What is a magnetic and true azimuth in geography and how to determine it using a compass and a transporter on a map, according to the coordinates of two points? Orientation of the movement on the terrain along the azimouth: orientation angles. Directive corner and azimuth: what's the difference?

Compass and azimuth.

Content

Surely, you have repeatedly heard of the true and magnetic azimuth. They are radically different from each other, and therefore you need to navigate in one area or another, given these differences. You will need this so that you do not face the following problem in the future - when the point on the map indicated using the compass will have other absolutely indicators than the indicators obtained using the card.

What is magnetic and true azimuth in geography?

The angle located between the direction to the north direction and those that are located at a certain point - this is azimuth. The northern direction is called the one that is directed directly to the North Pole. However, the path directed to the north on the compass, of course, is considered only a direction indicating the magnetic pole. But this is not a geographical location at all. Therefore, speaking of the true pole, it is a speech, which is directly related to the form of our planet. Plus, it is also associated with the axis of the rotation of the Earth, which passes through 2 poles.

The magnetic pole is connected closely to the magnetic field of our land, which has 2 poles. This field does not coincide with the true poles of the planet, as well as the fields corresponding to them do not coincide with the meridians: neither true nor magnetic.

Having paved one or another direction between the meridians, which will touch the subject of the selected area directly, then the angle between these meridians will turn out to be true azimuth, as well as magnetic, respectively. The difference that will turn out between these azimuts is called magnetic declination. This declension can have several names, it all depends on which direction of the world it is more inclined.

Leaning in the eastern direction - means the declension of the eastern
Leaning in the western direction - means the declination of the Western

The declension, which goes in the eastern direction, is indicated by a plus, but in the eastern minus.

How to determine the azimuth using a compass?

In order to learn how to correctly navigate in a particular area and get the necessary direction, you need to calculate the azimuth using a compass. This is done very simple:

Take the compass in the left palm, put it horizontally. Using your right hand, release the brake that holds the arrow on the compass. Start rotating the compass so that the northern tip of the arrow shows on the "0" scale. Then turn the ring with a vizier so that the line of the gaze coincides with the remote object and with the one that we see well. Count the right amount of magnetic azimuth divisions for this element. Make the countdown from the “0” indicator, move as the hour -long arrow moves until you get to the figure that is opposite the vizier and its pointer.

Combine the Vizier indicator with the indicator to the specified item. Perform this manipulation several times: look to start at the vizier pointer, then look at the index of the item, perform the process the other way around. Remember the important point: in no case, the compass should not be brought to the face, and especially to the eyes, since the accuracy of the future dimensions of the azimuth can worsen. Use a special compass, for example, Andrianova compass. Thus, you will get more accurate results.
If you move from the chosen object only in the opposite direction, then try to calculate the reverse azimuth. The indications of the direct azimuth are less than 180 degrees, 180 degrees are added. But, and if these indicators are more than this mark - then 180 degrees are taken away.
To determine the specified direction according to the old values \u200b\u200bof the azimuth, it is necessary to rotate the vizier ring: the vizier pointer is combined with an indication located on the scale, which is equal to the previously given Azimuth value. After that, the brake of the arrows on the compass is removed, its case rotates until the northern edge of the arrow will show the Tsical “0”. The vizier pointer will show the necessary course.

How to determine the azimuth using a transporter by a topographic map?

The azimuth is counted from 0, moves clockwise to an indicator of 360 degrees. That is, from the northern mark of the magnetic meridian to a given point.

If you need to move precisely according to the compass, you need to indicate the values \u200b\u200bof the azimuth on the map. Such a methodology is used by aircraft and sea vessels that make long -distance flights or swimming long -distance. Also, travelers use this method during poor visibility, for example, at night, if there is no chance to move along a special guideline.

For the correct definition, take:

Travel card
Compass
Simple pencil with ruler
Protractor

Next, follow our instructions:

Mark your own location on your map. Try to navigate the designations that are on the map.
Find the guide where exactly you should go. Direct movement can be carried out exclusively through the air or by sea. There are truth and exceptions on land - this is a desert or steppe. As a rule, on the ground, movement occurs along the broken one, while all natural obstacles are taken into account. Therefore, you will have to regularly adjust the azimuth during movement.
Put the ruler on the track card so that the place of your location and the final point are on this line. Draw a strip with a simple pencil until it intersects with the closest meridian. Attach the base of your own transport to this strip. Dream of the risk, which is located in the central part, to the place where it intersects with a drawn strip - the direction should look at the landmark. From the arc of the transporter, where it intersects with that strip, take readings. Azimuth is ready for you.

How to determine the azimuth by the coordinates of two points?

Determining the coordinates located between one point and another point is very simple. Spend the meridian from the starting point. This meridian should be a parallel to the eastern frame or the western frame on paper. Regarding this meridian, the azimuth is calculated. Since drawing the meridian is not so easy, then for starters it is necessary to determine the directorate angle of the direction that is required to be calculated.

To measure the directorate angle of the resulting line, it is necessary to draw a strip through the first point, which is parallel to the abscissa axis, and then measure the directorate angle. And you can still lay a strip to the place where it will cross with a coordinate strip. Where there will be a intersection, you need to measure the directorate angle.

What is the difference between the azimuth and the directorate angle?

The directorate angle is measured using the transporter, as well as using a waybill. Magnetic azimuth is measured using a compass and terrain. If you take a true azimuth, then it is calculated at the expense of two main elements:

The first is magnetic azimuth
The second is magnetic declension

In what units is the value of the azimuth measured?

As mentioned above, the azimuth is measured in degrees and can begin with the indicator "0" and end with an indicator "360".

Determine: what areas of the sides of the horizon correspond to the azimuts of the southeastern, northeastern and north-west direction?

Southeast is 135 degrees

North-east is 45 degrees

North-West equal to 315 degrees

Which side of the horizon corresponds to the azimuth of 90 and 180 degrees?

90 degrees are East Azimuth

180 degrees - this is the southern azimuth

Orientation of the movement on the terrain by azimouth: orientation angles

To orient the line - this means calculating where it is directed relative to the initial direction. For example, due to the meridian or axis of the abscissa.

The angle that is calculated on a special scale in the direction of the clock arrow is azimuth
The angle that begins the deduction from the northern point to the final (given) point is magnetic azimuth
The angle located between the northern indicator of the meridian and the extreme (final) indicator is the directorate angle