation will be much more effective
• All information should be presented to the child simply, understandable

IMPORTANT: If you reduce the child’s time to watch a TV or limit the period of staying for computer games, then, having given an hour or two to joint exercises of memory, you will help the baby develop imagination, thinking.

Visual memory exercises

According to statistics, up to 81% of all information received, we get visually. True, most people do not use all these opportunities.

Plated visual memory expands the view of any object, subject. This, in turn, allows the child to increase concentration, attention.

There are many different exercises for training visual perception. Some of them:

• Memorization of images - This exercise allows you to remember the objects, images, and as accurately as possible reproduce them in thoughts in all subtleties, details. This exercise can be practiced on simple objects
• Drawing - A great way to improve eidetic memory. The artist’s skills are absolutely not required here. The main thing is the desire to transfer the images captured in memory, to paper in various drawings
• Memories - Training a photographic memory with the help of memories is simple. To do this, before going to bed, reproduce all the events of the past day. Try at the same time, imagine visual images
• Games - There is a huge number of games aimed at developing visual perception. One of them is “Find the differences”

Visual memory games

There are quite a few special games for the development of visual memory among preschoolers. Consider some of them:

1. "Find the figures" Rules of the game: the child is given an illustration with various geometric shapes. To begin with, he must well consider, remember (viewing time 30 - 20 seconds) initial drawing. Then take the second, find the figures on it, which he remembered on the first
2. "In order" Rules of the game: a child, lays out, alternating colored sticks (in order - yellow, red, blue). Either lays out numbers, figures, letters in the sequence given by adults
3. "Where was what happened?" Rules of the game: draw a square on a magnetic board. We divide it into nine cells. In each cage, fix different images. Let the child remember the location of the pictures for 10 seconds. Remove everything, after 5 minutes ask the child the location of the drawings, let him restore them on the board
4. "Like on a picture" Rules of the game: For the game we take a drawing with several figures. The kid remembers their location, after - reproduces from memory the figures in squares on an empty sheet
5. "Constructor" Rules of the game: the child examines the figure in the image, then spreads the same figure from the cuisener stick or cubes. Upon completion - we compare how correct everything turned out

IMPORTANT: Games for the formation of visual memory from preschoolers and schoolchildren choose by age.

Video: Games for the development of visual memory in children