Fold the stove: selection of a place, design, tips and analysis of errors. How to add up a stove: casualties, advice of specialists. How to make the smallest tiled stove?

We fold the stove in the house or in the country yourself: select a model, place, diagram. Step-by-step master class.

Content

The furnace is an indispensable design in the private sector and in the dachas. With it, you become free from the benefits of civilization, and you can warm the house, as well as cook food without gas or electricity. In this article we will talk about how to choose a place for the furnace, build a small and standard furnaces.

Fold the stove: selection of a place, design, tips and error analysis

To begin with, we suggest choosing a stove by type of structure. They are divided into three types:

Heating furnaces. A small design consists of a firebox and rough, or instead of rude, a supply to heating water is installed, which flows through the batteries in the house. It is impossible to cook food on this furnace, while very often installed a glass door on the firebox so that the burning of firewood is visible and the effect of the fireplace is created;
Hobs They are installed more often in dachas and in forest houses, if you are not supposed to visit in the cold season. Consists of a furnace and a hob of cast iron, some models are also supplemented by an oven;
Combined furnaces A universal option, thanks to which you can both cook and heat the room on the stove. Such a stove is in many country houses, cottages, forest houses.

Now about security: The furnace should be made of brick or other refractory material. When trampling into the room, smoke and fumes should not penetrate. In order for the stove to please for years, and not upset the owners, we recommend paying attention to such points.

The wall to which the stove is attached must necessarily be internal. Otherwise, in the cold time, the outer wall will “pull out” heat from the furnace, and due to the sharp changes in temperature on the outer wall, not only fungus and mold forms, but also microcracks, which can lead to the destruction of the wall;
In order for the stove to bring maximum satisfaction it is installed near the inner wall, in the center of the room, it is built into one of the internal walls. The furnace installed in the middle of the room is ideal for zoning a country house. For small houses, an ideal option is the bake built into one of the walls;
If you are not a builder of a professional who has erected dozens of furnaces, you should not invent anything new, because there are many samples for all kinds of stove variations on the Internet. Choose one of them, and you will not have difficulties either with masonry or the strength of structures.
For built -in furnaces and furnaces for two rooms there is a prerequisite - separating the wall from the stove with heat -resistant materials so that the temperature is not transmitted to the wall;
If there are more than 500 bricks in the design - a prerequisite - the foundation, while it should be separate from the foundation of the house.

The next step is the choice of brick and foundation. If the furnace is small, and the base of the floors is concrete, it is enough to lay the postpone of the roofing material and you can start the construction of the furnace.

One of the options for choosing stove bricks: dimensions, brand, weight

If you bake impressive sizes, read the scheme with the requirements for the foundation and introduce it according to the indicated characteristics.

One of the options for the simplest foundation is given below:

Mark the floor;
We knock out/cut/cut off part of the floor under the marking;
We dig a hole 50 cm deep;
Fill the pit 10 cm with sand and 10 cm crushed stone;
Tamp the resulting pillow;
On the floor of the room, set the formwork (10 cm above the floor);
We make a mixture of cement of sand and crushed stone in equal proportions and pour 50% of the pit;
We are waiting for 1-2 days or more until completely dry;
We make a solution again, but a little slurry, pour the rest and let it dry;
We level the foundation and leave it for a month, until completely solidified.

The choice of bricks must be approached as carefully as possible, it should be a refractory brick of the brand of which M150 m200. When buying, be sure to read the brick documentation and make sure that it is intended for the construction of the furnaces. Also, to start, decide on the scheme, and only then choose a brick, since in diagrams-abdomen it is indicated on what size of the brick they are designed.

In addition to red bricks, chamotis products are suitable for building furnaces, but they must be lined with ceramic brick on top.

Fireproof chamotopic brick for the construction of tiled furnaces

After choosing a brick, let's move on to the solution. The duration of the furnace and the integrity of the structure as a whole directly depend on it. The leader of the solutions is sand and clay, but you should not create your own solution, it is better to buy a finished mixture in a construction store. Important: when choosing a solution, be sure to pay attention to the characteristics in which it should be indicated that it is heat -resistant and designed to build stoves and fireplaces.

The mistake of many newcomers is to make a solution and immediately start the construction. As in other matters - testing is necessary. So:

Fill clay solution with ordinary water and we are waiting until the composition becomes sour (day);
We add water into the acidified mixture and knead the clay as plasticine;
Add sand in different proportions (as indicated on the bag 1 part and 1 part of the part is slightly larger and slightly less);
Knead the solution and leave to dry for 5 hours;
We check the dried solution, select the part on which there are no cracks (the micro cracks are permissible) and along these proportions we already knead the entire solution and begin the construction.

How to fold the stove: casualties, advice of specialists

After analyzing the details, it's time to move to the most important thing: the choice of a scheme and the process itself. In this section, we give several schemes-samples for stoves of different sizes. It is worth noting that for the safety and durability of the design it is necessary to strictly adhere to the scheme, and exclusively specialists and engineers who practice in this industry can make changes and adjustments.

In addition to the scheme, you need to decide on the type of masonry. The most popular are “into cutting” and ”with empty seams.” In the latter case, it will be necessary at the end of the construction that it will be necessary to additionally whip the furnace, and in the first - all seams are filled with solution, and accordingly additional plaster exclusively at will.

Tip: Do you doubt the design and its masonry? Prepare bricks and slats 0.5 cm. Fold the structure without a solution with the slats and if you succeed, it remains to carefully disassemble and collect again, but already with the solution.

We also recommend that you familiarize yourself with advice from professionals, and move on to construction:

In order for the structure to not delay all vertical seams should be completely filled with solution;
Each brick relies on two or more bricks from below;
Seam from 2 mm;
The dressing of all rows is performed vertically;
The solution is superimposed with a thickness of 5 mm, after put the brick, press a little to remain 2-3 mm (also, if desired, is tapped with rubber hammer);
Ceramic bricks are dipped in water for a few seconds, after which they perfectly stick to the solution and are well fixed;
Shabing is mandatory - each brick must be cleaned of dust, crumbs, dirt, before applying the solution and laying;
If the brick is “lay down” not entirely correctly, it can be removed, cleaned and put again with a new solution;
A solution previously removed from brick is not used again.

Now folding the stove in this way: the first 5 rows, then take a break for an hour or a little more and fold further 5 rows. Thus, beginners can be calm, which will not violate the integrity of the structure.

Circuit-feeding of a coil-heating furnace

After the stove is completely folded, let it dry for about 4-5 days, if necessary, let it dry again, and only then put into operation.

How to make the smallest tileage stove: step-by-step master class

In this section, we will tell you on a step -by -step example how to build a small tiled stove with a fireplace effect. The first one we need to familiarize yourself is the furnace elements:

Topka;
Internal channels;
Casing;
The blown.

So, the first thing we need is to see a sketch of the tiled furnace (which will turn out at the end). Important: for small structures, laying brick can be connected immediately to the tile cladding.

The stage of building the foundation is not affected, as they talked about it above. We will immediately move on to the construction of the first rows.

We lay the first row with bricks, and until they have seized, over the first layer of tiles on top.

The second row of a tiled small stove - fill the space with bricks

While the tile “grasps” we lay the interior space according to the scheme.

A row behind a row lift the walls of the fireplace, alternating brickwork and cladding, and also do not forget about the processing of the furnace window.

We display the furnace window and linen with tiles

We go to the fuel, lay out the smoke collector, and draw up the frame of the combustion mirror.

We draw up the transition between the stove and the chimney

After registration of the frame, we move on to the construction of the upper part of the fireplace, form according to the scheme of the chimney node and set the gate.