How England differs from Great Britain, the board of lords from the House of Commons, and Prince Harry from Princess Beatrice, you will learn from this article.
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England and Great Britain: What is the difference?
Most of us use the words “England” and “Great Britain” as identical concepts, without particularly going into the legal meaning of these concepts. Meanwhile, as they say in Odessa, these are “two big differences”, two completely different territories.
England (England)- The territory on the island of Great Britain, its largest administrative unit. The name "England" goes back to the name of one of the Germanic tribes (Angls), which once inhabited this historical area.
In the era of medieval fragmentation of Europe, England was an independent kingdom, the possession of which increased, then decreased depending on the military successes of local rulers.
Great Britin (Great Britain) - This is the name of the largest island of the British archipelago, on which in addition to England there are two more independent territories, previously former independent states: Wales and Scotland.
Country England or Great Britain?
The country, which we call British or Britain, is officially called the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" (The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nothern Ireland). Therefore, strictly speaking, both names are erroneous.
The possessions of the United Kingdom: the island of Great Britain, the north of the island of Ireland, as well as many small islands and archipelags around the world, such as Gibraltar, Bermuda, Falkland and Kaymanov Islands.
In Russia, this bulky name is often reduced to the UK. In Europe, almost always used abbreviation UK (from “United Kingdom” - the United Kingdom).
Further, the article under the UK will imply the entire United Kingdom.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain: General information
In which part of the mainland is the UK?
Great Britain, not counting the small islands, is located in the British archipelago, in the northwestern part of Europe. This region is often called foggy albion due to the abundance of rains, dampness and endless fogs that bring cyclones from the Atlantic.
The warm waters of the Gulf Stream slightly soften the climate: there are no too cold winters (with the exception of the mountainous area of \u200b\u200bScotland and Wales), and in summer the average temperature is held around 20 c heat.
The capital of England and Great Britain
London is the capital of Great Britain, he is also the capital of the administrative region of England. This is the largest city in the kingdom, its cultural and economic center. London is also one of the global financial centers of the world.
Economic institutions of a global scale are concentrated here, through London the main financial flows of the largest transnational corporations and currency centers of smaller states are passed through London.
London was founded by the Romans as the capital of the Roman province of Britain, located on the British Isles. The first references to London are found in 117 by the Roman historian Tacitus - at that time the city has existed for more than 50 years.
London has occupied its leading position among other capitals since the Middle Ages. By the degree of influence on world policy, few of the cities of the Old World can compete with the center of the British Empire.
In the 20th century, London also gained the glory of one of the main world centers of fashion and youth subculture. It is to London that we owe the appearance of the styles “dandy” and “casual”, rock musicians and the Beatles group.
Great Britain on the map of the world
Today, the UK in terms of territories is a modest 78th place in the world. It accounts for only 2% of the earth's surface. We can say that Great Britain is only a small spot on the map of the world. But it was not always so.
During the period of the greatest heyday of the British Empire, a quarter of the world literally belonged. At the beginning of the 20th century, Great Britain was the largest state that ever existed on the planet (its record has not yet been broken).
In addition to the crown territories on the British Islands of Great Britain, they belonged to: Canada, Australia, half of the African continent, India, Oman, Iraq, Honduras, Bermuda and Bahamas, Malaysia, Burma, New Gvinea, Cyprus and other smaller territories. The territory of the British crown until its war for independence in 1776.
Contemporaries said that the sun never sits over the British Empire. In fairness, it should be noted that the colonial policy of Great Britain did not promise anything good to the conquered territories. In the history of the British Empire there were many bloody wars and severe punitive operations in controlled territories.
British map in Russian
Detailed maps of Great Britain, including a map of attractions, roads and railways, administrative division and many others you can see here. All cards are available for download.
The political structure of Great Britain
Who is the head of state in the UK?
The UK has a rather complicated and confusing control system. In addition to the monarch, there are such bodies of a country as the House of Lords, the House of Commons, the Cabinet of Ministers and the Prime Minister.
The House of British Commons
The main task of the House of Commons is to represent the interests of all estates of the population when adopting laws in the state. Members of the House of Commons are elected by voting in the administrative districts of Great Britain for a period of 5 years. This is the lower stage of the legislative power of Great Britain.
