Each belt of the Earth is distinguished by its own characteristics. The temperature and precipitation on each belt will be discussed in the article.
Content
Our huge planet is shrouded in invisible stripes (continuous or intermittent), which significantly differ in temperature conditions, precipitation, pressure and wind elements. These stripes are located symmetrically in relation to the equator and were called the climatic belts of the planet.
What are the climatic zones?
Since these stripes are very homogeneous in their climatic indicators, scientists clearly classify them into seven main and six transitional with clearly expressed boundaries. They arise due to the constant circulation of water, solar heat and atmospheric fronts, which in the end forms the creation of certain climatic conditions in different belts.
So, on the territory of the main belts - equatorial, tropical (two), moderate (two), polar (Arctic and Antarctic) - over the year the air front is observed.
Since there is no sharp difference in climatic conditions in certain areas - the joints of the belts, it was decided to indicate the transition areas with the increase in “Sub”:
- subequatorial (2)
- subtropical (2)
- subpolar (subarctic and subantarctic).
The air flows in them are replaced seasonally: in the summer months they come from the belts that is located south, in winter - from the north.
Features of the main climatic zones
Located around the Earth according to the law of geographical zonality, the belts received names based on the latitudes where they are formed. And the boundaries are easily established by the location of climatic fronts in summer and winter.
Equatorial
Unique in its kind, since it does not have a symmetrical couple. It passes along the equator intermittently, with a predominance of equatorial air fronts. A very favorable temperature background is held here all year round: from + 26 to + 28 ° C.
This territory on the planet is most provided with moisture, which falls in the form of rains up to 3000 mm - and evenly throughout the year. Here, either mainland or oceanic climatic types are observed.
Tropical
On both sides of the tropics. Their distinctive feature is the passats (stably blowing winds). Thanks to the tropical air masses, high temperatures are maintained here: in the warmest periods - up to +35 ° C, in the coldest - the thermometer does not fall below +10 ° C.
- In these territories there are most deserts (African, Arabian and Australian), since with deserted form climate there are few rains - up to 250 mm.
- And in the east of the continents located near the warm oceanic currents, under the influence of passats from the ocean and summer monsoons, a humid temperature background is created from +22 to + 26 ° C and rains up to 1,500 mm during the year.
Moderate
Stripes in the lattices of the same name up to the polar circles. With the dominance of moderate air masses, both Arctic and tropical “neighbors” can sometimes come here.
If we talk about the northern hemisphere, then the activity of cyclones is observed here in the western parts of the continents, western winds blow, and monsoons in the eastern parts. The further it moves on the mainland, the stronger the temperature changes: from +4 to -48 ° C in the cold and from +12 to +30 ° C heat in the summer.
There are five climatic types at once:
- sea \u200b\u200b(wind from the ocean, temperature from+5 ° C to +17 ° C in summer, precipitation - up to 2000 mm for a year);
- moderately continental (in January from -5 in the west to -10 ° C in the east, up to 600 mm of precipitation falls);
- continental (in the territory of the continents - in July from +10 ° C to +24 ° C to north);
- sharply continental (in January from -35 ° C in the west to -40 ° C in the east, up to 400 mm of precipitation);
- mussonon (on the territory of Eurasia: summer temperatures up to + 22 ° C, winter -up to -25 ° C, there are typhoons with the advent of autumn; in the winter there is dry, and the summer is rainy -up to 1200 mm of precipitation).
The southern hemisphere is distinguished by the oceanic climate, where it is mainly warm, the winter is softened, a lot of precipitation, strong winds and changeable weather.
Polar (Arctic and Antarctic)
Both poles of land are encircled. Motors of the continental climate with year -round weather below zero Celsius. And only in the Arctic with the ocean climate, the thermometer sometimes rises to +2 ° C. There are very few precipitation - up to 150 mm.
Features of transitional climatic zones
Subequatorial
Erive the equatorial zone from the north and south. Here in the summer the equatorial masses of air prevail, in winter - tropical). There is a clear section for two periods - summer with a lot of rains and winter with droughts. The temperature all year round is quite favorable - from +20 to +30 ° C, precipitation - up to 2000 mm per year.
Subtropical
The tropical masses of air affect them in the summer, and moderate in winter.
- In the mainland West, conditions that are also called Mediterranean (in the summer is dry and hot up to +30 ° C, in winter - wet and warm up to +10 ° C with very rare frosts).
- In the mainland, the conditions are different - monsoon (in summer up to +28 ° C, a lot of rains, and in winter - dry, up to +28 ° C, rains for a year - up to 1,500 mm, but snow is very rare).
- In mainland centers are characterized by a continental subtropical climate (in the summer - dry and hot up to +30 ° C, in winter it is also dry, but cool - up to +8 ° C).
Subpolar (subarctic and subantarctic)
They are located from the north and south from moderate climatic zones. In summer, there are more moderate air flows, in winter - Arctic and Antarctic.
- The northern continents are characterized by a continental subarctic climate (in summer up to +10 ° C, but this is a very short period, but in winter -up to -50 ° C, in some places -even up to -75 ° C).
- You probably heard about eternal permafrost - this phenomenon can be seen here, because at prohibitively low temperatures, large open spaces were swamped with very great moisture, although there was little precipitation - up to 200 mm per year.
It is much more favorable in the oceanic climate (the Greenland and Norwegian seas, the territory near Antarctica) -with an abundance of cyclones, a summer period with a temperature of up to +5 ° C and winter -with a temperature of up to -15 ° C. It is here that you can see floating sea ice floes, and fogs are considered characteristic of these places. In winter, up to 500 mm of precipitation falls.
Video: Basic climatic zones
