Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

From the article you will learn about aseptic necrosis of the femoral head and methods of its treatment.

Content

Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head is a severe disease of the hip joint, which causes tissue atrophy in the bones of the thigh head, as a result of improper blood circulation in the tissues and complicating the metabolic function in a separate part of the bone.

Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head: causes

People of any age category suffer from this disease - the disease can be found in both childhood and old age. The largest spherical joint in the body is the hip, formed from the femur, bone head and articular hollow.

If there are no violations, then the head of the bone of the thigh with ligaments is recorded in the hip bone - the swivel. In the case of progressive development of necrosis, a phased change in structure occurs, and the destruction of the bone head. The lack of oxygen intake and nutrients disrupt the functions of the restoration of the cartilage, bringing it to wear in the area of \u200b\u200blarge loads, and also leads to atrophy of the hip head.

The disease occurs most often with damage to the joint, from the use of corticosteroids, with the development of pancreatitis, alcoholism, and radioactive effects. There are certain professions that are at risk due to their specifics of work-miners and divers. Sometimes the disease occurs due to genetic changes. There is also an idiopathic necrosis - a type of pathology that occurs without obvious motives for the appearance and detection.

Symptoms of malaise with aseptic necrosis of the femoral head

Film necrosis is a widely known disease. By the beginning of its progression, the absence of the correct diet and life style leads. Modern diagnostic medicine at the moment, is able to recognize the disease at the initial stage - with the aim of the preventive further treatment of people of the risk group.

The intensity of the manifestation of the disease is determined by its stage. But among obvious symptoms, the same type is visible: painful sensations, the constraint of the femur during movement, the muscle mass in the thigh zone decreases, a change in the gait of a person occurs - limitation to the problem side.
In the absence of treatment, the disease begins to develop rapidly and the symptoms of the disease increase, the joint modifies its form, which can lead to a loss of freedom of movement, the patient will not be able to walk without a cane or support.
It must be understood that with a diagnosis of idiopathic necrosis, treatment with only drug methods will not give a result, but only suspend the progress of the disease. It is important for the patient to undergo more intense treatment, not to postpone timely diagnosis, even with minor manifestations of symptoms.

Diagnosis of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head

The first diagnosis of the disease occurs in the doctor’s office when examining the patient.

Most often, the patient resorts to the help of a specialist, with a sufficiently formed stage of the disease. When the inability to move independently and strong pain attacks appear.
The primary form of this disease is almost asymptomatic. But it is important to recognize the pathology until the moment of its extensive development in the body and therefore a more voluminous diagnostic study is carried out.
The specialist makes a diagnosis based on the study of the history of diseases and palpation in the joint. For a detailed examination, the patient is recommended to undergo an MRI of the hip joints and radioscopy, three -phase scintigraphy - to determine oncological pathology in bone and soft tissues, laboratory tests - a thorough study of urine and blood.

The pathological condition with necrosis has four stages of development:

The initial first stage - Pathology can have a hidden course of development. The patient does not suspect the presence of a disease. Violations to a small degree are able to determine not all diagnostic methods. The visual state of the cartilage remains unchanged, but the processes of destruction of the spongy substance are already taking place inside - osteonecrosis of the internal tissue of cartilage is formed.
In the second stage of the patient feels insignificant discomfort in the pathology zone. Numerous cracks arise in the head of the femur as a result of the impression fracture.
The third stage is characteristic not subservient pain when walking, difficulty in movement. At this stage of the disease, cystic formations and seals occur in the head of the bone, the outlines of the head acquire unevenness - this is reflected on its mobility, the distance between the joints is reduced or increased.
In the fourth stage - the disease develops with more pronounced symptoms: the nature of the pain is ongoing even at complete rest, the joint loses its activity. Total decay of the joint head occurs, distortion or subluxation is formed. The swivel shift occurs along the edges, the distance between the joints decreases to a complete disappearance.

Clinical studies have shown that in each stage of the development of the disease there is a certain time period before the transition to the next stage. So for the first and second stage - the transition time is six months. When moving from the third to the fourth - this time lasts from 3 to 6 months.

Methods for the treatment of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head

In the case of the establishment of necrosis of the early stage, the patient is prescribed conservative methods of treatment:

take of painkillers
therapeutic gymnastics
physiotherapeutic procedures
orthopedic methods

Such treatment methods can suspend the course of the disease, but are not effective for the patient's complete healing. With the advanced stage of necrosis, surgical intervention is required. The patient is prescribed an operation to implant an endoprosthesis - a joint that has become unusable is replaced by a prosthesis.

As a rule, such an operation takes place under the influence of local anesthesia, which allows the patient to quickly recover after prosthetics. The rehabilitation period after the operation is up to six months. At this time, the patient must move with crutches. After the rehabilitation period, the bulk of patients can completely restore their active activity.