House of Lords of Great Britain
The House of Lords represents the interests of the highest aristocracy and the clergy in the UK. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the House of Lords had the right to reject any bill proposed by the House of Commons, if it believed that this law infringes the interests of the nobility.
Currently, Lords can only delay the adoption of such laws for a period of one month to a year. The duties of members of the House of Lords also include the consideration of judicial appeals.
The place in the House of Lords is inherited (with the exception of representatives of the Church, where members of the Palace of the Lords are appointed by the Council of Bishops), and this is one of the most archaic governing bodies in Europe. Members of the House of Lords, unlike the House of Commons, do not receive a permanent salary for participating in meetings and are not obliged to attend every meeting.
UK parliament
The fees of communities and the House of Lords are together called the UK parliament. If necessary, the monarch can dissolve the parliament and declare early elections, or vice versa to extend its powers.
Cabinet of Ministers
Cabinet of ministers is the highest management of the country. Members of the Cabinet of Ministers lead various state structures (departments or ministries). The ministers are appointed from among the representatives of the parliament, their duties include the leadership of the ministries, as well as consultations with the monarch regarding the adoption of important decisions. The Cabinet of Council of Great Britain is subject to parliament.
British Prime Minister
The Prime Minister of Great Britain is the main official in the country after the monarch. He heads the government, in certain issues it can act on behalf of the monarch. The candidate for the post of Prime Minister is approved by the king or queen from among the most influential members of the parliament.
Kings and Queens of Great Britain
Great Britain is one of the oldest monarchies in the world. The highest chapter in the country is the monarch (king or queen), the throne is transmitted by majority inheritance (that is, the eldest in the family).
Despite the fact that outwardly members of the Royal House of Great Britain perform purely representative and ceremonial functions, the monarch in the UK has a very real government.
The king or queen of Great Britain can dissolve the government, assign the title of Lord to citizens of novorian origin to enter the House of Lords, approve the bills adopted, appoint ministers and parse criminals.
Conservative Party of Great Britain
The Conservative Party of Great Britain (Tori Party) is the oldest political party in Europe, which arose in the 17th century. The party traditionally represents the interests of the nobility, clergy and the bourgeoisie.
Historically, this is the most influential political power of the kingdom, which invariably occupies most places in parliament. The most striking prime ministers in the latest history of Great Britain belonged precisely to the conservatives: Navell Chamberlain, Winston Churchill, Margaret Thatcher and David Cameron.
The current British Prime Minister Teresa Mei is also a member of the conservative party.
Queen of Great Britain Elizabeth II
The Queen of Great Britain Elizabeth is the second - one of the oldest ruling monarchs in the world. She accepted the throne from her father George VI in 1952, and has been in power for more than 60 years (in 2016, Elizabeth II turned 90 years old). According to most British, Elizabeth is an example of an impeccable ruler, who did not stain his royal title.
Despite the belonging to the weak sex, Elizabeth II is famous for its iron character, and will give the head start to many men. A few interesting facts from her biography:
At the age of 18, Elizabeth persuaded her father to let her go into the army and in 1944 took the courses of mechanical drivers, after which she entered military service in the women's detachment of self-defense and served about six months before the end of World War II. She is the only lady in the royal family who took part in hostilities.
Elizabeth fell in love with her future husband, Prince Philip, while being a child. Philip is the heir to the impoverished Greek monarchy, whose representatives were forced to escape from their own country after exile. Philip’s candidacy did not suit the parents of Elizabeth and the ruling elite of Great Britain, but the princess managed to achieve consent to marriage. Moreover, she herself offered him a hand and heart, without waiting for the response signs of attention.
Elizabeth bought the fabric for her wedding dress for discount cards. In 1947, the UK economy had not yet managed to recover after the war, and Elizabeth considered it indecent to spend the treasury of the kingdom for lush celebrations.
Even in his 90 years, Elizabeth still personally holds all the most responsible meetings in the state and, as the Supreme Commander, inspects all the military facilities of the kingdom. She does not trust the direct heir to Prince Charles.
The steel character of the queen does not interfere with their small human weaknesses.
Elizabeth II is considered the legislator of the mod and a great lover of hats. She wears bright colors regardless of age, but never crosses the boundaries of strict classics.
