Empathy: level, development in children and adults. Empathy test for Yusupov and Boyko

A person who, with the same force, feels the emotions of another call an empatted. Who can be an empatted and whether this gift can be developed in yourself - find out from the article.

Content

The word “empathy” often used recently - what does it mean? We hear “this man is an empatted”, even “Empathus psychics” appeared. Who are these people and how do they differ from the rest?

What is empathy?

Empathy It is generally considered the ability of a person to empathize with another, to feel his emotions, to understand and respond to them. From here and empates We call exactly such people who consciously empathize with others are imbued with their condition, thus understanding his feelings and emotions.

Empates You can call those people to whom others stretch. For example, a favorite teacher in a kindergarten or teacher - one hundred percent empatus, the feeling of the mood of their pupils. Not being an empatted, you cannot become a good psychologist or doctor, otherwise they will be left without patients.
For empato The most destructive emotion is fear: Passing through themselves other people's emotions, such people are lost in conflict situations, perceiving the negative and aggression from the outside. They are not capable of skirmishes and rivalry, therefore, as a rule, they quietly remain aloof.
And if you do not learn how to overcome this fear, he can go with a person in life, up to provoking panic attacks.

Empathy levels: quantity, characteristics

As a rule, distinguish three main levels of empathy. The first is characterized by complete indifference to others, such people do not strive for contact, preferring solitude. They are often surrounded by alienation from others.
Most often found empates of the second level. These people are also not tuned to the empathy for others, showing it only occasionally. They are usually attentive and tactful, their emotions are controlled, feelings are restrained. Sometimes they can lose patience, but in general - delicate and not too emotional.
The highest is considered the third level of empathywhose representatives can not be found so often. They are truly interested in others, with their problems and experiences. Empates of the third level Contact, sincere and generous. They have a feeling and intuition in the first place, and only then - rationality.

This is a generally accepted division of empathy into levels. But there is more detailed distinction.

So, at the first level, a person is able to perceive his own sensations, the nature of his emotions, their subtleties. Such a person is able to feel another, but only if this other is nearby, and the empatted itself, as a rule, does not even realize that these are other people's emotions.
The second level of empathy It is characterized by the fact that a person not only understands the nature of feelings and emotions, but also capable of the eyes, expression, not understanding the nature of this, to understand the emotions of another.
The third level Already implies awareness of himself with an empatted and a conscious perception of other people's experiences, the distinction between their and other people's emotions.

The most sensitive and susceptible are empates of the next two levels. Here, empathy becomes not just the ability to empathize, but the quality of character.
At the fourth level A person is able to completely cover the whole gamut of the feelings and emotions of the other, even at the energy, and not just physical level. His own feelings are completely subject to them, moreover, a person is able to develop them of his own free will.
Going to the fifth level of empathy, A person can well control not only his feelings, but also a certain measure to manage the experiences and perception of others.
Representatives of the last two levels are often found among those we call psychics, contactors, clairvoyants.

How to develop empathy for an adult?

This process also consists of several levels. At first, a person is able to separate some emotions from others in tonality of speech, gestures.

A similar level is characteristic of most people who easily determine in what spiritual location the interlocutor is. In order to navigate well in these subtleties, you need to learn to see a person even in small things: hairstyle or makeup, expression on the face or a wave of a hand.
At the second level A person masters the ability to "become someone." Trying on himself of other people's habits, manners, gestures, even the tonality of the sound of his speech, it becomes easier to feel another person, get used to him.
It is easier to master such skills with the help strong emotional reactions. If you master such a skill, you can even predict how another person behaves in a particular situation, since emotions and feelings will become resonance.

And finally, on the third level of development of empathy, Having mastered other people's emotions as their own, the empath is able to manage both of them. Thus, he is able to get out of the negativity himself and bring another, influencing his emotional state.
Empats of this level surpass ordinary people in their understanding of others, but “pay” for this their own emotions, overly developed sensitivity, which does not always help in interhuman clashes.

Development of empathy in children and adolescents

Undoubtedly, empathy in childrenit is directly dependent on how much his parents can sympathize and empathize. Getting a feeling of love and warmth from adults, the child thus passes them through himself, learns not only to understand them, but also to accumulate, sharing with others.
The child tends to project his experiences on others and try to find them in someone. This is how it is formed empathy.

Reaching adolescence, the child especially needs spiritual and emotional contact with his parents, and his absence prevents the world of feelings and experiences from improving and improving. Therefore, trusting, friendly relations in any family are so important.