According to the protocol, the queen cannot appear at official events in the same outfit twice. Each of her toilet is entered into a huge catalog, has its own serial number and is accompanied by a record: where, when and under what circumstances she put on it, this avoids repetitions and embarrassments.
The queen must be the standard of politeness, but the number of meetings and audiences is so great that it takes too much strength. Elizabeth II has several secret signs by which the courtiers must understand that it is time to end the event. For example, if Elizabeth twists the ring on the finger, the conversation must be finished over the next 5 minutes.
In its dense schedule, Elizabeth II definitely allocates time to watch your favorite TV shows and television shows. It is known that she is a fan of the English version of “X-Factor”, as well as several series, including “Game of Thrones”.
Once a year, Elizabeth takes a long vacation and retires in the castle in Scotland, where he spends most of the time reading books and walks. There, Elizabeth takes a warm bath for several hours, in which, according to the courtiers, cannot do without a small rubber duck, donated to her as a child.
Other representatives of the Royal House of Great Britain
Elizabeth II belongs to the royal branch of Windsors, whose descendants of which in modern Great Britain are quite a lot. The British are very reverent to the Institute of the Monarchy, among the members of the royal family they have their own favorites and scandalous persons, whose name is all in ear.
Princess Diana
Diana Spencer (or Lady Dee) is invariably included in the top 10 greatest British according to national surveys. The first wife of Prince Charles (son of Elizabeth II) won the real sincere love of her subjects and millions of people around the world.
She is often called the “queen of hearts” for a great contribution to charity, as well as unlimited personal charm, modesty and simplicity.
According to rumors, Elizabeth II did not like her daughter -in -law for her popularity among the people (sometimes she overshadowed the queen itself).
In 1997, Lady Dee suddenly died in a car disaster, which still causes a lot of rumors and suspicions: there is a version that members of the ruling family set up a disaster. But even after the death of Princess Diana, the queen of human hearts remains.
Prince William and Kate Midleton
Prince William is the grandson of Elizabeth II, the son of Princess Diana and Prince Charles. William inherited many features from his mother (just as charming, engaged in charity work a lot), and in the degree of adoration of the looted recently, he rapidly overtakes his grandmother. He serves as a pilot of the helicopter of the Medical Service of England and takes fate in rescue operations.
Kate Midleton comes from a simple family. With her future husband, Prince William, she met while studying at the university. Castle Kate Manor of behavior is very reminiscent of the British Diana. They are delighted with her attitude towards children, impeccable manners, but most of all the audience is touched by the romantic story of Kate and William, which is very reminiscent of the tale of Cinderella.
Prince Harry
The youngest son of Diana and Prince Charles evokes mixed feelings among the British. On the one hand, he does not differ in impeccable behavior, but on the other hand, he is such a cutie that British citizens forgive him. In addition, his antics are caused rather by curiosity and youthful carelessness than a spoiled disposition.
The most loud “exploits” of Prince Harry: boundless amorousness (photographs of Harry with cute young ladies regularly fall into the press), hussar antics and cheerful party. But there are serious achievements: Prince Harry took part in the hostilities in Afghanistan as an ordinary pilot, and exposed his life on a par with others without any concessions.
Princess Beatrice and Princess Eugene
The sisters Beatrice and Eugene are the granddaughter of Queen Elizabeth II, the daughters of her second son, Prince Andrew. Unlike William and Harry, the girls cannot boast of an ideal reputation in the eyes of others, or at least relative charm.
Residents of Great Britain often criticize the eldest Beatrice for too extravagant outfits that are not always consistent with the protocol. She also gets too magnificent forms and an idle lifestyle (in the UK, belonging to the royal house does not mean the right to idle). Otherwise, Beatrice manages to stay within the framework of decency.
The younger Eugene is a real headache of her family. The girl regularly excites the British public with her antics and another portion of paparazzi photographs: drunken dances, cigarettes and indecent antics - this is the main thing that is famous for Eugene.
Video. Interesting facts about the UK
Simbulaga (Taty Muslim.kh)- Soviet and Azerbaijani pop singer (lyrical tenor), composer, teacher, actor, doctor of art history, professor (2000); diplomat.