Yusupov test for the level of empathy

Try to answer each statement with one of the five options:

0 - I don't know
1 - no, in any case
2 - sometimes happens
3 - often
4 - very often
5 - of course, always

I prefer literature describing travel, not biographical books.
When the children grew up, they are annoyed by parental care.
I am interested in analyzing the causes of luck and mistakes of others.
I like modern music more than other styles.
If a person is sick, his grumbling and grumpiness, albeit for many years, are quite excusable.
Those who are sick can be contributed to the word.
Outsiders should not interfere in the skirmish between others.
The old people are very touchy, and, for no reason.
As a child, I could not listen to sad stories without tears.
When parents are annoyed, this affects my mood.
I am indifferent to criticism in my direction.
Portrait painting is closer to me than a landscape.
Even if my parents are wrong, I never hid their grievances.
A poorly pulling horse must be spurred.
I seem to live all the dramatic events I read.
The attitude of parents to their child is always fair.
When I see a quarrel between someone, I consider it my duty to intervene.
I am indifferent to the negative attitude of my parents.
I am ready to postpone all things to watch how animals behave.
Works of art are able to make only those who are not endowed with seriousness.
I love to watch strangers behave, notice their facial expressions.
As a child, I picked up homeless animals on the street.
Unreasonable bitterness is inherent in all people.
I want to understand what the life of an unfamiliar person will be.
The kids have always recognized me as a leader.
I have a desire to help a crippled animal.
A person is relieved if someone listens to his discontent.
I do not want to witness the incident on the street.
Kids support my ideas and suggestions.
The assertion that the animal feels the mood of the owner is exaggerated.
A person needs to look for a way out of the conflict.
The child has reasons for crying.
Young should do what the old men ask for.
The thoughtfulness of some classmates caused me a desire to understand its reasons.
Homeless pets must be destroyed.
I want to change the conversation if he begins to touch someone’s personal problems.

Now let's evaluate the results. At first - on the scale of lies:

Check if you answered “I don’t know” at 3, 9, 11, 13, 28 and 36 points.
In addition, compare the affirmative response at 11, 13, 16, 27 points.
If there are less than three coincidences - the result is quite believable, four - doubts arise, more than 5 - you are unlikely to answer sincerely.
Next, fold the points received for answers to the points: 2, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 32.

We summarize:

From 82 to 90 - Empathy at a very high level
From 63 to 81 - high -level empathy
37 to 62 - Mid -level empathy
From 12 to 36 - low -level empathy
Less than 11 - Empathy of a very low level

Boyko Empathy Test

Put next to the statement “+” If your answer is positive, and “-“ In the case of a negative answer.

I like the study of human individuals and behavior for understanding characters and inclinations.
I do not succumb to the nervousness of others.
I am inclined to believe the mind, not intuition.
For me, interest in the problems of colleagues is quite acceptable.
If necessary, it is not difficult for me to arouse trust in a person.
I immediately define a person close to me by the interests of a person.
I am interested in starting conversations with unfamiliar fellow travelers.
I feel uneasy if oppressed people are nearby.
Intuitively, I understand better people than based on experience.
Trying to open someone else's inner world is a tactless occupation.
I myself do not notice how I apply verbal grievances to relatives.
It is easy for me to imagine myself in the image of any animal.
I hardly reflect on the motivation of the actions of those who are close to me.
I am almost never imbued with the problems of comrades.
It is inherent in me to feel what will happen to someone who is close to me.
I prefer not to talk about personal affairs with work colleagues.
Sometimes I have to listen to reproaches from loved ones in carelessness.
I can easily play intonations and habits of others.
New people are often embarrassed under my curious look.
I easily become infected with other people's laughter.
I act at random, looking for approaches to new people, and I succeed.
The crying with happiness is simply absurd.
I dissolve in my loved one.
I rarely meet people whom I can understand from one word.
I am interested in eavesdropping other people's conversations, even if this happens by accident.
I am able not to worry even if there is a panic around.
It is easier for me to understand a person at a subconscious level than at rational.
I do not worry about the small problems of my family members.
If a person is closed, a trusting conversation with him is a difficulty for me.
I have an artistic nature.
I am not very interesting to the revelations of new people.
I am upset by other people's tears.
In my thinking there is more specifics than intuition.
If friends share their troubles, I change the topic of conversation.
I do not ask questions if I understand that a person is upset.
I can’t understand why people are upset because of trifles.

Now calculate your pros and cons of it. Add the score for each positive answer to the questions 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 25, 27, 30, 32 And for each minus set near the rest of the statements.

If you have gained more 30 points - This is an indicator of empathy of a very high level.
From 22 to 29 - Empathy of the middle level.
From 15 to 21 - Empathy of the underestimated level.
Up to 14 - Empathy of a very low level.